Butylparaben sodium strongly influences the later stages of the spermatogenesis in the testis through the deterioration of hormonal control and/or RNA and protein synthesis[1].
8-Aminoadenosine (8-NH2-Ado), a RNA-directed nucleoside analogue, reduces cellular ATP levels and inhibits mRNA synthesis. 8-Aminoadenosine blocks Akt/mTOR signaling and induces autophagy and apoptosis in a p53-independent manner. 8-Aminoadenosine has antitumor activity[1][2][3].
β-Amanitin is a cyclic peptide toxin in the poisonous Amanita phalloides mushroom. β-Amanitin inhibits inhibits eukaryotic RNA polymerase II and III. β-Amanitin inhibits protein synthesis. β-Amanitin can be used as a cytotoxic component of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs)[1][2].
Pyrazofurin, a pyrimidine nucleoside analogue with antineoplastic activity, inhibits cell proliferation and DNA synthesis in cells by inhibiting uridine 5'-phosphate (UMP) synthase[1]. Pyrazofurin is an active, sensitive orotate-phosphoribosyltransferase inhibitor with IC50s between 0.06-0.37 µM in the three squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines Hep-2, HNSCC-14B and HNSCC-14C[2].
CGP-53353 (DAPH-7) is an potent PKC inhibitor with IC50s of 0.41 mM and 3.8 mM for PKCβII and PKCβI, respectively. CGP-53353 can inhibit glucose-induced cell proliferation and DNA synthesis in AoSMC and A10 cells. CGP-53353 can be used for researching atherosclerosis of diabetic patients[1].
7-TFA-ap-7-Deaza-ddG (compound 19d, US20060281100A1), a nucleotide derivative, can be used in the synthesis of thiotriphosphate nucleotide dye terminators which can be used in DNA sequencing reactions[1].
Enocitabine, a nucleoside analog, is a potent DNA replication inhibitor and a DNA chain terminator. Enocitabine can be used as an effective chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of acute myelogenous leukaemia and lymphocytic leukaemias[1].
Adenine-13C is the 13C labeled Adenine[1]. Adenine (6-Aminopurine), a purine, is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA. Adenine acts as a chemical component of DNA and RNA. Adenine also plays an important role in biochemistry involved in cellular respiration, the form of both ATP and the cofactors (NAD and FAD), and protein synthesis[2][3][4].
Phosphoramidite is a modified phosphoramidite monomer used for the oligonucleotide synthesis.
Silver sulfadiazine (AgSD), a sulfonamide antibiotic, effects a dual inhibitory action on bacterial growth by its sulfa moiety (SD-SDZ) that prevents bacterial folate absorption and subsequent DNA synthesis. The silver that is released from Silver sulfadiazine binds and disrupts the DNA structure, precluding bacterial DNA replication[1].
Levomefolic acid-13C5 is the 13C labeled Levomefolic acid[1]. Levomefolic acid (5-MTHF) is an orally active, brain-penetrant natural active form of folic acid and is one of the most widely used folic acid food supplements[2][3].
Laflunimus (HR325) is an immunosuppressive agent and an analogue of the Leflunomide-active metabolite A77 1726. Laflunimus is an orally active inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). Laflunimus suppresses immunoglobulin (Ig) secretion, with IC50 values of 2.5 and 2 µM for IgM and IgG, respectively. Laflunimus also is a prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthase (PGHS) -1 and -2 inhibitor[1][2].
DNA Gyrase-IN-7 (compound 6d) is a novel Microbial DNA-Gyrase inhibitor[1].
O6-Benzylguanine, a guanine analog, is the DNA repair enzyme O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (MGMT/AGT) inhibitor. O6-Benzylguanine acts as an AGT substrate, which transfers its benzyl group to the AGT cysteine residue, thereby irreversibly inactivating AGT and preventing DNA repair. O6-Benzylguanine induces tumor cell apoptosis. Antineoplastic activity[1][2].
DDRI-18 is a DNA damage response inhibitor that inhibits the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) DNA repair process. DDRI-18 is an effective chemosensitizing agent[1].
EFdA-TP is a potent nucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor. EFdA-TP inhibits RT-catalyzed DNA synthesis as an effective immediate or delayed chain terminator (ICT or DCT). EFdA-TP inhibits HIV-1 RT with multiple mechanisms[1].
T-705RTP is a selective and GTP-competitive influenza virus RNA polymerase inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.14 μM and a Ki of 1.52 μM. T-705RTP is the active triphosphate metabolite of T-705 and has potent anti-influenza virus activity[1][2].
HIV-1 inhibitor-43 (compound 12) is a potent HIV-1 inhibitor with an EC50 of 21.3 nM, 6.2 nM, < 0.7 nM and < 0.7 nM for Y188L, K103N-Y181C, K103N and Y181C, respectively. HIV-1 inhibitor-43 can reduce HIV-1 RNA and protein p24[1].
γ-Amanitin an ADC cytotoxin and isolated from the mushroom. γ-Amanitin inhibits RNA polymerase II and disrupts synthesis of mRNA. γ-Amanitin shows similar effects to α-Amanitin (HY-19610) and β-Amanitin (HY-125586)[1].
HOE 33187-O-CONH-PEG4-phenol-thiophenone-NHPh-COOEt has inhibitory activity against pre-miR-21 RNA. HOE 33187-O-CONH-PEG4-phenol-thiophenone-NHPh-COOEt has the potential for the research of neoplastic disease such as cancer and especially cancers expressing miR-21 (extracted from patent WO2021087084A1, compound 25)[1].
Ribonuclease H is an enzyme degrading the RNA moiety of DNA-RNA hybrids[1].
Adenine is a purine derivative and a nucleobase with a variety of roles in biochemistry. Target: Nucleoside antimetabolite/analogAdenine is a nucleobase with a variety of roles in biochemistry including cellular respiration, in the form of both the energy-rich adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the cofactors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), andprotein synthesis, as a chemical component of DNA and RNA. The shape of adenine is complementary to either thymine in DNA or uracil in RNA.In older literature, adenine was sometimes called Vitamin B4. It is no longer considered a true vitamin or part of the Vitamin B complex. However, two B vitamins, niacin and riboflavin, bind with adenine to form the essential cofactors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), respectively. Hermann Emil Fischer was one of the early scientists to study adenine. Experiments performed in 1961 by Joan Oró have shown that a large quantity of adenine can be synthesized from the polymerization of ammonia with fivehydrogen cyanide (HCN) molecules in aqueous solution, whether this has implications for the origin of life on Earth is under debate.
Antibacterial agent 124 (Compound 3) is a potent bacterial prolyl-tRNA synthetase (ProRS) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.18 μM against Staphylococcus aureus ProRS (SaProRS)[1].
2'-O-MOE-rC is a 2'-O-MOE modified nucleoside. 2'-O-MOE-rC can be used for synthesis of DNA[1][2].
Deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP), a nucleoside triphosphate, is a raw material in DNA synthesis. Deoxycytidine triphosphate has many applications, such as real-time PCR, cDNA synthesis, and DNA sequencing.
UIAA-II-232 (compound 19b) is a potent DNA gyrase catalytic inhibitor with an IC50 value of 3.5 µM[1].
Antibacterial agent 89 is a potent antibacterial agent. Antibacterial agent 89 shows anti-clostridial activity. Antibacterial agent 89 inhibits the release of cytotoxins and the β’CH-σ interaction. Antibacterial agent 89 disrupts the process of bacterial transcription[1].
D-Xylofuranose, 1,2,3,5-tetraacetate is the raw material for nucleotides synthesis[1].
Tempo-d18 is the deuterium labeled Tempo[1]. Tempo is a classic nitroxide radical and is a selective scavenger of ROS that dismutases superoxide in the catalytic cycle. Tempo induces DNA-strand breakage. Tempo can be used as an organocatalyst for the oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes. Tempo has mutagenic and antioxidant effects[2][3][4][5].
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) dipotassium dihydrate is anticoagulants, chelating heavy metal and relieve toxicity. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid dipotassium dihydrate can damage chromosomes, interfere with the DNA repair process, increase the incidence of meiosis exchange[1].