The immune system has evolved to survey and respond appropriately to the universe of foreign pathogens, deploying an intricate repertoire of mechanisms that keep responses to host tissues in check. The immune system is typically divided into two categories--innate and adaptive. Innate immunity refers to nonspecific defense mechanisms that come into play immediately or within hours of an antigen's appearance in the body. Adaptive immunity refers to antigen-specific immune response. The antigen first must be processed and recognized, and then the adaptive immune system creates an army of immune cells specifically designed to attack that antigen. For the adaptive immune system, specificity and sensitivity are provided by a large repertoire of antigen T-cell receptors (TCRs) constructed in their extracellular domain to recognize antigenic peptide fragments restricted and presented by histocompatibility complex molecules, and coupled through intracellular domains to signal transduction modules that serve to transmit environmental cues inside the cell.

Inflammation is triggered when innate immune cells detect infection or tissue injury. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) respond to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or host-derived damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) by triggering activation of NF-κB, AP1, CREB, c/EBP, and IRF transcription factors. Induction of genes encoding enzymes, chemokines, cytokines, adhesion molecules, and regulators of the extracellular matrix promotes the recruitment and activation of leukocytes. Besides resolving infection and injury, chronic inflammation is a risk factor for cancer.

Immunity has a major impact on inflammatory diseases and cancer, and biologics targeting immune cells and their factors. Immunosuppressant drugs suppress, or reduce, the strength of the body’s immune system, and have been used in the treatment of organ transplantation or autoimmunine diseases. Immunomodulator drugs have contributed to the significant improvement against cancer and other related diseases.

References:
[1] Sakaguchi S, et al. Immunol Cell Biol. 2012 Mar;90(3):277-87. doi: 10.1038/icb.2012.4.
[2] Newton K, et al. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2012 Mar; 4(3): a006049.
[3] Bartneck M. Macromol Biosci. 2017 Apr 6. doi: 10.1002/mabi.201700021.


Anti-infection >
Arenavirus Bacterial CMV Enterovirus Filovirus Fungal HBV HCV HIV HSV Influenza Virus Parasite Reverse Transcriptase RSV SARS-CoV
Antibody-drug Conjugate >
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Metabolic Enzyme/Protease >
15-PGDH 5 alpha Reductase 5-Lipoxygenase Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Acyltransferase Adenosine Deaminase Adenosine Kinase Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Aldose Reductase Aminopeptidase Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) ATGL ATP Citrate Lyase Carbonic Anhydrase Carboxypeptidase Cathepsin CETP COMT Cytochrome P450 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Dopamine β-hydroxylase E1/E2/E3 Enzyme Elastase Enolase FAAH FABP Factor Xa Farnesyl Transferase Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) FXR Glucokinase GSNOR Gutathione S-transferase HCV Protease Hexokinase HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase HIV Integrase HIV Protease HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) HSP Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Lactate Dehydrogenase LXR MAGL Mineralocorticoid Receptor Mitochondrial Metabolism MMP Nampt NEDD8-activating Enzyme Neprilysin PAI-1 PDHK PGC-1α Phosphatase Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Phospholipase Procollagen C Proteinase Proteasome Pyruvate Kinase RAR/RXR Renin ROR Ser/Thr Protease SGK Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Thrombin Tryptophan Hydroxylase Tyrosinase Xanthine Oxidase
Neuronal Signaling >
5-HT Receptor AChE Adenosine Kinase Amyloid-β Beta-secretase CaMK CGRP Receptor COMT Dopamine Receptor Dopamine Transporter FAAH GABA Receptor GlyT iGluR Imidazoline Receptor mAChR Melatonin Receptor Monoamine Oxidase nAChR Neurokinin Receptor Opioid Receptor Serotonin Transporter γ-secretase
NF-κB >
NF-κB IKK Keap1-Nrf2 MALT1
PI3K/Akt/mTOR >
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Factor B-IN-3

Factor B-IN-3 (Example 3 target compound) is a potent complement factor B inhibitor. Factor B-IN-3 can be used for the research of diseases related to inflammation and immunity[1].

  • CAS Number: 2760669-74-5
  • MF: C24H29N3O4
  • MW: 423.50
  • Catalog: Complement System
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Carbidopa monohydrate

Carbidopa ((S)-(-)-Carbidopa) monohydrate, a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor, can be used for the research of Parkinson's disease. Carbidopa monohydrate is a selective aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) modulator. Carbidopa monohydrate inhibits pancreatic cancer cell and tumor growth[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 38821-49-7
  • MF: C10H16N2O5
  • MW: 244.244
  • Catalog: Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor
  • Density: 1.42 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 528.7ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 273.5ºC

apilimod

Apilimod is a potent IL-12/IL-23 inhibitor, and strongly inhibits IL-12 with IC50s of 1 nM and 2 nM, in IFN-γ/SAC-stimulated human PBMCs and SAC-treated monkey PBMCs, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 541550-19-0
  • MF: C23H26N6O2
  • MW: 418.491
  • Catalog: Interleukin Related
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 655.1±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 350.0±34.3 °C

Isofezolac

Isofezolac (LM 22070) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that inhibits prostaglandin-synthetase. Isofezolac anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 50270-33-2
  • MF: C23H18N2O2
  • MW: 354.40100
  • Catalog: PGE synthase
  • Density: 1.18g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 542.8ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 282.1ºC

1400W dihydrochloride

1400W dihydrochloride is a potent and selective inhibitor of human inducible NO synthase with Ki values of 7 nM.

  • CAS Number: 214358-33-5
  • MF: C10H17Cl2N3
  • MW: 250.168
  • Catalog: NO Synthase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 329ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 152.7ºC

Triptoquinone B

Triptoquinone B ((+)-Triptoquinone B), a sesquiterpene alkaloid, is an interleukin-1 inhibitor. Triptoquinone B shows potent inhibitory activities against interleukin 1α and β releases for human peripheral mononuclear cells[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 142937-50-6
  • MF: C20H26O4
  • MW: 330.418
  • Catalog: Interleukin Related
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 475.4±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 255.4±25.2 °C

Pimivalimab

Pimivalimab (JTX-4014) is a PD-1 inhibitor. Pimivalimab can be used for the research of solid tumor[1].

  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Adebrelimab

Adebrelimab (SHR-1316) is a humanized IgG4 monoclonal PD-L1 (PD-1/PD-L1) antibody. Adebrelimab has promising antitumor activity in solid tumors including extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (SCLC)[1][2].

  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

ST-1006 Maleate

ST-1006 maleate is a potent histamine H4 receptor agonist with a pKi value of 7.94. ST-1006 maleate has anti-inflammatory effect[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1196994-12-3
  • MF: C24H28Cl2N6O8
  • MW: 599.42
  • Catalog: Histamine Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Tildrakizumab

Tildrakizumab (SCH 900222) is a humanized anti-IL-23 (p19 subunit) monoclonal antibody. IL-23 is a critical cytokine to maintain the Th17 cell phenotype. Tildrakizumab has high-affinity for single-chain IL-23 (Kd: 136 pM). Tildrakizumab is effective against moderate to severe plaque psoriasis[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 1326244-10-3
  • MF:
  • MW: 144.4 (kDa)
  • Catalog: Interleukin Related
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CXCR4 modulator-1

CXCR4 modulator-1 (compound ZINC72372983) is a potent CXCR4 modulator with an EC50 value of 100 nM. CXCR4 modulator-1 can be used for researching anti-inflammatory, anticancer and anti-HIV[1].

  • CAS Number: 1381178-26-2
  • MF: C23H27N5O2
  • MW: 405.49
  • Catalog: CXCR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Meclizine D8

Meclizine D8 (Meclozine D8) is a deuterium labeled Meclizine. Meclizine is a histamine H1 receptor antagonist and has the potential to treat nausea and motion sickness. Meclizine is an agonist ligand for mouse constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and an inverse agonist for Human CAR[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 1246816-06-7
  • MF: C25H19D8ClN2
  • MW: 399.00
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Naphazoline nitrate

Naphazoline (Naphthazoline) nitrate is an α-adrenergic receptor agonist. Naphazoline nitrate reduces vascular hyperpermeability and promotes vasoconstriction. Naphazoline nitrate reduces the levels of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6), cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-4), IgE, GMCSF, and NGF。Naphazoline nitrate can be used for non-bacterial conjunctivitis research[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 5144-52-5
  • MF: C14H15N3O3
  • MW: 273.287
  • Catalog: Adrenergic Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 440.5ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: 167-170 °C
  • Flash Point: 220.2ºC

Luteollin 5-glucoside

Luteolin 5-O-glucoside, a major flavonoidfrom Cirsium maackii, possesses anti-inflammatory activity. Luteolin 5-O-glucoside inhibits LPS-induced NO production and t-BHP-induced ROS generation. Luteolin 5-O-glucoside suppresses the expression of iNOS and COX-2 in macrophages[1].

  • CAS Number: 20344-46-1
  • MF: C21H20O11
  • MW: 448.377
  • Catalog: NO Synthase
  • Density: 1.7±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 864.2±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 260-263℃
  • Flash Point: 305.8±27.8 °C

CL097

CL097, a potent TLR7/8 agonist, induces pro-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages[1]. CL097 induces NADPH oxidase priming, resulting in an increase of the fMLF-stimulated ROS production[2].

  • CAS Number: 1026249-18-2
  • MF: C13H14N4O
  • MW: 242.28
  • Catalog: Toll-like Receptor (TLR)
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

N-[3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonylamino]-4-methoxyphenyl]-4-phenylbenzamide

SN-001 is a STING inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.82 μM[1].

  • CAS Number: 727699-84-5
  • MF: C26H21FN2O4S
  • MW: 476.522
  • Catalog: STING
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Vercirnon

Vercirnon is an orally bioavailable, selective, and potent antagonist of CCR9, with an IC50 of 10 nM, used in the research of inflammatory bowel diseases.

  • CAS Number: 698394-73-9
  • MF: C22H21ClN2O4S
  • MW: 444.93100
  • Catalog: CCR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

2',3'-cGAMP-C2-PPA

2',3'-cGAMP-C2-PPA (45), A cyclic di-nucleotide, is a STING agonist (US20210015941A1). 2',3'-cGAMP-C2-PPA is a drug-linker conjugate for ADC that can be used in synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates for the targeted treatment of cancer[1].

  • CAS Number: 2586047-11-0
  • MF: C27H36N10O14P2S2
  • MW: 850.71
  • Catalog: STING
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

S-methyl-L-Thiocitrulline hydrochloride

S-MTC (S-Methyl-L-thiocitrulline) dihydrochloride is a selective type I nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor.

  • CAS Number: 209589-59-3
  • MF: C7H17Cl2N3O2S
  • MW: 278.20
  • Catalog: NO Synthase
  • Density: 1.35g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 405ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 198.7ºC

K-80001

K-80001 is an RXRα-binder and COX-1/2 inhibitor, with IC50s of with an IC50 of 82.9μM, 3.4μM, 1.2μM for RXRα, COX-1 and COX-2, respectively[1].

  • CAS Number: 242800-40-4
  • MF: C20H17FO2
  • MW: 308.35
  • Catalog: COX
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

(R,R)-VVD-118313

(R,R)-VVD-118313 is the isomer of VVD-118313 (HY-151385). VVD-118313 is a selective JAK1 inhibitor and blocks JAK1-dependent trans-phosphorylation and cytokine signaling. VVD-118313 can be used for research of cancer[1].

  • CAS Number: 2875046-31-2
  • MF: C19H22Cl2N2O3S
  • MW: 429.36
  • Catalog: JAK
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CXCR2 antagonist 2

CXCR2 antagonist 2 is a potent CXCR2 antagonist for cancer immunotherapy with an IC50 value of 95 nM.

  • CAS Number: 2647464-91-1
  • MF: C17H17FN2O4S
  • MW: 364.39
  • Catalog: CXCR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Osthole

Osthole is a natural antihistamine alternative. Osthole may be a potential inhibitor of histamine H1 receptor activity.

  • CAS Number: 484-12-8
  • MF: C15H16O3
  • MW: 244.286
  • Catalog: Histamine Receptor
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 396.7±42.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 83-84°C
  • Flash Point: 167.6±22.5 °C

SR-717

SR-717 is a non-nucleotide STING agonist with EC50s of 2.1 μM and 2.2 μM in ISG-THP1 (WT) and ISG-THP1 cGAS KO (cGAS KO) cell lines, respectively. SR-717 is a stable cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) mimetic. Antitumor activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 2375421-09-1
  • MF: C15H8F2LiN5O3
  • MW: 351.19
  • Catalog: STING
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

MCC950 (sodium)

MCC950 sodium is a potent, selective NLRP3 inhibitor with IC50s of 7.5 and 8.1 nM in BMDMs and HMDMs, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 256373-96-3
  • MF: C20H23N2NaO5S
  • MW: 426.462
  • Catalog: NOD-like Receptor (NLR)
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

(Z)-Leukadherin-1

(Z)-Leukadherin-1 (ADH-503 free base) is an orally active and allosteric CD11b agonist. (Z)-Leukadherin-1 leads to the repolarization of tumorassociated macrophages, reduction in the number of tumor-infiltrating immunosuppressive myeloid cells, and enhances dendritic cell responses[1].

  • CAS Number: 2055362-72-4
  • MF: C22H15NO4S2
  • MW: 421.49
  • Catalog: Complement System
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

AVE-3085

AVE-3085 is a potent endothelial nitric oxide synthase enhancer, used for cardiovascular disease treatment.

  • CAS Number: 450348-85-3
  • MF: C17H13F2NO3
  • MW: 317.287
  • Catalog: NO Synthase
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 420.3±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 208.0±28.7 °C

ACT-660602

ACT-660602 is an orally active antagonist of chemokine receptor (CXCR3) with an IC50 value of 204 nM. ACT-660602 inhibits T-cell migration and shows efficacy in acute lung ingury model. ACT-660602 can be used for autoimmune diseases research[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1646267-59-5
  • MF: C20H20F6N8OS
  • MW: 534.48
  • Catalog: CXCR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Tyk2-IN-13

Tyk2-IN-13 (compound 30) is an orally active TYK2 inhibitor. Tyk2-IN-13 inhibits IFNα stimulated STAT3 phosphorylation with an IC50 value of 1.90 nM. Tyk2-IN-13 can be used for the research of autoimmune diseases[1].

  • CAS Number: 2775417-67-7
  • MF: C29H30D3N7O6
  • MW: 578.63
  • Catalog: Interleukin Related
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Loratadine

Loratadine(SCH-29851) is a selective inverse peripheral histamine H1-receptor agonist with an IC50 of >32 μM.IC50 value: 32 uMTarget: H1-receptorLoratadine is a non-sedative antihistamine that inhibits histamine-induced activities of IL-6 and IL-8 secretion in endothelial cells.

  • CAS Number: 79794-75-5
  • MF: C22H23ClN2O2
  • MW: 382.883
  • Catalog: Histamine Receptor
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 531.3±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 134-136°C
  • Flash Point: 275.1±30.1 °C