PCO371 is an orally active full agonist of parathyroid hormone receptor 1 (PTHR1), with no effect on PTH type 2 receptor.
[Glu4]-Oxytocin is an appropriate derivative of oxytocin for conducting a comprehensive investigation by a variety of methods of the conformation of “oxytocin-like” molecules in aqueous solution[1].
DL-Norepinephrine hydrochloride is a synthetic phenylethylamine that mimics the sympathomimetic actions of the endogenous norepinephrine．DL-Norepinephrine hydrochloride is a neurotransmitter targets α1 and β1 adrenoceptors, has an increasing effect on subendocardial oxygen tension[1].
Estradiol benzoate is a synthetic ester, is the first form of estrogen to be marketed.
FERb 033 is a selective and potent ERβ agonist (Ki=7.1 nM, EC50=4.8 nM). FERb 033 shows 62-fold selectivity over ERα[1].
N-Nitrosodicyclohexylamine (NDCHA) is a N-nitrosocompound with anti-androgenic activities. N-Nitrosodicyclohexylamine shows the competitive binding to androgen receptor (AR) against 5α-dihydrotestosterone and decreased the level of AR protein[1].
Alarelin acetate is a synthetic GnRH agonist.
L-Thyroxine (Levothyroxine; T4) is a synthetic hormone in the treatment of hypothyroidism. DIO enzymes convert biologically active thyroid hormone (Triiodothyronine,T3) from L-Thyroxine (T4).
cis-INCB3344 is the inactive isomer of INCB3344 (HY-50674), and can be used as an experimental control. INCB3344 is a potent, selective and orally bioavailable CCR2 antagonist with IC50 values of 5.1 nM (hCCR2) and 9.5 nM (mCCR2) in binding antagonism and 3.8 nM (hCCR2) and 7.8 nM (mCCR2) in antagonism of chemotaxis activity.
(Tyr36)-pTH-Related Protein (1-36) (human, mouse, rat) is a peptide and can be used as a parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptor ligand[1].
Olodanrigan (EMA401) sodium is a highly selective, orally active, peripherally restricted angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) antagonist. Olodanrigan sodium is under development as a neuropathic pain therapeutic agent. Olodanrigan sodium analgesic action appears to involve inhibition of augmented AngII/AT2R induced p38 and p42/p44 MAPK activation, and hence inhibition of DRG neuron hyperexcitability and sprouting of DRG neurons[1][2][3][4].
Tetrahydroalstonine, a indole alkaloid isolated from the fruits of Rhazya stricta, is a selective alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist[1][2].
Threonyl-seryl-lysine, a bovine pineal antireproductive tripeptide, has antigonadotropic activity. Threonyl-seryl-lysine binds to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) at a site comprised of LHRH 2-5[1][3].
L-368,899 is an orally active and selective OT (oxytocin ) receptor antagonist, with IC50s of 8.9 and 26 nM for uterus of rat and human, respectively. L-368,899 can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). L-368,899 inhibits oxytocin-stimulated uterine contractions in rats and can be used in study of preterm labor[1][2][3].
Cinnarizine D8 is a deuterium labeled Cinnarizine. Cinnarizine is an antihistamine and a calcium channel blocker.
Olodaterol (BI1744) hydrochloride is a selective, long acting β2-adrenoceptor (β2-AR) agonist (EC50=0.1 nM and pKi= 9.14 for human β2-adrenoceptor, respectively). Olodaterol can be used for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary fibrosis[1][2][3].
Estradiol 17-(β-D-Glucuronide) sodium, a metabolite of estrogen, is well known to cause intrahepatic cholestasis in humans[1].
Mezilamine is a potent antidopaminergic agent. Mezilamine induces a concentration dependent increase in the electrically stimulated overflow of 3H-noradrenaline from rat cortical slices, without affecting the basal overflow. Mezilamine acts as a presynaptic α-adrenoceptor antagonist and a postsynaptic α-adrenoceptor agonist[1].
AL 082D06 is a selective, nonsteroidal glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist with Ki of 210 nM.
Ivacaftor-d18 is the deuterium labeled Ivacaftor[1]. Ivacaftor (VX-770) is a potent and orally bioavailable CFTR potentiator, targeting G551D-CFTR and F508del-CFTR with EC50s of 100 nM and 25 nM, respectively[2].
Tamsulosin is a selective α1 receptor antagonist.Target: α1 receptorTamsulosin is a selective α1 receptor antagonist that has preferential selectivity for the α1A receptor in the prostate versus the α1B receptor in the blood vessels. Tamsulosin-treated patients had a 0.30-fold lower risk of developing acute urinary retention compared with control patients. None of the International Continence Society male questionnaire domain scores showed significant changes between the groups [1]. tamsulosin can be recommended for treating men after catheterization for AUR, and can reduce the likelihood of the need for re-catheterization [2].
Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) is a potent second messenger for calcium mobilization that is synthesized from NAD+ by a ADP-ribosyl cyclase. Cyclic ADP-ribose increases cytosolic calcium mainly by Ryanodine receptor-mediated release from endoplasmic reticulum and also by extracellular influx through the opening of TRPM2 channels[1].
Raloxifene 6-glucuronide is a primary metabolite of Raloxifene. Raloxifene 6-glucuronide is mediated mostly by UGT1A1 and UGT1A8. Raloxifene 6-glucuronide binds to estrogen receptor with an IC50 of 290 μM. Raloxifene is a selective and nonsteroidal estrogen receptor modulator. Raloxifene activates TGFβ3 promoter as a full agonist at nanomolar concentrations, and inhibits the estrogen response element-containing vitellogenin promoter expression[1][2][3].
Phospholipase D (PLD) is an enzyme of the phospholipase superfamily, which widely exists in bacteria, yeast, plants, animals and viruses, and is often used in biochemical research. Phospholipase D can catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds in glycerophospholipids to produce phosphatidic acid and soluble choline. Phospholipase D is involved in a variety of disease-related processes, including diabetes, atherogenesis, obesity, tumorigenesis, immune response, and neuroendocrine function[1].
RU 58841 (PSK-3841) is a specific androgen receptor antagonist or anti-androgen. RU 58841 (PSK-3841) has a dramatic effect on hair regrowth.
RS100329 hydrochloride is a potent and selective α1A-adrenoceptor antagonist with pKi values of 9.6, 7.9 and 7.5 for α1A, α1D, and α1B, respectively. RS100329 hydrochloride inhibits reflex urethral contractions. RS100329 hydrochloride can be used in research of benign prostatic hyperplasia[1][2].
Estrogen receptor modulator 8 (compound 4) is an orally active inhibitor of Estrogen Receptor/ERR α (IC50=0.437 nM, MCF-7 cells). Estrogen receptor modulator 8 inhibits MCF-7 cells proliferation with an IC50 value of 0.1 nM[1].
Cortisol sulfate sodium (Cortisol 21-sulfate) is a metabolite of Cortisol (HY-N0583). Cortisol sulfate sodium is a specific ligand for intracellular transcortin[1][2][3].
(Tyr0)-Urocortin, rat is a high-affinity agonist of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type 1 (CRF-R1) and type 2 (CRF-R2). (Tyr0)-Urocortin, rat shows inhibitory binding constants (Ki) of 1-2 nM[1].
Dobutamine is a synthetic catecholamine that acts on α1-AR, β1-AR, β2-AR (α-1, β-1 andβ-2 adrenoceptors). Dobutamine is a selective β1-AR agonist, relatively weak activity at α1-AR and β2-AR. Dobutamine can increase cardiac output and correct hypoperfusion[1][2][3][4].