hACC2-IN-1 is a potent acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2) inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 2.5 μM (hACC2). hACC2-IN-1 could be used for obesity research[1].
GLX351322 is an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase 4, and inhibits hydrogen peroxide production from NOX4-overexpressing cells with an IC50 of 5 μ M.
Ganoderol A is a terpenoid extracted from Ganoderma lucidum with antimicrobial activities. Ganoderol A inhibits cholesterol synthesis pathway and has significant anti-inflammatory activity and protection against ultraviolet A (UVA) damage[1][2].
(β-Asp28)-Exenatide is a potential degradation product of exenatide produced by the formation and cleavage of asparagine.
Beta Carotene is an organic compound and classified as a terpenoid. It is a precursor (inactive form) of vitamin A.Target: OthersBeta Carotene is a strongly colored red-orange pigment abundant in plants and fruits.β-Carotene is biosynthesized from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. It is a member of the carotenes, which are tetraterpenes, synthesized biochemically from eight isoprene units and thus having 40 carbons. Among this general class of carotenes, β-carotene is distinguished by having beta-rings at both ends of the molecule. Absorption of β-carotene is enhanced if eaten with fats, as carotenes are fat soluble [1, 2].
H-Val-Pro-Pro-OH, a milk-derived proline peptides derivative, is an inhibitor of Angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE), with an IC50 of 9 μM.
BDC2.5 mimotope 1040-51 is a mimotope peptide for diabetogenic T cell clone BDC2.5. isolated from non-obese diabetic mice[1].
Dibenzyl disulfide is an endogenous metabolite.
ELOVL6-IN-1 is a potent, orally active and selective ELOVL6 inhibitor. ELOVL6-IN-1 dose-dependently inhibits mouse ELOVL6 activities, with an IC50 value of 0.350 μM. ELOVL6-IN-1 inhibits ELOVL6 in a noncompetitive manner for malonyl-CoA (Ki=994 nM) and palmitoyl-CoA[1].
Allylthiourea is a metabolic inhibitor that selective inhibits ammonia oxidation.Target: OthersAllylthiourea selectively inhibits ammonia oxidation at concentrations 8-80 μM. Allylthiourea (1 μM)inhibits ammonia oxidation by 80%. Complete inhibition is observed at an Allylthiourea concentration of 86 μM [1]. The inhibition of Allylthiourea on ammonia oxidation probably acts through chelating the copper of the ammonia monooxygenase active site. Allylthiourea is able to produce soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO) in the presence of copper. Addition of 25 μM Allylthiourea decreases intracellular copper by 48% in Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b, allowing sMMO production at Cu/biomass ratios normally not permitting sMMO synthesis, which achieves a plateau of 320 μmol naphthol formed per gram dry biomass per hour [2].
4-IPP (4-Iodo-6-phenylpyrimidine) is a specific suicide substrate and irreversible inhibitor of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)[1].
Ivosidenib (AG-120) is a mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 12 nM for mouse IDH1R132H.
Sodium 2-hydroxybutanoate-d3 is the deuterium labeled Sodium 2-hydroxybutanoate[1]. Sodium 2-hydroxybutanoate is an endogenous metabolite.
Beauverolide Ka, a cyclotetradepsipeptide, is a metabolite of Beauveria bassiana fungus. Beauverolide Ka stimulates glucose uptake in cultured rat L6 myoblasts at 50 μM. Beauverolide Ka exhibits protecting effects on HEI-OC1 cells at 10 μM and shows dose-dependent activity in both L6 myoblasts and myotubes[1][2].
DL-alanine, an amino acid, is the racemic compound of L- and D-alanine. DL-alanine is employed both as a reducing and a capping agent, used with silver nitrate aqueous solutions for the production of nanoparticles. DL-alanine can be used for the research of transition metals chelation, such as Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(11). DL-alanine, a sweetener, is classed together with glycine, and sodium saccharin. DL-alanine plays a key role in the glucose-alanine cycle between tissues and liver[1][2][3][4][5][6].
1,11b-Dihydro-11b-hydroxymaackiain, a pterocarpane extract from the stems of Erycibe expansa, show a hepatoprotective effect[1].
MAGL-IN-5 is a non-selective lipase inhibitor with IC50 values of 144, 90, and 14 nM for human recombinant monoacylglycerol lipase(MAGL),hormone sensitive lipase(HSL), and fatty acid amide hydrolase(FAAH) respectively[1][2].
AMG-221 is an inhibitor of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) with a Ki of 12.8 nM in vitro biochemical scintillation proximity assay (SPA) and an IC50 of 10.1 nM in cell-based assays[1][2]. AMG-221 can be used for the research of type 2 diabetes[3].
Pioglitazone D4 (U 72107 D4) is a deuterium labeled Pioglitazone. Pioglitazone (U 72107) is a potent and selective PPARγ agonist with high affinity binding to the PPARγ ligand-binding domain with EC50 of 0.93 and 0.99 μM for human and mouse PPARγ, respectively[1].
BACE2-IN-1 (compound 3l) is a highly selective BACE2 inhibitor with a Ki value of 1.6 nM. BACE2 inhibitors can be used to research of Type 2 Diabetes[1].
Zopolrestat (CP73850) is a potent, orally active aldose reductase (AR) inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.1 nM. Zopolrestat is used for the research of diabetic complications[1].
DPP-4-IN-1 (compound d1) is a potent DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4) inhibitor, with an IC50of 49 nM. DPP-4-IN-1 is a structurally analogs of Alogliptin (HY-A0023A). DPP-4-IN-1 can be used for diabetes research[1].
(R)-tert-OMe-byakangelicin is a kind of furanocoumarin, which has inhibitory activity to liver drug metabolizing enzyme (DME) activity. (R)-tert-OMe-byakangelicin can be isolated from immature fruits of Angelica sinensis[1][2].
(-)-Fucose-13C-3 is the 13C labeled (-)-Fucose. (-)-Fucose is classified as a member of the hexoses, plays a role in A and B blood group antigen substructure determination, selectin-mediated leukocyte-endothelial adhesion, and host-microbe interacti[
Indole-3-carboxylic acid is a normal urinary indolic tryptophan metabolite and has been found elevated in patients with liver diseases[1][2].
Epalrestat is an aldose reductase inhibitor for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy.Target: Aldose ReductaseEpalrestat may affect or delay progression of the underlying disease process. Data from six clinical trials were evaluated, and it was determined that epalrestat 50 mg 3 times/day may improve motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity and subjective neuropathy symptoms as compared with baseline and placebo. Epalrestat may serve as a new therapeutic option to prevent or slow the progression of diabetic neuropathy [1]. Epalrestat significantly increased the amplitude of 3 cpm waves on EGG and improved the spectral analytical parameters of heart rate variability. These findings suggest that epalrestat is useful for the treatment of diabetic gastroparesis [2]. Epalrestat is a highly effective and safe agent for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy [3].
Didesmethylsibutramine (BTS 54-505) hydrochloride is the primary amine metabolite of Sibutramine (antidepressant and anti-obesity agent). Didesmethylsibutramine hydrochloride inhibits NMDA-evoked activity. Didesmethylsibutramine hydrochloride is also a reuptake inhibitor. Didesmethylsibutramine hydrochloride induces thermogenesis[1][2].
(D-Asp28)-Exenatide is an Exenatide (HY-13443) impurity. Exenatide is a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist[1].
Methyclothiazide is an orally active antihypertensive agent and a diuretic agent. Methyclothiazide leads to a reduction of the vascular response to the action of endogenous vasoconstricting stimuli, such as Norepinephrine (HY-13715). Methyclothiazide is against voltage-dependent Ca-channel (VDCC) activity in vitro[1][2][3].
nor-NOHA (Nω-Hydroxy-nor-L-arginine) monoacetate is a potent and selective arginase inhibitor. nor-NOHA monoacetate inhibits rat liver arginase with a Ki of 0.5 µM[1].