Tenapanor is an inhibitor of the Na+/H+ exchanger NHE3 with IC50 values of 5 and 10 nM against human and Rat NHE3, respectively.
Methocarbamol-13C,d3 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled. Methocarbamol is an orally active central muscle relaxant and blocks muscular Nav1.4 channel. Methocarbamol reversibly affects voltage dependence of inactivation of Nav1.4 channel. Methocarbamol has the potential for muscle spasms and pain syndromes research[1][2][3].
Lidocaine, an amide local anesthetic, has anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and in vivo, possibly due to an attenuation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and reduction of neutrophils influx.Target: Lidocaine is a common local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic drug. Lidocaine is used topically to relieve itching, burning and pain from skin inflammations, injected as a dental anesthetic or as a local anesthetic for minor surgery. Lidocaine, the first amino amide–type local anesthetic, was first synthesized under the name xylocaine by Swedish chemist Nils Lofgren in 1943. His colleague Bengt Lundqvist performed the first injection anesthesia experiments on himself.Lidocaine is approximately 95% metabolized (dealkylated) in the liver by CYP3A4 to the pharmacologically-active metabolites monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) and then subsequently to the inactive glycine xylidide. MEGX has a longer half life than lidocaine but also is a less potent sodium channel blocker. The elimination half-life of lidocaine is approximately 90–120 minutes in most patients. This may be prolonged in patients with hepatic impairment (average 343 minutes) or congestive heart failure (average 136 minutes).
NHE3-IN-3 (Compound 1) is a Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3) inhibitor with pIC50 of 6.2 and 6.6 against human and rat NHE3, respectively. NHE3-IN-3 shows high (98%) oral bioavailability in Sprague–Dawley rats[1].
Bifenthrin is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide that prolongs opening of sodium channels resulting in membrane depolarization and conductance block in the insect nervous system. Bifenthrin is effective against A. gambiae and C. quinquefasciatus mosquitos (LD50s = 0.15 and 0.16 ng/mg, respectively) and increases O. insidiosus mortality in treated corn and sorghum plants.
Eleclazine hydrochloride is a novel late Na+ current inhibitor with IC50 value of 0.7 uM. target: Na+ current.IC50: 0.7 uM.In vitro: Eleclazine hydrochloride inhibits ATX-II enhanced late INa in ventricular myocytes, shorten the ATX-II induced prolongation of APD, MAPD, QT interval, and decreased spatiotemporal dispersion of repolarization and ventricular arrhythmias. Inhibition by GS-6615 of ATX-II enhanced late INa is strongly correlated with shortening of myocyte APD and isolated heart MAPD[1]. Selective inhibition of cardiac late INa with eleclazine hydrochloride confers dual protection against vulnerability to ischemia-induced AF and reduces atrial and ventricular repolarization abnormalities before and during adrenergic stimulation without negative inotropic effects. [2]
KC 12291 hydrochloride is an orally active blocker of voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC). KC 12291 hydrochloride reduces the amplitude of sustained Na+ current to exert antiischemic activity. KC 12291 hydrochloride has significant cardioprotective effect in vitro and in vivo[1].
Propoxycaine hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of Propoxycaine, a para-aminobenzoic acid ester with local anesthetic activity.Target: sodium channelPropoxycaine binds to and inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels, thereby inhibiting the ionic flux required for the initiation and conduction of impulses. This results in a loss of sensation.
Bupivacaine hydrochloride monohydrate is a NMDA receptor inhibitor. Bupivacaine hydrochloride monohydrate can block sodium, L-calcium, and potassium channels. Bupivacaine hydrochloride monohydrate potently blocks SCN5A channels with the IC50 of 69.5 μM. Bupivacaine hydrochloride monohydrate can be used for the research of chronic pain[1][2][3].
BI-9627 is a sodium−hydrogen exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1) inhibitor with an EC50 of 31 nM[1].
Vinpocetine(Cavinton; Ethyl apovincaminate) is a selective for PDE1 (IC50 = 21 μM). Also blocks voltage-gated Na+ channels.IC50 value:Target: PDE1; Na+ channel
DS-1971a is a potent, selective, and orally active NaV1.7 inhibitor, with IC50s of 22.8 and 59.4 nM for hNaV1.7 and mNaV1.7, respectively. DS-1971a exerts analgesic effects[1].
Nav1.8-IN-2 (compound 35A) is a potent Nav1.8 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.4 nM. Nav1.8-IN-2 can be used for researching pain disorders, cough disorders, and acute and chronic itch disorders[1].
Meticrane is a diuretic. Meticrane inhibits the reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions in the distal convoluted tubule. Meticrane is used to treat essential hypertension.
4,9-Anhydrotetrodotoxin is a selective voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) inhibitor that blocks Nav1.1 and Nav1.6 in human brain and induces a hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage dependence of inactivated Nav1.6[1].
EIPA is a TRPP3 channel inhibitor with an IC50 of 10.5 μM. EIPA also inhibits Na+/H+-exchanger (NHE) and macropinocytosis.
ICA-121431 is a nanomolar potent small molecule Nav1.7 channel inhibitor with IC50 of 19 nM for rat Nav1.7, but no inhibition on human, monkey and dog Nav1.7.IC50 value: 19 nM (rat Nav1.7) [1]Target: rat Nav1.7 inhibitorICA-121431 exhibited a spectrum of inhibitory activity for Nav human channel subtypes; equipotent inhibition of Nav1.3 and Nav1.1, less potent inhibition of Nav1.2, and much weaker inhibition of Nav1.7, Nav1.6, Nav1.4, and the TTX-resistant human Nav1.5 and Nav1.8 channels (IC50s >10 μM). the unique subtype selective Nav channel inhibitors ICA-121431 and PF-04856264 interact with amino acid residues on an extracellular facing region of the homologous Domain 4 voltage sensor of Nav1.3 or Nav1.7, which is distinct from previously described interaction sites for TTX or local anesthetic-like Nav channel inhibitors.
Atomoxetine (Tomoxetine) is a selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor with Ki values of 5, 77 and 1451 nM for norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) transporters, respectively. Atomoxetine (Tomoxetine) increases of DAEX and NEEX in the PFC and enhances catecholaminergic neurotransmission. Atomoxetine (Tomoxetine) is a potent Na+ channels (VGSCs) blocker. Atomoxetine (Tomoxetine) can be used for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) research[1][2][3].
Eslicarbazepine acetate, an antiepileptic drug, is a dual a dual Inhibitor of β-Secretase and voltage-gated sodium channel.
Triamterene blocks epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) in a voltage-dependent manner, which used as a mild diuretic.Target: Sodium ChannelTriamterene blocked rENaC in a voltage-dependent manner, and was 100-fold less potent than amiloride at pH 7.5. At -90 mV and -40 mV, the IC50 values were 5 microM and 10 microM, respectively. The blockage by triamterene, which is a weak base with a pKa of 6.2, was dependent on the extracellular pH. The IC50 was 1 microM at pH 6.5 and only 17 microM at pH 8.5 [1]. Triamterene (TA) is partly eliminated by a first-pass-effect. The main metabolite of TA is OH-TA-ester, which is pharmacologically active [2].
AM-2099 is a potent and selective inhibitor of voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.7 with an IC50 of 0.16 μM for human Nav1.7.
λ-Cyhalothrin is a high efficiency, broad-spectrum type II synthetic pyrethroid insecticide containing α-cyano group. λ-Cyhalothrin is used to control a wide range of pests in a variety of applications. λ-Cyhalothrin is a neurotoxin that targets sodium channels in the membranes of neurons in the central nervous system[1].
Oxcarbazepine-d4-1 is deuterium labeled Oxcarbazepine. Oxcarbazepine is a sodium channel blocker[1]. Oxcarbazepine significantly inhibits glioblastoma cell growth and induces apoptosis or G2/M arrest in glioblastoma cell lines[2]. Anti-cancer and anticonvulsant effects[2][3].
μ-Conotoxin PIIIA is a sodium channel (NaV 1.4) blocker. μ-Conotoxin PIIIA can be isolated from Conus purpurascens[1][2].
μ-Conotoxin-CnIIIC is a 22-residue conopeptide that can be isolated from Conus consors. μ-Conotoxin-CnIIIC is a potent and persistent blocker of NaV1.4 channel. μ-Conotoxin-CnIIIC has analgesic, anaesthetic and myorelaxant properties[1][2].
Nav1.7-IN-2 is an inhibitor of voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav), in particular Nav 1.7, with IC50 of 80 nM.IC50 value: 80 nMTarget: Nav 1.7Nav1.7-IN-2 is useful for the treatment of diseases treatable by inhibition of these channels, in particular, chronic pain disorder. The more detailed information please refer to WO 2011103196 A1. Nav1.7-IN-2 is a Nav1.7 channel inhibitor extracted from patent WO/2011103196 A1, compound example J, has an IC50 of 80 nM.
Lamotrigine hydrate is a potent and orally active anticonvulsant or antiepileptic agent. Lamotrigine hydrate selectively blocks voltage-gated Na+ channels, stabilizing presynaptic neuronal membranes and inhibiting glutamate release. Lamotrigine hydrate can be used for the research of epilepsy, focal seizure, et al[1][2].
Ranolazine-d8 (CVT 303-d8) is the deuterium labeled Ranolazine. Ranolazine (CVT 303) is an anti-angina drug that achieves its effects by inhibiting the late phase of inward sodium current (INa and IKr with IC50 values of 6 μM and 12 μM, respectively) without affecting heart rate or blood pressure (BP)[1][2]. Ranolazine is also a partial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) inhibitor[3]. Antianginal agent.
Ralfinamide mesylate (FCE-26742A mesylate) is an orally available Na(+) channel blocker derived from α-aminoamide, with function of suppressing pain[1].
PRAX-562 (PRAX562) is a novel persistent sodium current (INa) inhibitor, inhibits hNaV1.6 persistent INa induced by ATX-II or SCN8A mutation N1768D with IC50 of 141 and 75 nM, respectively.PRAX-562 displays similar potency for inhibition of persistent INa expressed by other human NaV isoforms (hNaV1.1, hNaV1.2, hNaV1.5) as well as rat, dog, and mouse orthologs (rNaV1.2, dNaV1.2, mNaV1.6, rNaV1.6), with IC50 values ranging 109-180 nM.PRAX-562 exhibits tonic block with lower potency (IC50=8470 nM), demonstrating 60-fold preference for persistent INa, also exhibits preference for persistent INa over peak INa tonic block for hNaV1.1 (173-fold).PRAX-562 reduces intrinsic excitability of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons without compromising action potential (AP) amplitude.PRAX-562 (3 mg/kg, po) produces dose-dependent protection (increase in latency) of mice against MES-induced tonic hindlimb seizures (EC50=90.1 ng/ml), with complete protection at 10 mg/kg.