Lecirelin is a synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue. Lecirelin is widely used for the research of bovine ovarian follicular cysts[1].
Emicerfont is a corticotropin-releasing factor type 1 (CRF1) receptor antagonist with an IC50 of 66 nM.
Aeruginosin 98-B is a protease inhibitor. Aeruginosin 98-B inhibits trypsin, plasmin and thrombin with IC50 values of 0.6, 7.0 and 10.0 μg/mL, respectively[1].
Cetirizine Impurity C is an impurity of Cetirizine. Cetirizine, a second-generation antihistamine and the carboxylated metabolite of hydroxyzine, is a specific, orally active and long-acting histamine H1-receptor antagonist[1][2].
Prucalopride hydrochloride is an orally active, selective and specific 5-HT4 receptor agonist (high affinity), with pKis of 8.6 and 8.1 for human 5-HT4a/4b receptors, respectively. Prucalopride hydrochloride improves intestinal motility by promoting regeneration of the intestinal nervous system in rats. Prucalopride hydrochloride also shows anticancer activity by blocking of the PI3K/AKT/mTor signaling pathway. Prucalopride hydrochloride can be used in studies of chronic constipation, pseudo-intestinal obstruction and cancer[1][2][3].
(±)-J-113397 is a potent and selective non-peptidyl ORL1 receptor antagonist with a Ki of 1.8 nM for cloned human ORL1. J-113397 inhibited nociceptin/orphanin FQ-stimulated GTPγS binding to CHO cells expressing ORL1 with an IC50 value of 5.3 nM. J-113397 can be used for researching the physiological roles of nociceptin/orphanin FQ[1].
Piboserod (SB 207266) Hcl is a selective 5-HT(4) receptor antagonist.IC50 value:Target: 5-HT4 antagonistin vitro: Piboserod did not modify the basal contractions but concentration-dependently antagonized the ability of 5-HT to enhance bladder strip contractions to EFS. In presence of 1 and 100 nM of piboserod, the maximal 5-HT-induced potentiations were reduced to 45.0+/-7.9 and 38.7+/-8.7%, respectively [1].in vivo: Piboserod significantly increased LVEF by 1.7% vs. placebo (CI 0.3, 3.2, P = 0.020), primarily through reduced end-systolic volume from 165 to 158 mL (P = 0.060). There was a trend for greater increase in LVEF (2.7%, CI -1.1, 6.6, P = 0.15) in a small subset of patients not on chronic beta-blocker therapy. There was no significant effect on neurohormones, quality of life, or exercise tolerance. Patients on piboserod reported more adverse events, but numbers were too small to identify specific safety issues [2]. Pretreatment with potent 5-HT4 ligands dose-dependently reduced striatal SB207145 concentration and the effective dose to achieve 50% receptor occupancy (ED50 ) values were 4.8, 2.0, 7.4, 9.9, 3.8 and 0.02 mg/kg for GR113808, piboserod, prucalopride, RS67333, TD8954 and PF04995274, respectively [3].
Histamine H4 receptor antagonist-1 is an antagonist of histamine H4 receptor extracted from patent WO2010108059A1 compound 60[1].
[Sar9,Met(O2)11]-Substance P is a tachykinin NK1 receptor selective agonist.
6-OAU(GTPL5846; 6-n-octylaminouracil) is a surrogate agonist of GPR84; activates human GPR84 in the presence of Gqi5 chimera in HEK293 cells with an EC50 of 105 nM in the PI assay.IC50 value: 105 nM [1]Target: GPR84 agonistin vitro: 6-OAU increased [35S]GTPγS incorporated in Sf9 cell membranes expressing human GPR84-Gαi fusion protein with an EC50 of 512 nM. 6-OAU did not activate human GPR40 in HEK293 cells in the PI assay. Stimulation with 6.25 μm 6-OAU began to induce GPR84-EGFP internalization, and the extensive internalization was observed at 200 μm 6-OAU stimulation. In a Transwell assay, 3-OH-C12 and the surrogate agonist, 6-OAU, provoked chemotaxis of PMNs prepared from human peripheral blood in a concentration-dependent manner with an EC50 of 24.2 μm and 318 nm, respectively. In addition, 3-OH-C12 and 6-OAU increased the secretion of IL-8 from LPS-stimulated PMNs [1].in vivo: Injection of 6-OAU suspension in 1% rat serum into the rat jugular vein (10 mg/kg) leads to the elevation of a chemokine, CXCL1 concentration in the serum peaking at 3 h after the injection. In the rat air pouch model, 6-OAU at 1 mg/ml dissolved in 0.3% BSA attracted both PMNs and macrophages into the air pouch, peaking at 4 h after 6-OAU inoculation [1].
A potent glucagon receptor (GCGR) negative allosteric modulator.
KRAS inhibitor-12 (compound 6-1) is a potent KRAS G12C inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.537 µM. KRAS inhibitor-12 shows p-ERK inhibition activities with IC50s of 1.3, 3.7 µM in MIA PaCA-2, A549 cells, respectively. KRAS inhibitor-12 has the potential for the research of pancreatic, colorectal, and lung cancers[1].
DU125530 is a potent and selective5-HT1A receptor antagonist with Ki values of 0.7, 890, 1200, 240, 750, 1100 nM for 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C, 5-HT3, respectively. DU125530 shows antidepressant effects[1][2].
Bamosiran is a small interfering RNA targeting β-adrenergic receptor 2, and is used to lower intraocular pressure
PF-03654764 is an orally active, selective histamine H3 receptor antagonist with Ki values of 1.2 nM and 7.9 nM for human H3 and rat H3 in whole cell assay, respectively. The combination of PF-03654764 and Fexofenadine (HY-B0801A) has the potential for allergic rhinitis research[1][2].
Phenyltoloxamine (Bistrimin) is an antihistamine agent with sedative and analgesic effects. Phenyltoloxamine also has potent Sigma-1 receptor binding affinity (Ki: 160 nM)[1][2][3].
DAMGO TFA is a μ-opioid receptor (μ-OPR ) selective agonist with a Kd of 3.46 nM for native μ-OPR[1].
GB83 is a potent PAR2 antagonist. GB83 reverses neutrophil elastase‐induced synovitis and pain. GB83 blocks the effect of MET-1 supernatant on NG neurons[1].
Bavisant (JNJ-31001074) is a highly selective, orally active antagonist of the human H3 receptor with a novel mechanism of action, involving wakefulness and cognition, with potential as a treatment for ADHD. IC50 Value: Target: H3 receptorin vitro: Bavisant completed a phase II ADHD trial, but no results have been reported [1].in vivo: Mean change from baseline in the total ADHD-RS-IV score at day 42 (primary efficacy endpoint) was -8.8 in the placebo group versus -9.3, -11.2 and -12.2 in the bavisant 1?mg/day, 3?mg/day and 10?mg/day groups, respectively; the change in the 10?mg/day group was not statistically superior to placebo (p=0.161), and hence statistical comparisons of the 1?mg/day and 3?mg/day groups with placebo based on a step-down closed testing procedure were not performed [2].Clinical trial: A Study to Characterize the Pharmacokinetics and Effect of Food on JNJ-31001074 in Healthy Volunteers. Phase 2
3-O-Methyldopa (3-Methoxy-L-tyrosine) is a metabolite of L-DOPA which is formed by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). 3-O-Methyldopa competitively inhibits the pharmacodynamics of l-DOPA and dopamine[1].
Sulfisoxazole (Sulfafurazole) diethanolamine is an endothelin receptor antagonist with IC50 values of 0.60 μM and 22 μM against endothelin receptor A and endothelin receptor B, respectively. Sulfisoxazole diethanolamine is a sulfonamide antibacterial with an oxazole substituent. Sulfisoxazole diethanolamine inhibits breast cancer exosome release by targeting endothelin receptor A[1][2].
Olsalazine is a potent inhibitor of macrophages chemotaxis to LTB4 with an IC50 value of 0.39 mM, also reduces the synthesis of 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE), 11-HETE, 12-HETE, and 15-HETE in polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) and mononuclear cells (MNL). Olsalazine can be used for researching ulcerative colitis. Anti-inflammatory activity[1][2].
PTAC oxalate is a selective muscarinic receptor ligand. PTAC oxalate is an partial agonist of M2 and M4 but antagonist of M1, M3, and M5 (Ki values of 0.2-2.8 nM for hM1-5 in CHO cells). PTAC oxalate alleviates the mechanical allodynia on the neuropathic pain and has antidepression effects[1][2].
Dimemorfan phosphate is a sigma 1 receptor agonist, used as a potent antitussive.
RC-3095 is a bombesin/gastrin releasing peptide receptor antagonist[1].
(R)-Preclamol hydrochloride ((+)-3-PPP hydrochloride) is the R-enantiomer of Preclamol hydrochloride. (R)-Preclamol hydrochloride is a DA agonist with autoreceptor as well as postsynaptic receptor stimulatory properties[1][2].
Tirzepatide (LY3298176) is a dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist that is being developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Tirzepatide (LY3298176) shows significantly better efficacy with regard to glucose control and weight loss than do Dulaglutide[1].
GR 55562 hydrochloride is a selective 5-HT1B receptor antagonist. GR 55562 hydrochloride can be used for the research of nerve disease[1].
SKF 77434 hydrobromide is a selective dopamine D1 receptor partial agonist. SKF 77434 hydrobromide has the potential to study cocaine addiction[1].
RFRP-3 (Neuropeptide VF(124-131))(human), a human GnIH peptide homolog, is a potent inhibitor of gonadotropin secretion by inhibiting Ca2+ mobilization. RFRP-3(human) is a NPFF1 receptor agonist, it inhibits forskolin-induced production of cAMP with an IC50 of 0.7 nM[1].