Oleic acid is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid.
2-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is a potential biomarker for the food products, and found to be associated with phenylketonuria (PKU).
2-Oxobutanoic acid is a product in the enzymatic cleavage of cystathionine.
Pentanoic acid, a short-chain fatty acid, is a product of bacterial metabolism and are associated with allergic skin disorders. Pentanoic acid activates ROCK signaling pathway.
2-Hydroxyadipic acid is an organic acid, formed by the reduction of 2-ketoadipic acid.
D-(-)-Lactic acid is a normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar.
m-Coumaric acid is a polyphenol metabolite from caffeic acid, formed by the gut microflora and the amount in human biofluids is diet-dependant.
3-Hydroxydodecanoic acid is a medium-chain fatty acid associated with fatty acid metabolic disorders.
Anacardic Acid, extracted from cashew nut shell liquid, is a histone acetyltransferase inhibitor, inhibits HAT activity of p300 and PCAF, with IC50s of ∼8.5 μM and ∼5 μM, respectively.
Myristic acid is a saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils.
(R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid is a metabolite, and converted from acetoacetic acid catalyzed by 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase.
(S)-b-aminoisobutyric acid is a non-protein amino acid originating from the catabolism of thymine and valine.
Citric acid trilithium salt tetrahydrate is a pharmaceutical and construction material, used in HPLC gradient elution for quantitative amino acid analysis.
Nicotinuric acid is an acyl glycine. Nicotinuric acid is a metabolite of nicotinic acid.
2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a derivative of benzoic and a powerful inhibitor of fibroblast growth factors.
5-Amino-4-oxopentanoic acid is a non-protein amino acid that plays a rate-limiting role in heme biosynthesis.
Elaidic acid is the major trans fat found in hydrogenated vegetable oils and can be used as a pharmaceutical solvent.
Arachidonic acid is an essential fatty acid and a major constituent of biomembranes.
Octanoic acid is an oily liquid with a slightly unpleasant rancid taste and used commercially in the production of esters used in perfumery and also in the manufacture of dyes.
3,4-Dihydroxymandelic acid is a metabolite of norepinephrine.
H-Tyr(3-I)-OH is an effective tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor.
3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acid is a neurotoxin, an acidogen, and a metabotoxin, and also an abnormal metabolite that arises from the incomplete breakdown of branched-chain amino acids.
2-Oxo-3-phenylpropanoic acid is used in the synthesis of 3-phenyllactic acid (PLA) by lactate dehydrogenase.
Thyroxine sulfate is a thyroid hormone metabolite.
Lithocholic acid is a toxic secondary bile acid, causes intrahepatic cholestasis, has tumor-promoting activity.Target: OthersLithocholic acid has been used in a study to assess cholestasis and its action on several organs and tissues in rats. It has also been used in a study to investigate the regulation of hepatic phospholipid and bile acid homeostasis through SMAD3 activation by TGFβ. It has been implicated in human and experimental animal carcinogenesis. Preliminary in vitro research suggests that LCA selectively kills neuroblastoma cells, while sparing normal neuronal cells and is cytotoxic to numerous other malignant cell types at physiologically relevant concentrations.
Homogentisic acid is a specific metabolite in urine and serum, which is used for diagnosis of alkaptonuria.
3-Methoxybenzoic acid can be used in the synthesis of 3-methoxybenzoates of europium (III) and gadolinium (III).
5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid is the main metabolite of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (HMF) in the body and eliminated renally.
4-Guanidinobutanoic acid is a normal metabolite present in low concentrations.
3-Hydroxycapric acid is an inhibitor for mitotic progression.