KX2-391 Mesylate is an inhibitor of Src that targets the peptide substrate site of Src, with GI50 of 9-60 nM in cancer cell lines.
Efalizumab is a targeted T cell modulator, and is a humanized monoclonal antibody of CD11a, the α subunit of LFA-1. Efalizumab inhibits T cell activation, cutaneous T cell trafficking, and T cell adhesion to keratinocytes, can be used for plaque psoriasis research[1].
Abituzumab (DI17E6) is a humanised anti-integrin αV monoclonal antibody (IgG2 type). Abituzumab effectively reduces the phosphorylation of FAK, Akt and ERK. Abituzumab can be used in cancer research, particularly in prostate cancer[1].
Lexibulin 2Hcl (CYT-997 2Hcl) is a potent tubulin polymerisation inhibitor with IC50 of 10-100 nM in cancer cell lines; with potent cytotoxic and vascular disrupting activity in vitro and in vivo.IC50 value: 10-100 nM(cell assay) [1]Target: tubulin polymerisation inhibitor in vitro: CYT997 prevented the in vitro polymerization of tubulin with an IC50 of ～3 μmol/L (compared with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 2 μmol/L for colchicine under identical conditions) as determined using the conventional turbidimetric assay for tubulin polymerization. CYT997 was also capable of reversibly disrupting the microtubule network in cells, visualized using fluorescence microscopy. Thus, treatment of A549 cells with CYT997 (1 μmol/L) lead to the rapid reorganization of microtubules, including the destruction of the existing microtubule network and accumulation of tubulin in plaques within the cytoplasm of some cells. After 24 hours, major alterations in cell morphology were evident, including loss of adhesion and cell rounding. The effect of 1 hour of treatment with CYT997 was reversible and cells rapidly recovered their normal microtubule architecture. Taken together, the data indicates that CYT997 belongs to the class of anticancer agents that disrupt, rather than stabilize, tubulin-containing structures. Although vehicle-treated cells show 15% and 19% in G2-M phase at 15 and 24 hours (respectively), cells treated with CYT997 (1 μmol/L) had 38% and 43% of cells in G2-M at the same time points. Furthermore, at 24 hours post-CYT997 treatment, only 66% of total cells were in the G1, S, and G2-M phases, which suggests that cells blocked at the G2-M boundary do not exit back to G1, as in the normal cell cycle, but most likely are driven towards apoptosis and cell death [1]. Consistent with the disruption of cellular tubulin, CYT997 potently inhibits proliferation, induces cell cycle arrest and most importantly apoptosis of both human myeloma cell lines (HMCLs) and primary MM cells [2].in vivo: In a xenograft model using the human prostate cancer cell line PC3, oral dosing of CYT997 was initiated 13 days after cell implantation by which time palpable tumors were evident. A dose-dependent inhibition of tumor growth was apparent with CYT997, which at the highest dose was equivalent to parenterally administered paclitaxel. A single dose of CYT997 (7.5 mg/kg i.p.) clearly decreased blood flow in liver metastases, and a significant reduction in blood flow was present 6 hours postdose [1]. CYT997 treatment (15 mg/kg/day) significantly prolongs the survival in a murine model of aggressive systemic myelomatosis [2].
7-xylosyltaxol(Taxol-7-xyloside) is a taxol (Paclitaxel) derivative; Paclitaxel binds to tubulin and inhibits the disassembly of microtubules.IC50 Value:Target: Microtubule/TubulinPaclitaxel is a compound extracted from the Pacific yew tree with antineoplastic activity. Paclitaxel also induces apoptosis by binding to and blocking the function of the apoptosis inhibitor protein Bcl-2 (B-cell Leukemia 2). Paclitaxel inhibits DNA synthesis and stimulates the release of tumor necrosis factor-α. Paclitaxel induces apoptosis in murine mammary carcinoma MCA-4 and ovarian carcinoma OCA-1 tumors.
Tubulin inhibitor 24 is a potent tubulin inhibitor. Tubulin inhibitor 24 inhibits tubulin polymerization. Tubulin inhibitor 24 induces cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase in a concentration-dependent manner. Tubulin inhibitor 24 shows antitumor activity with no obvious toxicity[1].
Tubulin polymerization-IN-15 (compound 4) is a potent inhibitor of tubulin polymerization. Tubulin polymerization-IN-15 has the potential for the research of cancer diseases[1].
Ispinesib is a specific inhibitor of KSP, with a Ki app of 1.7 nM.
Zaurategrast ethyl ester (CDP323), the ethyl ester prodrug of CT7758[1], is a α4β1/α4β7 integrin antagonist used for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders[2].
Vinorelbine (ditartrate) is an anti-mitotic agent which inhibits the proliferation of Hela cells with IC50 of 1.25 nM.
Mps1-IN-4 is a selective Monopolar spindle 1 (Mps1) inhibitor with antiproliferative activity for cancer research[1].
Sovilnesib is a kinesin-like protein KIF18A inhibitor (WO2020132648). Sovilnesib can be used for the research of cancer[1].
3,3'-Diethyl-9-methylthiacarbocyanine iodide is a cyanine dye, also a tau aggregation inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 0.28 μM for tau. 3,3'-Diethyl-9-methylthiacarbocyanine iodide can cause misfunction of the microtubule cytoskeleton. 3,3'-Diethyl-9-methylthiacarbocyanine iodide can be used for researching Alzheimer’s disease[1].
Tubulin polymerization-IN-56 (compound 8l), an indazole derivative, is a potent tubulin polymerization inhibitor through interacting with the colchicine site, resulting in cell cycle arrest and cellular apoptosis. polymerization-IN-56 reduces cell migration and leads to more potent inhibition of tumor growth in vivo[1].
Gap 27, connexin43 mimetic peptide, is a gap junction inhibitor.
IQTub4P is a potent microtubule (MT) inhibitor. IQTub4P has the cytotoxicity in in HeLa cells, with EC50 of 170 nM. IQTub4P inhibits microtubule structure and function. IQTub4P is well-tolerated in vivo[1].
Tubulin inhibitor 35 (compound 6b) is a dual inhibitor of topoisomerase I (IC50=~50 μM) and tubulin polymerization (IC50=5.69 μM). Tubulin inhibitor 35 inhibits migration and invasion of MGC-803 and RKO cell lines，and induces apoptosis via arresting cell cycle at G2/M phase. Tubulin inhibitor 35 exhibis potent efficacy in gastrointestinal tumor inhibiton (inhibits MGC-803 (IC50=0.09 μM) and RKO (IC50=0.2 μM) cell lines)[1].
Paprotrain is a cell-permeable inhibitor of the kinesin MKLP-2, inhibits the ATPase activity of MKLP-2 with an IC50 of 1.35 μM and a Ki of 3.36 μM and shows a moderate inhibition activity on DYRK1A with an IC50 of 5.5 μM.
Zaurategrast (CT7758) is a potent and oral-effective α4-integrin inhibitor.
Tubulin polymerization-IN-12 is a tubulin polymerization inhibitor (IC50=0.75 μM). Tubulin polymerization-IN-12 arrests cell cycle at G2/M phase, and exhibits cytotoxicity against cancer cells[1].
Hydroxy Dynasore (Dyngo-4a), a structural analog of Dynasore (HY-15304), is an potency improved, low cytotoxicity and non‐specific binding dynamin inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.38 μM and 2.3 μM for brain dynamin I and recombinant rat dynamin II, respectively. Hydroxy Dynasore inhibits dynamin‐dependent endocytosis of transferrin with an IC50 of 5.7 μM in vitro.
Trimethyloctadecylammonium bromide is an inhibitor of dynamin, with an IC50 value of 1.9 μM for dynamin I. Trimethyloctadecylammonium bromide exhibits antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus[1][2].
Ansamitocin P-3 is a microtubule inhibitor. Ansamitocin P-3 is a macrocyclic antitumor antibiotic.
MPH-220 is a selective and orally active inhibitor of skeletal muscle myosin-2. MPH-220 enables muscle relaxation. MPH-220 is anti-spastic agent that can be used in the research of spasticity and muscle stiffness[1].
20-O-Demethyl-AP3 is a minor metabolite of Ansamitocin P-3. Ansamitocin P-3, a microtubule inhibitor, is a macrocyclic antitumor antibiotic[1].
A-286982 is a potent and allosteric LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction inhibitor with IC50s of 44 nM and 35 nM in an LFA-1/ICAM-1 binding and LFA-1-mediated cellular adhesion assay, respectively[1][2].
Solidagonic acid inhibits HSET motor activity by promoting the conversion from abnormal monopolar to bipolar spindles. Solidagonic acid suppresses fission yeast cell death and enables reversion of the mitotic spindles from a monopolar to bipolar morphology. Solidagonic acid showed the growth inhibitory activity on the seedlings of Lactuca sativa L. and Lolium multiflorum Lam[1][2].
Epothilone B is a microtubule stabilizer with a Ki of 0.71μM. It acts by binding to the αβ-tubulin heterodimer subunit which causes decreasing of αβ-tubulin dissociation.
Phomopsin A is a cyclic hexapeptide mycotoxin isolated from the fungus Phomopsis leptostomiformis. Phomopsin A is a noncompetitive inhibitor of the binding of radiolabeled vincristine to tubulin[1].
Batabulin (T138067) is an antitumor agent, which binds covalently and selectively to a subset of the β-tubulin isotypes, thereby disrupting microtubule polymerization. Batabulin affects cell morphology and leads to cell-cycle arrest ultimately induce apoptotic cell death. Batabulin has efficacy against multidrug-resistant (MDR) tumors[1].