p-Hydroxycinnamic acid, a common dietary phenol, could inhibit platelet activity, with IC50s of 371 μM, 126 μM for thromboxane B2 production and lipopolysaccharide-induced prostaglandin E2 generation, respectively.
Ibotenic acid has agonist activity at both the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and trans-ACPD or metabolotropic quisqualate (Qm) receptor sites.
Chenodeoxycholic Acid is a hydrophobic primary bile acid that activates nuclear receptors (FXR) involved in cholesterol metabolism.
Myristic acid is a saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils.
(R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid is a metabolite, and converted from acetoacetic acid catalyzed by 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase.
Nicotinuric acid is an acyl glycine. Nicotinuric acid is a metabolite of nicotinic acid.
Elaidic acid is the major trans fat found in hydrogenated vegetable oils and can be used as a pharmaceutical solvent.
Octanoic acid is an oily liquid with a slightly unpleasant rancid taste and used commercially in the production of esters used in perfumery and also in the manufacture of dyes.
3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acid is a neurotoxin, an acidogen, and a metabotoxin, and also an abnormal metabolite that arises from the incomplete breakdown of branched-chain amino acids.
3-Methoxybenzoic acid can be used in the synthesis of 3-methoxybenzoates of europium (III) and gadolinium (III).
3-Hydroxycapric acid is an inhibitor for mitotic progression.
trans-Aconitic acid is present in normal human urine, and it has been suggested that is present in larger amounts with Reye's syndrome and organic aciduria. trans-Aconitic acid is a substrate of enzyme trans-aconitate 2-methyltransferase.
2-Methoxybenzoic acid is used as an internal standard of salicylic acid and its putative biosynthetic precursors in cucumber leaves. Another known use is in the synthesis of Benextramine.
Pentadecylic acid is a saturated fatty acid with a 15-carbon backbone.
Homovanillic acid is a dopamine metabolite found to be associated with aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency, celiac disease, growth hormone deficiency, and sepiapterin reductase deficiency.
Adipic acid is found to be associated with HMG-CoA lyase deficiency, carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency, malonyl-Coa decarboxylase deficiency, and medium Chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, which are inborn errors of metabolism.
Lauric acid is a middle chain-free fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties. The EC50s for P. acnes, S.aureus, S. epidermidis, are 2, 6, 4 μg/mL, respectively.
4-Pyridoxic acid is a catabolic product of vitamin B6 which is excreted in the urine.
Taurine is an organic acid widely distributed in animal tissues.Target: OthersTaurine is a major constituent of bile and can be found in the large intestine and accounts for approximately 0.1% of total human body weight [1]. Taurine is present in high concentration in algae and in the animals including insects and arthropods, but is generally absent or present in traces in the bacterial and plant kingdoms [2]. In cardiac tissue alone, taurine levels of 20 mM or higher may be found. Taurine availability protects against cholestasis induced by monohydroxy bile acids remains confined to guinea pigs [3]. Oral supplementation of taurine results in increased plasma taurine concentrations and is associated with normalization of left ventricular function in both groups of cats. Myocardial concentrations of taurine are directly related to plasma concentrations and low plasma concentrations are found to be associated with myocardial failure in cats, proposing a direct link occurs between decreased taurine concentration in the myocardium and decreased myocardial mechanical function [4].
Xanthurenic acid is a putative endogenous Group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist, on sensory transmission in the thalamus.
Dodecanedioic acid (C12) is a dicarboxylic acid which is a water-soluble substance with a metabolic pathway intermediate to those of lipids and carbohydrates.
Dehydroascorbic acid, a blood-brain barrier transportable form of vitamin C, mediates potent cerebroprotection in experimental stroke.
Mevalonic acid is a dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid and precursor in the biosynthetic pathway known as the mevalonate pathway, which produces terpenes and steroids that are vital for diverse cellular functions.
Valproic acid sodium salt is an anticonvulsants used to treat epilepsy, bipolar disorder and migraines. Valproic acid inhibits histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) with an IC50 of 0.4 mM.
Hexadecanedioic acid is covalently linked to Sepharose 4B, shows better performance in terms of specificity than dye-based resins and could be used for depletion of SA from plasma samples.
L-Palmitoylcarnitine is a fatty acid metabolite.
p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde is a one of the major components in Dendrocalamus asper bamboo shoots, with antagonistic effect on GABAA receptor of the α1β2γ2S subtype at high concentrations.
(S)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid is a normal human metabolite, that has been found elevated in geriatric patients remitting from depression. In humans, 3-Hydroxybutyric acid is synthesized in the liver from acetyl-CoA, and can be used as an energy source by the brain when blood glucose is low.
4-Aminobenzoic acid is an intermediate in the synthesis of folate by bacteria, plants, and fungi.
Asarylaldehyde is a natural COX-2 inhibitor, which isolated from carrot (Daucus carota L.) seeds significantly inhibits cyclooxygenase II (COX-2) activity at IC50 value 100 μg/mL.