Xanthine oxidase (XO) is an important enzyme catalyzing the hydroxylation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid which is excreted by kidneys. Xanthine oxidase belongs to the molybdenum-protein family containing one molybdenum, one of the flavin adenine dinucleotides (FAD), and two iron-sulfur (2Fe-2S) centers of the ferredoxin type in each of its two independent subunits. The enzyme contains two separated substrate-binding sites. XO catalysed the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and subsequently to uric acid. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors (XOIs) are typically used in the treatment of nephropathy and renal stone diseases linked to hyperuricemia.


Anti-infection >
Arenavirus Bacterial CMV Enterovirus Filovirus Fungal HBV HCV HIV HSV Influenza Virus Parasite Reverse Transcriptase RSV SARS-CoV
Antibody-drug Conjugate >
ADC Cytotoxin ADC Linker Drug-Linker Conjugates for ADC PROTAC-linker Conjugate for PAC
Apoptosis >
Apoptosis Bcl-2 Family c-Myc Caspase DAPK Ferroptosis IAP MDM-2/p53 PKD RIP kinase Survivin Thymidylate Synthase TNF Receptor
Autophagy >
Autophagy LRRK2 ULK Mitophagy
Cell Cycle/DNA Damage >
Antifolate APC ATM/ATR Aurora Kinase Casein Kinase CDK Checkpoint Kinase (Chk) CRISPR/Cas9 Deubiquitinase DNA Alkylator/Crosslinker DNA-PK DNA/RNA Synthesis Eukaryotic Initiation Factor (eIF) G-quadruplex Haspin Kinase HDAC HSP IRE1 Kinesin LIM Kinase (LIMK) Microtubule/Tubulin Mps1 Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog p97 PAK PARP PERK Polo-like Kinase (PLK) PPAR RAD51 ROCK Sirtuin SRPK Telomerase TOPK Topoisomerase Wee1
Cytoskeleton >
Arp2/3 Complex Dynamin Gap Junction Protein Integrin Kinesin Microtubule/Tubulin Mps1 Myosin PAK
Epigenetics >
AMPK Aurora Kinase DNA Methyltransferase Epigenetic Reader Domain HDAC Histone Acetyltransferase Histone Demethylase Histone Methyltransferase JAK MicroRNA PARP PKC Sirtuin Protein Arginine Deiminase
GPCR/G Protein >
5-HT Receptor Adenosine Receptor Adenylate Cyclase Adiponectin Receptor Adrenergic Receptor Angiotensin Receptor Bombesin Receptor Bradykinin Receptor Cannabinoid Receptor CaSR CCR CGRP Receptor Cholecystokinin Receptor CRFR CXCR Dopamine Receptor EBI2/GPR183 Endothelin Receptor GHSR Glucagon Receptor Glucocorticoid Receptor GNRH Receptor GPCR19 GPR109A GPR119 GPR120 GPR139 GPR40 GPR55 GPR84 Guanylate Cyclase Histamine Receptor Imidazoline Receptor Leukotriene Receptor LPL Receptor mAChR MCHR1 (GPR24) Melatonin Receptor mGluR Motilin Receptor Neurokinin Receptor Neuropeptide Y Receptor Neurotensin Receptor Opioid Receptor Orexin Receptor (OX Receptor) Oxytocin Receptor P2Y Receptor Prostaglandin Receptor Protease-Activated Receptor (PAR) Ras RGS Protein Sigma Receptor Somatostatin Receptor TSH Receptor Urotensin Receptor Vasopressin Receptor Melanocortin Receptor
Immunology/Inflammation >
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor CCR Complement System COX CXCR FLAP Histamine Receptor IFNAR Interleukin Related IRAK MyD88 NO Synthase NOD-like Receptor (NLR) PD-1/PD-L1 PGE synthase Salt-inducible Kinase (SIK) SPHK STING Thrombopoietin Receptor Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Arginase
JAK/STAT Signaling >
EGFR JAK Pim STAT
MAPK/ERK Pathway >
ERK JNK KLF MAP3K MAP4K MAPKAPK2 (MK2) MEK Mixed Lineage Kinase MNK p38 MAPK Raf Ribosomal S6 Kinase (RSK)
Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel >
ATP Synthase BCRP Calcium Channel CFTR Chloride Channel CRAC Channel CRM1 EAAT2 GABA Receptor GlyT HCN Channel iGluR Monoamine Transporter Monocarboxylate Transporter Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger Na+/HCO3- Cotransporter Na+/K+ ATPase nAChR NKCC P-glycoprotein P2X Receptor Potassium Channel Proton Pump SGLT Sodium Channel TRP Channel URAT1
Metabolic Enzyme/Protease >
15-PGDH 5 alpha Reductase 5-Lipoxygenase Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Acyltransferase Adenosine Deaminase Adenosine Kinase Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Aldose Reductase Aminopeptidase Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) ATGL ATP Citrate Lyase Carbonic Anhydrase Carboxypeptidase Cathepsin CETP COMT Cytochrome P450 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Dopamine β-hydroxylase E1/E2/E3 Enzyme Elastase Enolase FAAH FABP Factor Xa Farnesyl Transferase Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) FXR Glucokinase GSNOR Gutathione S-transferase HCV Protease Hexokinase HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase HIV Integrase HIV Protease HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) HSP Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Lactate Dehydrogenase LXR MAGL Mineralocorticoid Receptor Mitochondrial Metabolism MMP Nampt NEDD8-activating Enzyme Neprilysin PAI-1 PDHK PGC-1α Phosphatase Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Phospholipase Procollagen C Proteinase Proteasome Pyruvate Kinase RAR/RXR Renin ROR Ser/Thr Protease SGK Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Thrombin Tryptophan Hydroxylase Tyrosinase Xanthine Oxidase
Neuronal Signaling >
5-HT Receptor AChE Adenosine Kinase Amyloid-β Beta-secretase CaMK CGRP Receptor COMT Dopamine Receptor Dopamine Transporter FAAH GABA Receptor GlyT iGluR Imidazoline Receptor mAChR Melatonin Receptor Monoamine Oxidase nAChR Neurokinin Receptor Opioid Receptor Serotonin Transporter γ-secretase
NF-κB >
NF-κB IKK Keap1-Nrf2 MALT1
PI3K/Akt/mTOR >
Akt AMPK ATM/ATR DNA-PK GSK-3 MELK mTOR PDK-1 PI3K PI4K PIKfyve PTEN
PROTAC >
PROTAC E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugate Ligand for E3 Ligase PROTAC Linker PROTAC-linker Conjugate for PAC
Protein Tyrosine Kinase/RTK >
Ack1 ALK Bcr-Abl BMX Kinase Btk c-Fms c-Kit c-Met/HGFR Discoidin Domain Receptor DYRK EGFR Ephrin Receptor FAK FGFR FLT3 IGF-1R Insulin Receptor IRAK Itk PDGFR PKA Pyk2 ROS Src Syk TAM Receptor Trk Receptor VEGFR
Stem Cell/Wnt >
Casein Kinase ERK Gli GSK-3 Hedgehog Hippo (MST) JAK Notch Oct3/4 PKA Porcupine ROCK sFRP-1 Smo STAT TGF-beta/Smad Wnt YAP β-catenin γ-secretase
TGF-beta/Smad >
TGF-beta/Smad PKC ROCK TGF-β Receptor
Vitamin D Related >
VD/VDR
Others >
Androgen Receptor Aromatase Estrogen Receptor/ERR Progesterone Receptor Thyroid Hormone Receptor Others

Xanthine oxidase-IN-7

Xanthine oxidase-IN-7 (compound1h) is a potent andorally active XO (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.36 µM. Xanthine oxidase-IN-7 effectively reduces serum uric acid levels. Xanthine oxidase-IN-7 has the potential for the research of hyperuricemia and gout[1].

  • CAS Number: 2411698-59-2
  • MF: C16H14N4O2
  • MW: 294.31
  • Catalog: Xanthine Oxidase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Allopurinol Sodium

Allopurinol sodium is a potent xanthine oxidase inhibitor (IC50 values of 0.2 to 50 μM). Allopurinol sodium can be used for the research of hyperuricemia and gout. Antileishmanial effect[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 17795-21-0
  • MF: C5H3N4NaO
  • MW: 158.09300
  • Catalog: Xanthine Oxidase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Xanthine oxidase-IN-9

Xanthine oxidase-IN-9 (Icarisids E) (Compound 2) is a potent xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibitor with an IC50 of 31.81 μM[1].

  • CAS Number: 2571069-61-7
  • MF: C38H50O20
  • MW: 826.79
  • Catalog: Xanthine Oxidase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Xanthine oxidoreductase-IN-4

Xanthine oxidoreductase-IN-4 is an orally active xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) inhibitor. Xanthine oxidoreductase-IN-4 has inhibitory activity against XOR with an IC50 value of 29.3 nM. Xanthine oxidoreductase-IN-4 can be used for the research of hyperuricemia[1].

  • CAS Number: 1026587-58-5
  • MF: C16H15N5O2
  • MW: 309.32
  • Catalog: Xanthine Oxidase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Topiroxostat-d4

Topiroxostat-d4 is deuterium labeled Topiroxostat. Topiroxostat (FYX-051) is a potent and orally active xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 5.3 nM and a Ki value of 5.7 nM. Topiroxostat exhibits weak CYP3A4-inhibitory activity (18.6%). Topiroxostat has the potential for hyperuricemia treatment[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 2732868-49-2
  • MF: C13H4D4N6
  • MW: 252.27
  • Catalog: Cytochrome P450
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ellagic acid 4-O-β-D-xylopyranoside

Ellagic acid 4-O-β-D-xylopyranoside is a natural ellagitannin with antimicrobial activity. Ellagic acid 4-O-β-D-xylopyranoside is an Xanthine Oxidase inhibitor with an 50 of 2.1 μg/mL[1].

  • CAS Number: 139163-18-1
  • MF: C19H14O12
  • MW: 434.30700
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: 2.007g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 899.7ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 325.2ºC

Aurantiamide benzoate

Aurantiamide benzoate is a nature product that could be isolated from two tropical medicinal plants, Cunila spicata and Hyptis fasciculata. Aurantiamide benzoate is a potent xanthine oxidase inhiobitor with an IC50 value of 70 μM[1].

  • CAS Number: 150881-02-0
  • MF: C32H30N2O4
  • MW: 506.592
  • Catalog: Xanthine Oxidase
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 777.4±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 424.0±32.9 °C

Xanthine oxidoreductase-IN-5

Xanthine oxidoreductase-IN-5 is an orally active xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 55 nM. Xanthine oxidoreductase-IN-5 can be used for the research of acute hyperuricemia[1].

  • CAS Number: 1026652-90-3
  • MF: C17H17N5O2
  • MW: 323.35
  • Catalog: Xanthine Oxidase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

URAT1&XO inhibitor 2

URAT1&XO inhibitor 2 (Compound BDEO) is a dual inhibitor of xanthine oxidase and URAT1, with IC50 of 3.3 μM for xanthine oxidase. URAT1&XO inhibitor 2 blocks uptake of uric acid in HEK293 cells expressing URAT1, with a Ki value of 0.145 μM. URAT1&XO inhibitor 2 decreases serum urate level and uric acid excretion in hyperuricemic mice. URAT1&XO inhibitor 2 can be used for research of hyperuricemia[1].

  • CAS Number: 1239488-96-0
  • MF: C14H12BrNO3
  • MW: 322.15
  • Catalog: URAT1
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Phytic acid

Phytic acid is a major phosphorus storage compound of most seeds and cereal grains.

  • CAS Number: 83-86-3
  • MF: C6H18O24P6
  • MW: 660.04
  • Catalog: Xanthine Oxidase
  • Density: 2.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 1190.7±75.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 673.9±37.1 °C

Baicalein

Baicalein (5,6,7-Trihydroxyflavone) is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 3.12 mM.

  • CAS Number: 491-67-8
  • MF: C15H10O5
  • MW: 270.237
  • Catalog: Xanthine Oxidase
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 575.9±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 256-271 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 225.3±23.6 °C

Febuxostat

Febuxostat(TEI 6720;TMX 67 ) is selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor with Ki of 0.6 nM.IC50 value: 0.6 nM (Ki) [1]Target: xanthine oxidasein vitro: Febuxostat displays potent mixed-type inhibition of the activity of purified bovine milk xanthine oxidase, with Ki and Ki' values of 0.6 nM and 3.1 nM respectively, indicating inhibition of both the oxidized and reduced forms of xanthine oxidase [1]. in vivo: Febuxostat (5–6 mg/kg/day) combined with fructose significantly lowers blood pressure, UA, triglycerides, and insulin in rats compared with fructose alone. Febuxostat (5–6 mg/kg/day) combined with fructose also reduces glomerular pressure, renal vasoconstriction, and afferent arteriolar area in rats compared with fructose alone [2]. Febuxostat prevents hyperuricemia in 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 Nx)+oxonic acid (OA)+Febuxostat(Fx) rats and ameliorates proteinuria, preserves renal function and prevents glomerular hypertension in both 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 Nx)+vehicle (V)+Febuxostat(Fx) and 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 Nx)+oxonic acid (OA)+Febuxostat(Fx) groups [3]. Febuxostat (5 mg/kg/d by gavage for 8 days) treatment after transverse aortic constriction (TAC) attenuates the TAC-induced left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and dysfunction. Febuxostat blunts the TAC-induced increases in nitrotyrosine (indicating reduced myocardial oxidative stress), p-Erk(Thr202/Tyr204), and p-mTOR(Ser2488), with no effect on total Erk or total mTOR [4].

  • CAS Number: 144060-53-7
  • MF: C16H16N2O3S
  • MW: 316.375
  • Catalog: Xanthine Oxidase
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 536.6±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 238-239ºC
  • Flash Point: 278.3±32.9 °C

Allopurinol-d2

Allopurinol-d2 is deuterium labeled Allopurinol. Allopurinol is a potent xanthine oxidase inhibitor (IC50 values of 0.2 to 50 μM). Allopurinol can be used for the research of hyperuricemia and gout. Antileishmanial effect[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 916979-34-5
  • MF: C5H2D2N4O
  • MW: 138.12
  • Catalog: Xanthine Oxidase
  • Density: 1.92g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: >222°C
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 234.117°C

Xanthine oxidoreductase-IN-1

The compound is a xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) inhibitor with high inhibitory concentration, and the value of ic50 is 7.0 nm.

  • CAS Number: 2396612-00-1
  • MF: C18H20N4O2
  • MW: 324.38
  • Catalog: Xanthine Oxidase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Febuxostat D9

Febuxostat D9 is deuterium labeled Febuxostat, which is a selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor with Ki of 0.6 nM.

  • CAS Number: 1246819-50-0
  • MF: C16H7D9N2O3S
  • MW: 325.43000
  • Catalog: Xanthine Oxidase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Fraxamoside

Fraxamoside is a competitive xanthine oxidase inhibitor with an IC50 of 16.1 μM and a Ki of 0.9 μM[1].

  • CAS Number: 326594-34-7
  • MF: C25H30O13
  • MW: 538.50
  • Catalog: Xanthine Oxidase
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 825.8±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 277.9±27.8 °C