Cell Cycle includes many processes necessary for successful self-replication, and consists of DNA synthesis (S) and mitosis (M) phases separated by gap phases in the order G1–S–G2–M. S phase and M phase are usually separated by gap phases called G1 and G2, when cell-cycle progression can be regulated by various intracellular and extracellular signals. In order to move from one phase of its life cycle to the next, a cell must pass through numerous checkpoints. At each checkpoint, specialized proteins determine whether the necessary conditions exist. Progression through G1 phase is controlled by pRB proteins, and phosphorylation of pRB proteins by CDKs releases E2F factors, promoting the transition to S phase. The G2/M transition that commits cells to division is a default consequence of initiating the cell cycle at the G1/S transition, many proteins, such Wee1, PLK1 and cdc25, is involved the regulation of this process. The best-understood checkpoints are those activated by DNA damage and problems with DNA replication.

DNA damage response (DDR) is a series of regulatory events including DNA damage, cell-cycle arrest, regulation of DNA replication, and repair or bypass of DNA damage to ensure the maintenance of genomic stability and cell viability. Genome instability arises if cells initiate mitosis when chromosomes are only partially replicated or are damaged by a double-strand DNA break (DSB). To prevent cells with damaged DNA from entering mitosis, ATR inhibits cyclin B/Cdk1 activation by stimulating the Cdk1 inhibitory kinase Wee1 and inhibiting Cdc25C via Chk1, besides, ATM and ATR also initiate DNA repair by phosphorylating several other substrates.

In cancer cells, the cell cycle regulators as well as other elements of the DDR pathway have been found to protect tumor cells from different stresses and to promote tumor progression. Thus, cell cycle proteins that directly regulate cell cycle progression (such as CDKs), as well as checkpoint kinases, Aurora kinases and PLKs, are promising targets in cancer therapy.

References:
[1] Rhind N, et al. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2012 Oct; 4(10): a005942.
[2] Duronio RJ, et al. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2013 Mar; 5(3): a008904.
[3] Liu W, et al. Mol Cancer. 2017 Mar 14;16(1):60.
[4] Ghelli Luserna di Rora' A, et al. J Hematol Oncol. 2017 Mar 29;10(1):77.


Anti-infection >
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Apoptosis >
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Metabolic Enzyme/Protease >
15-PGDH 5 alpha Reductase 5-Lipoxygenase Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Acyltransferase Adenosine Deaminase Adenosine Kinase Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Aldose Reductase Aminopeptidase Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) ATGL ATP Citrate Lyase Carbonic Anhydrase Carboxypeptidase Cathepsin CETP COMT Cytochrome P450 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Dopamine β-hydroxylase E1/E2/E3 Enzyme Elastase Enolase FAAH FABP Factor Xa Farnesyl Transferase Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) FXR Glucokinase GSNOR Gutathione S-transferase HCV Protease Hexokinase HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase HIV Integrase HIV Protease HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) HSP Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Lactate Dehydrogenase LXR MAGL Mineralocorticoid Receptor Mitochondrial Metabolism MMP Nampt NEDD8-activating Enzyme Neprilysin PAI-1 PDHK PGC-1α Phosphatase Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Phospholipase Procollagen C Proteinase Proteasome Pyruvate Kinase RAR/RXR Renin ROR Ser/Thr Protease SGK Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Thrombin Tryptophan Hydroxylase Tyrosinase Xanthine Oxidase
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Cdc7-IN-15

Cdc7-IN-15 (Example 108) is a cdc7 kinase inhibitor. Cdc7-IN-15 can be used for cancer research[1].

  • CAS Number: 1244027-03-9
  • MF: C12H14N4OS
  • MW: 262.33
  • Catalog: CDK
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

2′,3′-Anhydroadenosine

2′,3′-Anhydroadenosine is a purine nucleoside analogue. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 2627-64-7
  • MF: C10H11N5O3
  • MW: 249.23
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

SR 16832

SR 16832 is a dual-site, covalent and allosteric antagonist of PPARγ, inhibits cellular allosteric activation of PPARγ by rosiglitazone; a useful, complementary chemical tools for researchers to use to simultaneously inhibit both orthosteric and allosteric ligand-induced cellular activation of PPARγ.

  • CAS Number: 2088135-12-8
  • MF: C17H12ClN3O4
  • MW: 357.748
  • Catalog: PPAR
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 492.3±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 251.5±28.7 °C

LIMK-IN-22j

LIMK-IN-1 (Compound 14) is an inhibitor of LIM-Kinase (LIMK), with IC50s of 0.5 nM and 0.9 nM for LIMK1 and LIMK2, respectively. LIMK-IN-1 can be used for ocular hypertension and associated glaucoma research[1].

  • CAS Number: 1116571-01-7
  • MF: C20H21BrN8
  • MW: 453.34
  • Catalog: LIM Kinase (LIMK)
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

7-TFA-ap-7-Deaza-ddG

7-TFA-ap-7-Deaza-ddG (compound 19d, US20060281100A1), a nucleotide derivative, can be used in the synthesis of thiotriphosphate nucleotide dye terminators which can be used in DNA sequencing reactions[1].

  • CAS Number: 114748-68-4
  • MF: C16H16F3N5O4
  • MW: 399.324
  • Catalog: DNA/RNA Synthesis
  • Density: 1.7±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

ATM-IN-1

ATM-IN-1 is a potent inhibitor of ATM. ATM is located mainly in the nucleus and microsomes and is involved in cell cycle progression and in the cell cycle checkpoint response to DNA damage. ATM-IN-1 has the potential for the research of cancer and neurology diseases (extracted from patent WO2021139814A1, compound 3)[1].

  • CAS Number: 2662761-76-2
  • MF: C30H36N6O3
  • MW: 528.65
  • Catalog: ATM/ATR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

2-amino-9-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-8-methyl-3H-purin-6-one

8-Methylguanosine is a purine nucleoside analog. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 36799-17-4
  • MF: C11H15N5O5
  • MW: 297.27
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

PARP/PI3K-IN-1

PARP/PI3K-IN-1 (compound 15) is a potent PARP/PI3K inhibitor with pIC50 values of 8.22, 8.44, 8.25, 6.54, 8.13, 6.08 for PARP-1, PARP-2, PI3Kα, PI3Kβ, PI3Kδ, and PI3Kγ, respectively. PARP/PI3K-IN-1 is a highly effective anticancer compound targeted against a wide range of oncologic diseases[1].

  • CAS Number: 2337386-47-5
  • MF: C33H28F4N8O3
  • MW: 660.62
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

2,6-Dichloro-9-(2-C-Methyl-2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl)purine

2,6-Dichloro-9-(2-c-methyl-2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)purine dibenzoate is a purine nucleoside analog. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 205171-10-4
  • MF: C32H24Cl2N4O7
  • MW: 647.46
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 752.7±70.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 409.0±35.7 °C

2,4(1H,3H)-Pyrimidinedione,1-(2-deoxy-b-D-threo-pentofuranosyl)-5-methyl-

1-(2-Deoxy-β-D-threo-pentofuranosyl)thymine is a thymidine analog. Analogs of this series have insertional activity towards replicated DNA. They can be used to label cells and track DNA synthesis[1].

  • CAS Number: 16053-52-4
  • MF: C10H14N2O5
  • MW: 242.23
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: 1.452g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

17-AAG

17-AAG is a potent HSP90 inhibitor with an IC50 of 5 nM, having a 100-fold higher binding affinity for tumour cell derived HSP90 than normal cell derived HSP90.

  • CAS Number: 75747-14-7
  • MF: C31H43N3O8
  • MW: 585.688
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 797.8±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 201-203ºC
  • Flash Point: 436.3±32.9 °C

Laflunimus

Laflunimus (HR325) is an immunosuppressive agent and an analogue of the Leflunomide-active metabolite A77 1726. Laflunimus is an orally active inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). Laflunimus suppresses immunoglobulin (Ig) secretion, with IC50 values of 2.5 and 2 µM for IgM and IgG, respectively. Laflunimus also is a prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthase (PGHS) -1 and -2 inhibitor[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 147076-36-6
  • MF: C15H13F3N2O2
  • MW: 310.27100
  • Catalog: DNA/RNA Synthesis
  • Density: 1.441g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 408.7ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 201ºC

KR-39038

KR-39038 is an orally active and potent GRK5 (G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.02 μM. KR-39038 significantly inhibits angiotensin II-induced cellular hypertrophy through suppression of HDAC5 pathway in neonatal cardiomyocytes. KR-39038 shows profound anti-hypertrophic effects and improved cardiac function. KR-39038 can be used for heart failure research[1].

  • CAS Number: 2770300-35-9
  • MF: C24H32ClFN6O
  • MW: 475.00
  • Catalog: HDAC
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

2-Hydroxy-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-D-arabino adenosine

2-Hydroxy-2’-de oxy-2’-fluoro-beta-D-arabino adenosine is a purine nucleoside analogue. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 899827-82-8
  • MF: C10H12FN5O4
  • MW: 285.23
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: 2.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

5-Ethyluridine

5-Ethyluridine is a purine nucleoside analogue. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 25110-76-3
  • MF: C11H16N2O6
  • MW: 272.25
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Aviculin

Aviculin, a lignan glycoside, is a potent anticancer agent. Aviculin reduces metabolic activity on MCF-7 cells below 50%, with an IC50 of 75.47 μM. Aviculin induces breast cancer cell apoptosis through the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Aviculin increases expression of initiator caspase-9, executioner caspase-7, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Aviculin shows an increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio[1].

  • CAS Number: 156765-33-2
  • MF: C26H34O10
  • MW: 506.54
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

2’-Deoxy-N2,N2-dimethylguanosine

2’-Deoxy-N2,N2-dimethylguanosine is a purine nucleoside analog. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 88127-22-4
  • MF: C12H17N5O4
  • MW: 295.29
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

3,3′-[6,6′-bi-1H-Benzimidazole]-2,2′-diylbis-benzenamine

DDRI-18 is a DNA damage response inhibitor that inhibits the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) DNA repair process. DDRI-18 is an effective chemosensitizing agent[1].

  • CAS Number: 4402-18-0
  • MF: C26H20N6
  • MW: 416.48
  • Catalog: DNA/RNA Synthesis
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 835.8±75.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 503.4±24.3 °C

GSK461364

GSK461364 is a selective, reversible and ATP-competitive Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitor with a Ki value of 2.2 nM.

  • CAS Number: 929095-18-1
  • MF: C27H28F3N5O2S
  • MW: 543.604
  • Catalog: Polo-like Kinase (PLK)
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 658.0±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 351.7±34.3 °C

HBX 41108

HBX 41108 is an uncompetitive inhibitor of ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7) with an IC50 of 424 nM. HBX 41108 inhibits USP7-mediated p53 deubiquitination to stabilize p53 and inhibits cancer cell growth. HBX 41108 induces p53-dependent apoptosis in p53 wild type and null isogenic cancer cell lines[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 924296-39-9
  • MF: C13H3ClN4O
  • MW: 266.64200
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.66g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 604.9ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 319.6ºC

Rigosertib sodium

Rigosertib (sodium) is a non-ATP-competitive inhibitor of PLK1 with an IC50 of 9 nM, and shows 30-fold selectivity over PLK2.

  • CAS Number: 592542-60-4
  • MF: C21H24NNaO8S
  • MW: 473.47200
  • Catalog: Polo-like Kinase (PLK)
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

RTS-V5

RTS-V5 is a dual HDAC/proteasome inhibitor with IC50s of 6.9, 18, 15, 0.27, 0.53 μM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, HDAC6, HDAC8, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 2285346-31-6
  • MF: C27H35N5O6
  • MW: 525.60
  • Catalog: HDAC
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

2-chloroinosine

2-Chloroinosine is a purine nucleoside analog. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 13276-43-2
  • MF: C10H11ClN4O5
  • MW: 302.67
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: 2.194 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 141-143ºC (dec.)
  • Flash Point: N/A

3'-fluoro-3'-deoxyadenosine

3'-Deoxy-3'-fluoroadenosine is a purine nucleoside analogue. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 75059-22-2
  • MF: C10H12FN5O3
  • MW: 269.23
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 628.6°C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 334°C

N1-Propargylpseudouridine

N1-Propargylpseudouridine (see GL102032) is a purine nucleoside analogue. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 1464021-70-2
  • MF:
  • MW:
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

2′-Deoxy-5-methylisocytidine

2′-Deoxy-5-methylisocytidine is a purine nucleoside analog. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 19316-88-2
  • MF: C11H16N2O4
  • MW: 240.26
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

3’-Deoxy-N6-isopentenyl adenosine

3’-Deoxy-N6-isopentenyl adenosine is a purine nucleoside analog. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 1237496-62-6
  • MF: C15H21N5O3
  • MW: 319.36
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

4'-Bromo-resveratrol

4'-Bromo-resveratrol is a potent and dual inhibitor Sirtuin-1 and Sirtuin-3. 4'-Bromo-resveratrol inhibits melanoma cell growth through mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming. 4'-Bromo-resveratrol imparts antiproliferative effects in melanoma cells through a metabolic reprogramming and affecting the cell cycle and apoptosis signaling[1].

  • CAS Number: 1224713-90-9
  • MF: C14H11BrO2
  • MW: 291.14000
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

7H-1,2,3-Triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7-one,5-amino-3,4-dihydro-3-b-D-ribofuranosyl-

8-Azaguanosine is a purine nucleoside analogue. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 2133-80-4
  • MF: C9H12N6O5
  • MW: 284.23
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: 2.49g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 567.3ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 296.9ºC

HOE 33187-O-CONH-PEG4-phenol-thiophenone-NHPh-COOEt

HOE 33187-O-CONH-PEG4-phenol-thiophenone-NHPh-COOEt has inhibitory activity against pre-miR-21 RNA. HOE 33187-O-CONH-PEG4-phenol-thiophenone-NHPh-COOEt has the potential for the research of neoplastic disease such as cancer and especially cancers expressing miR-21 (extracted from patent WO2021087084A1, compound 25)[1].

  • CAS Number: 2641500-83-4
  • MF: C57H62N8O10S
  • MW: 1051.21
  • Catalog: DNA/RNA Synthesis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A