Cofirasersen is designed to reduce the expression of ENaC in the lung. ENaC is a sodium transport channel and believed to be hyperactive in cystic fibrosis, which is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator gene.
Cariporide (HOE-642) is a selective Na+/H+ exchange inhibitor.
Cyphenothrin (S-2703) is a pyrethroid pesticide. Cyphenothrin acts on the neuromuscular system of insects, intervening in the gating mechanism of sodium channels[1].
Zorevunersen (STK-001) is an antisense oligonucleotide that is intended to increase the level of productive SCN1A mRNA and consequently increase the expression of the sodium channel Nav1.1 protein. Zorevunersen is used for the study of Dravet syndrome.
Oxcarbazepine-D4 (GP 47680-D4) is the deuterium labeled Oxcarbazepine. Oxcarbazepine is a sodium channel blocker[1]. Oxcarbazepine significantly inhibits glioblastoma cell growth and induces apoptosis or G2/M arrest in glioblastoma cell lines[2]. Anti-cancer and anticonvulsant effects[2][3].
PF-05089771 is a potent, state-dependent, subtype selective Nav1.7 inhibitor with IC50 of 11 nM, >1,000-fold selectivity over Nav1.3, 1.4 and Nav1.5, 1.8; interacts with the voltage-sensor domain (VSD) of domain IV, blocks all Nav1.7 splice variants with similar potency (5N11L, 5A11S, 5A11L and 5N11S, IC50s=11=33 nM); displays high selectivity over L-type calcium channels, KvLQT and hERG potassium channels; demonstrates in vivo efficacy in a mouse capsaicin-induced neurogenic flare model. Pain Phase 1 Discontinued
Zorevunersen sodium is an antisense oligonucleotide that is intended to increase the level of productive SCN1A mRNA and consequently increase the expression of the sodium channel Nav1.1 protein. Zorevunersen sodium is used for the study of Dravet syndrome.
Nisoxetine hydrochloride is a potent and selective inhibitor of noradrenaline transporter (NET), with a Kd of 0.61 nM. Nisoxetine hydrochloride is an antidepressant and local anesthetic, it can block voltage-gated sodium channels[1][2][3].
Licarbazepine (BIA 2-005; GP 47779) is a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker with anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing effects[1].
AMG8380, an orally active and less active enantiomer of AMG8379, can serves as a negative control. AMG8380 inhibits human and mouse voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.7 with IC50s of 0.907 and 0.387 μM, respectively. AMG8380 blocks Tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive native channels with an IC50 of 2560 nM[1].
Bepridil ((±)-Bepridil) is a calcium channel blocking agent used as antiarrhythmic agent. Bepridil inhibits both calcium and sodium currents, has research potential in certain ischemia-induced ventricular arrhythmias. Bepridil also has strong inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 from entry and replication inside Vero E6 and A549 cells[1][2].
Carbamazepine, a sodium channel blocker, is an anticonvulsant drug.Target: Sodium channelCarbamazepine inhibits the binding of [3H]batrachotoxinin A 20-α-benzoate (BTX-B) to a receptor site of voltage-sensitive sodium channel with IC50 of 131 μM, to decrease the activation of sodium channel ion flux in rat brain synaptosomes. Carbamazepine does not alter basal 125I-labeled scorpion toxin binding to synaptosomes in the absence of batrachotoxin, but when batrachotoxin (1.25 μM) added, Carbamazepine inhibits the batrachotoxin-dependent increase in scorpion toxin binding in a concentration-dependent manner with IC50 of 260 μM mediated at the alkaloid toxin binding site, none of which affects [3H]saxitoxin binding [1]. Carbamazepine at 25 mg/kg significantly increases extracellular levels of striatal and hippocampal dopamine (DA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in a dose dependent manner, while Carbamazepine at 50 mg/kg significantly decreases total levels of striatal DA and DOPA as well as hippocampal HVA, but has no effect on total levels of striatal DOPAC and HVA nor on hippocampal DA, DOPA and DOPAC [2].
Riluzole hydrochloride is an anticonvulsant drug and belongs to the family of use-dependent Na+ channel blocker which can also inhibit GABA uptake with an IC50 of 43 μM.
DPI 201-106 (SDZ 201106) is a cardiotonic agent with a synergistic sarcolemmal and intracellular mechanism of action. DPI 201-106 shows cardioselective modulation of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) resulting in a positive inotropic effect[1][2][3].
Tocainide hydrochloride is an orally activesodium channel blocker, it blocks the sodium channels in the pain-producing foci in the nerve membranes. Tocainide hydrochloride is a primary amine analog of lidocaine, can be used for the treatment of tinnitus[1][2].
DSP-2230 is a selective Nav1.7/Nav1.8 blocker[1][2].
Dimethyl lithospermate B (dmLSB) is a selective Na+ channel agonist. Dimethyl lithospermate B slows inactivation of sodium current (INa), leading to increased inward current during the early phases of the action potential (AP)[1][2].
Solnatide (AP 301) is an inhaled synthetic peptide agent composed of 17 natural amino acids. Solnatide can directly activate the epithelial sodium channel. Solnatide can be used for the research of lung function[1][2].
QX-222 chloride, a trimethyl analogue of Lignocaine (HY-B0185), is a potent Na+ channel blocker[1][2][3].
Nav1.1 activator 1 (compound 4), a highly potent Nav1.1 activator with BBB penetration, increases decay time constant (tau) of Nav1.1 currents at 0.03 μM along with significant selectivity against Nav1.2, Nav1.5, and Nav1.6[1].
A 803467 is a selective Nav1.8 sodium channel blocker with an IC50 of 8 nM; over 100-fold more selective vs. human Nav1.2, 1.3, 1.5 and 1.7. IC50 value: 8 nMTarget: Nav1.8 sodium channelA 803467 dose-dependently reduces behavioral responses in a variety of neuropathic and inflammatory pain models.
Ranolazine is an antianginal medication.Target: Sodium ChannelRanolazine is believed to have its effects via altering the transcellular late sodium current. It affects the sodium-dependent calcium channels during myocardial ischemia in rabbits by altering the intracellular sodium level [1]. Thus, ranolazine indirectly prevents the calcium overload that causes cardiac ischemia in rats [2]. The effects of ranolazine on the NaV 1.7 and NaV 1.8 sodium channels also make it potentially useful in the treatment of neuropathic pain. Ranolazine produced dose-dependant analgesia on mechanical allodynia induced by CFA injection, but had no effect on thermal hyperalgesia [3, 4].
BI 01383298 is a potent inhibitor of the sodium-citrate co-transporter (SLC13A5) that is highly expressed in the liver[1].
Propafenone (SA-79), a sodium-channel blocker, acts an antiarrhythmic agent. Propafenone also has high affinity for the β receptor (IC50=32 nM)[1]. Propafenone blocks the transient outward current (Ito) and the sustained delayed rectifier K current (Isus) with IC50 values of 4.9 μm and 8.6 μm, respectively[2]. Propafenone suppresses esophageal cancer proliferation through inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and induce apoptosis[3].
PH-064 (BIM-46187) is a sodium channel inhibitor extracted from patent FR 2879460 A1.
ASIC-IN-1 is a potent acid sensing ion channel inhibitor with an IC50 value of < 10 µM. ASIC-IN-1 causes a dose- dependent reduction of the pain intensity[1].
Annonacin is an Acetogenin and promotes cytotoxicity via a pathway inhibiting the mitochondrial complex. Annonacin is the active agent found in Graviola leaf extract to act as an inhibitor of sodium/potassium (NKA) and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SERCA) ATPase pumps[1].
PF-06305591 is a potent and highly selective voltage gated sodium channel NaV1.8 blocker, with an IC50 of 15 nM. An excellent preclinical in vitro ADME and safety profile[1].
PF 05089771 is a Nav1.7 channel blocker extracted from patent WO/2010/079443 A1, compound example 788, has an IC50 of 8.6 nM.
Flunarizine is a potent dual Na+/Ca2+ channel (T-type) blocker. Flunarizine is a D2 dopamine receptor antagonist. Flunarizine shows anticonvulsive and antimigraine activity, and peripheral vasodilator effects[1][2][3][4][5].