L-Ascorbic acid is an effective reducing agent and donor antioxidant.
Calcium L-Threonate is an anti-osteoporosis agent, and widely used as a calcium supplement[1]. Calcium L-Threonate also stimulates the uptake of ascorbic acid[2].
D-Tagatose-13C-1 is the 13C labeled D-Tagatose. D-Tagatose (D-(-)-Tagatose) is a rare monosaccharide found in nature with prebiotic characteristics. D-Tagatose is as a substitute for sucrose and a low-calorie sweetener in foodstuffs such as gum, fruit jui
Alogliptin benzoate(SYR 322) is a potent, selective inhibitor of DPP-4 with IC50 of <10 nM, exhibits greater than 10,000-fold selectivity over DPP-8 and DPP-9.IC50 value: <10 nMTarget: DPP4Alogliptin is an orally administered, anti-diabetic drug in the DPP-4 inhibitor class. A randomized clinical trial reporting in 2011 aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of alogliptin versus placebo and voglibose among newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes patients in Japan. The main outcome indicated that alogliptin was statistically superior to both comparitors. A randomized clinical trial reporting in 2012 aimed to demonstrate that alogliptin was "non-inferior" to a "very low fat/calorie traditional Japanese diet" among newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes patients in Japan. The outcome indicated that both the drug and dietary treatments comparably impacted indicators of the diabetic condition, such as HbA1c levels and glycemic efficacy. The drug treatment had its impact without changing body mass index (BMI), but the dietary treatment was accompanied by a significant reduction in the BMI…
(22S,23S)-Homobrassinolide is one of the most active brassinosteroids in inducing plant growth in various plant bioassay systems. (22S,23S)-Homobrassinolide shows Akt-dependent anabolic activity in rat skeletal muscle cells. Orally active[1].
GLP-1R agonist 12 (Compound 123) is an agonist of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors (GLP-1R). GLP-1R agonist 12 can be used for diabetes research[1].
AMG 837 sodium salt is a potent GPR40 agonist(EC50=13 nM) with a superior pharmacokinetic profile and robust glucose-dependent stimulation of insulin secretion in rodents.IC50 value: 13 nM (EC50) [1]Target: GPR40 agonistAMG 837 displayed the expected two-fold increase in potency on GPR4 (EC50 = 13 [±7] nM) compared to the racemic compound and its activity crossed over to the rat and mouse forms of GPR40 (EC50 = 23 and 13 nM, respectively). AMG 837 was found to be a partial agonist on GPR40 with maximal activity 85% of that shown by DHA under our standard assay conditions. AMG 837 is a highly potent stimulator of insulin secretion in MIN6 cells with an EC50 comparable to that seen in the aequorin Ca2+-flux assay. showedno significant activity in cell-based assays against PPARα, δ, and γ. An external panel of 64 receptors also revealed no significant activity with the exception of weak inhibition (IC50 = 3 uM) on the a2-adrenergic receptor. Overall, AMG 837 was both highly potentand selective in vitro.
Ganirelix is a competitive and selective gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist. Ganirelix prevents endogenous GnRH from inducing luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone relea[1].
LG 82-4-01 is a thromboxane (TX) synthetase specific inhibitor, with an IC50 of 1.3 μM[1].
Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (Ethyl protocatechuate), an antioxidant, is a prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitor found in the testa of peanut seeds. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate protects myocardium by activating NO synthase and generating mitochondrial ROS. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate induces cell autophagy and apoptosis in ESCC cells. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate is a collagen synthesis inhibitor and has a bone protecting-effect[1][2][3][4].
Kaempferol 3-sophoroside-7-glucoside is a bioactive component in roasted Lycium chinense leaves with anti-obesity activity[1].
Octacosanoic acid is a very long-chain saturated fatty acid. It is the major component of D-003, a mixture of very long-chain aliphatic acids purified from sugar cane wax that has antiplatelet and cholesterol-lowering activities in animal models[1].
AC-262536 is a selective and non-steroidal androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) with beneficial anabolic effects. AC-262536 exhibits potent agonist activity at the androgen receptor, with an affinity in the low nanomolar range (1-10 nM)[1].
Repaglinide(AG-EE 623ZW) is a carbamoylmethyl benzoic acid (CMBA) derivative, which recently has become available for the treatment of type II diabetes. IC50 value:Target: Repaglinide is very rapidly absorbed (tmax less than 1 hour) with a t1/2 of less than one hour. Furthermore, repaglinide is inactivated in the liver and more than 90 % excreted via the bile. Repaglinide (1 mg/kg p.o.) was effective (P < 0.001) as an insulin-releasing agent in a rat model (low-dose streptozotocin) of type 2 diabetes.
Emiglitate (BAY o 1248) is a potent, selective and competitive inhibitor of α-glucoside hydrolase.
Minocycline is an orally active, potent and BBB-penetrated semi-synthetic tetracycline antibiotic. Minocycline is a hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α inhibitor. Minocycline shows anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and glutamate antagonist effects. Minocycline reduces glutamate neurotransmission and shows neuroprotective properties and antidepressant effects. Minocycline inhibits bacterial protein synthesis through binding with the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, resulting in a bacteriostatic effect[1][2][3][4][5][6][7].
Ongericimab (JS002) is a humanized anti-PCSK9 monoclonal antibody. Ongericimab has lipid-lowering efficacy. Ongericimab can be used in research of hypercholesteremia and hyperlipidemia[1].
Palmitoyl dipeptide-7 is a bioactive peptide with anti-aging effects that has been reported for use as a cosmetic ingredient.
FKGK18 (FKGK18) is a potent, selective inhibitor of iPLA2 (group VIA Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2) with IC50 of 50 nM; displays 195 and >455 times more potent for GVIA iPLA(2) than for GIVA cPLA(2) and GV sPLA(2); inhibits Ca2+-independent PLA2 activity in a concentration-dependent manner, similar to S-BEL, which preferentially inhibits cytosol-associated iPLA2β; FKGK18 a valuable tool to explore the role of GVIA iPLA(2) in cells and in vivo models.
Caprooyl-tetrapeptide-3 acetate is used for fine lines and wrinkle reduction. Caprooyl-tetrapeptide-3 acetate stimulates the expression of collagen VII and laminin-5 in a model of corticoid-induced skin ageing[1].
Spermidine-d6 is the deuterium labeled Spermidine[1]. Spermidine maintains cell membrane stability, increases antioxidant enzymes activities, improving photosystem II (PSII), and relevant gene expression. Spermidine significantly decreases the H2O2 and O2.- contents[2].
Ac-β-Ala-OH (N-Acetyl-β-alanine), an abnormal amino acid metabolite, is a mono-N-protected amino acid (MPAA) ligand[1].
(+)-Magnoflorine (Magnoflorine) is an aporphine alkaloid found in Acoruscalamus, with anti-fungal activity, reduces the formation of C. albicans’ biofilm[1]. Anti-antidiabeticand anti-oxidative activity[2].
8-NH2-ATP, an inactive form of ATP, is produced by 8-NH2-Ado. 8-NH2-Ado is reported to be potent as shown by induction of apoptosis-related cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase[1][2].
Dimethyl biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate (Biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate) is a hepatoprotectant obtained from Schizandra fructus and may induce a signal transduction similar to that associated with IFN[1].
Pirenoxine (Catalin K) is a potent antioxidant. Pirenoxine shows anti-presbyopic activity. Pirenoxine has the potential for the research of cataracts[1][2].
3-Indolepropionic acid is shown to be a powerful antioxidant and has potential in the treatment for Alzheimer’s disease.
ADAMTS-5-IN-3 (Example 37-2) is a potent inhibitor of ADAMTS-5 and ADAMTS-4 with IC50s of 8 and 12 nM, respectively. ADAMTS-5-IN-3 can be used for the research of diseases involving degradation of cartilage or disruption of cartilage homeostasis, in particular osteoarthrosis and/or rheumatoid arthritis[1].
Taspoglutide is a long-acting glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist developed for treatment of type 2 diabetes, with an EC50 value of 0.06 nM.
Bisacodyl is a stimulant laxative drug that works directly on the colon to produce a bowel movement.Target: OthersBisacodyl is an organic compound that is used as a stimulant laxative drug. Bisacodyl (20 mg/kg) results in a decrease in AQP3 protein expression and increased mRNA expression level of TNF-α in the colon of rats [1]. Bisacodyl inhibits water absorption in rat jejunum, ileum, and colon, the degree of inhibition is linearly related to the logarithm of the bisacodyl concentration over the range of 0.05 mg to 2.0 mg per 100 mL [2]. Bisacodyl (10 mg/kg, intragastrically) induces a significant decrease in jejunal NOS activity in rats. Bisacodyl (10 mg/kg, intragastrically) increases the distance traveled by the marker in all time periods [3]. Bisacodyl (5.9 mg/kg) decreases significantly jejunal and colonic (Na + K) ATPase activity as compared to saline-treated rats. Bisacodyl (5.9 mg/kg) increases significantly jejunal and colonic PGE2 content and stimulates jejunal and colonic adenyl cyclase activity as compared to those in control rats without affecting cAMP content [4]. Bisacodyl (4.3 mg/kg) coupled with AOM increases the number of crypt per focus, but not the number of tumors in rats. Bisacodyl (43 mg/kg) significantly increases the number of crypt per focus and tumors in rats [5].