Anti-infectives are drugs that can either kill an infectious agent or inhibit it from spreading. Anti-infectives include antibiotics and antibacterials, antifungals, antivirals and antiprotozoals.

Antibiotics specifically treat infections caused by bacteria, most commonly used types of antibiotics are: Aminoglycosides, Penicillins, Fluoroquinolones, Cephalosporins, Macrolides, and Tetracyclines. New other approaches such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) and antibacterial peptides have been considered as alternatives to kill bacteria.

The high rates of morbidity and mortality caused by fungal infections are associated with the current limited antifungal arsenal and the high toxicity of the compounds. The most common antifungal targets include fungal RNA synthesis and cell wall and membrane components, though new antifungal targets are being investigated.

Viral infections occur when viruses enter cells in the body and begin reproducing, often causing illness. Viruses are classified as DNA viruses or RNA viruses, RNA viruses include retroviruses, such as HIV, are prone to mutate. The currently available antiviral drugs target 4 main groups of viruses: herpes, hepatitis, HIV and influenza viruses. Drug resistance in the clinical utility of antiviral drugs has raised an urgent need for developing new antiviral drugs.

Antiprotozoal drugs are medicines that treat infections caused by protozoa. Of which, malaria remains a major world health problem following the emergence and spread of Plasmodium falciparum that is resistant to the majority of antimalarial drugs. At present, antimalarial discovery approaches have been studied, such as the discovery of antimalarials from natural sources, chemical modifications of existing antimalarials, the development of hybrid compounds, testing of commercially available drugs that have been approved for human use for other diseases and molecular modelling using virtual screening technology and docking.

References:
[1] Scorzoni L, et al. Front Microbiol. 2017 Jan 23;8:36.
[2] Dehghan Esmatabadi MJ, et al. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2017 Feb 28;63(2):40-48.
[3] Raymund R, et al. Mayo Clin Proc. 2011 Oct; 86(10):1009-1026.
[4] Aguiar AC, et al. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2012 Nov;107(7):831-45.


Anti-infection >
Arenavirus Bacterial CMV Enterovirus Filovirus Fungal HBV HCV HIV HSV Influenza Virus Parasite Reverse Transcriptase RSV SARS-CoV
Antibody-drug Conjugate >
ADC Cytotoxin ADC Linker Drug-Linker Conjugates for ADC PROTAC-linker Conjugate for PAC
Apoptosis >
Apoptosis Bcl-2 Family c-Myc Caspase DAPK Ferroptosis IAP MDM-2/p53 PKD RIP kinase Survivin Thymidylate Synthase TNF Receptor
Autophagy >
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JAK/STAT Signaling >
EGFR JAK Pim STAT
MAPK/ERK Pathway >
ERK JNK KLF MAP3K MAP4K MAPKAPK2 (MK2) MEK Mixed Lineage Kinase MNK p38 MAPK Raf Ribosomal S6 Kinase (RSK)
Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel >
ATP Synthase BCRP Calcium Channel CFTR Chloride Channel CRAC Channel CRM1 EAAT2 GABA Receptor GlyT HCN Channel iGluR Monoamine Transporter Monocarboxylate Transporter Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger Na+/HCO3- Cotransporter Na+/K+ ATPase nAChR NKCC P-glycoprotein P2X Receptor Potassium Channel Proton Pump SGLT Sodium Channel TRP Channel URAT1
Metabolic Enzyme/Protease >
15-PGDH 5 alpha Reductase 5-Lipoxygenase Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Acyltransferase Adenosine Deaminase Adenosine Kinase Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Aldose Reductase Aminopeptidase Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) ATGL ATP Citrate Lyase Carbonic Anhydrase Carboxypeptidase Cathepsin CETP COMT Cytochrome P450 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Dopamine β-hydroxylase E1/E2/E3 Enzyme Elastase Enolase FAAH FABP Factor Xa Farnesyl Transferase Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) FXR Glucokinase GSNOR Gutathione S-transferase HCV Protease Hexokinase HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase HIV Integrase HIV Protease HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) HSP Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Lactate Dehydrogenase LXR MAGL Mineralocorticoid Receptor Mitochondrial Metabolism MMP Nampt NEDD8-activating Enzyme Neprilysin PAI-1 PDHK PGC-1α Phosphatase Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Phospholipase Procollagen C Proteinase Proteasome Pyruvate Kinase RAR/RXR Renin ROR Ser/Thr Protease SGK Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Thrombin Tryptophan Hydroxylase Tyrosinase Xanthine Oxidase
Neuronal Signaling >
5-HT Receptor AChE Adenosine Kinase Amyloid-β Beta-secretase CaMK CGRP Receptor COMT Dopamine Receptor Dopamine Transporter FAAH GABA Receptor GlyT iGluR Imidazoline Receptor mAChR Melatonin Receptor Monoamine Oxidase nAChR Neurokinin Receptor Opioid Receptor Serotonin Transporter γ-secretase
NF-κB >
NF-κB IKK Keap1-Nrf2 MALT1
PI3K/Akt/mTOR >
Akt AMPK ATM/ATR DNA-PK GSK-3 MELK mTOR PDK-1 PI3K PI4K PIKfyve PTEN
PROTAC >
PROTAC E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugate Ligand for E3 Ligase PROTAC Linker PROTAC-linker Conjugate for PAC
Protein Tyrosine Kinase/RTK >
Ack1 ALK Bcr-Abl BMX Kinase Btk c-Fms c-Kit c-Met/HGFR Discoidin Domain Receptor DYRK EGFR Ephrin Receptor FAK FGFR FLT3 IGF-1R Insulin Receptor IRAK Itk PDGFR PKA Pyk2 ROS Src Syk TAM Receptor Trk Receptor VEGFR
Stem Cell/Wnt >
Casein Kinase ERK Gli GSK-3 Hedgehog Hippo (MST) JAK Notch Oct3/4 PKA Porcupine ROCK sFRP-1 Smo STAT TGF-beta/Smad Wnt YAP β-catenin γ-secretase
TGF-beta/Smad >
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VD/VDR
Others >
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Regavirumab

Regavirumab (MCA C23) is a human monoclonal antibody against cytomegalovirus (CMV), human serum albumin (HSA) and amino acetic acid[1].

  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

2',3'-Dideoxy-5-iodocytidine

2',3'-Dideoxy-5-iodocytidine is used for gene sequencing can be used as an antibiotic. 2',3'-Dideoxy-5-iodocytidine is particular effective against Mycobacterium[1].

  • CAS Number: 114748-57-1
  • MF: C9H12IN3O3
  • MW: 337.11400
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: 2.22±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted)
  • Boiling Point: 448.2±55.0 °C(Predicted)
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

DQBS

DQBS is an HIV-1 Nef function antagonist.

  • CAS Number: 372087-80-4
  • MF: C22H17ClN4O4S
  • MW: 468.91
  • Catalog: HIV
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Lipid X

Lipid X is a novel monosaccharide precursor of Lipid A (the active moiety of gram-negative endotoxin). Lipid X is protective against endotoxin administered to mice and sheep and against life-threatening gram-negative infections in mice[1].

  • CAS Number: 86559-73-1
  • MF: C34H66NO12P
  • MW: 711.86100
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

ethyl 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate

gp120-IN-2 (compound 4i) is a potent HIV-1 gp120 inhibitor with an IC50 of 7.5 µM and CC50 of 112.93 µM. gp120-IN-2 shows anti-HIV-1 activity. gp120-IN-2 shows cytotoxicity in a dose dependent manner in SUP-T1 cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 123629-42-5
  • MF: C15H18N2O5
  • MW: 306.31
  • Catalog: HIV
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Zndm19

Zndm19 is a New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) inhibitor. Zndm19 can be used for the research of drug-resistant bacterial infections[1].

  • CAS Number: 364055-05-0
  • MF: C13H13N3OS2
  • MW: 291.39
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Penicillin V potassium

Penicillin V Potassium is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections, is a penicillin that is orally active, acts by inhibiting the biosynthesis of cell-wall peptidoglycan.

  • CAS Number: 132-98-9
  • MF: C16H17KN2O5S
  • MW: 388.480
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: 1.40
  • Boiling Point: 681.4ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 197-202°C
  • Flash Point: 365.9ºC

G43-C3-TEG

G43-C3-TEG is a glycosyl-transferase inhibitor. G43-C3-TEG reduces the biofilm formation by decreasing the production of EPS (extracellular polysaccharides)[1].

  • CAS Number: 2702262-15-3
  • MF: C24H27N3O9S
  • MW: 533.55
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Sitafloxacin hydrate

Sitafloxacin Hydrate is a new-generation, broad-spectrum oral fluoroquinolone antibiotic.Target: AntibacterialSitafloxacin Hydrate, a new-generation, broad-spectrum oral fluoroquinolone that is very active against many Gram-positive, Gram-negative and anaerobic clinical isolates, including strains resistant to other fluoroquinolones, was recently approved in Japan for the treatment of respiratory and urinary tract infections [1]. In terms of clinical efficacy, oral sitafloxacin was noninferior to oral levofloxacin in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia or an infectious exacerbation of chronic respiratory tract disease, noninferior to oral tosufloxacin in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia, and noninferior to oral levofloxacin in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections, according to the results of randomized, double-blind, multicentre, noninferiority trials. Noncomparative studies demonstrated the efficacy of oral sitafloxacin in otorhinolaryngological infections, urethritis in men, C. trachomatis-associated cervicitis in women and odontogenic infections [2].

  • CAS Number: 163253-35-8
  • MF: C19H18ClF2N3O3.3/2H2O
  • MW: 436.84
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 629.2ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: 145-147°C (dec.)
  • Flash Point: 334.3ºC

Micronomicin

Micronomicin (Gentamicin C2b) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic, with antibacterial and bactericidal activities[1].

  • CAS Number: 52093-21-7
  • MF: C20H41N5O7
  • MW: 463.56900
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: 1.32g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 667.2ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 357.3ºC

(5ξ,18α)-3,22-Dihydroxyolean-12-en-29-oic acid

3α,22β-Dihydroxyolean-12-en-29-oic acid is a terpenoid isolated from Maytenus royleanus cufodontis. 3α,22β-Dihydroxyolean-12-en-29-oic acid shows antiproliferative activity for HeLa, PC-3 and HCCLM3 cell lines with an IC50 values of 32.64 µM, 9.09 µM and 6.9 µM, respectively[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 808769-54-2
  • MF: C30H48O4
  • MW: 472.700
  • Catalog: Fungal
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 584.1±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 321.1±26.6 °C

Dolutegravir (GSK1349572)

Dolutegravir is a second-generation HIV integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) with an IC50 of 2.7 nM.

  • CAS Number: 1051375-16-6
  • MF: C20H19F2N3O5
  • MW: 419.379
  • Catalog: HIV
  • Density: 1.53 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 669.0±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 358.4±31.5 °C

CTP 518(Atazanavir, deuterated)

Atazanavir-d15 is the d15 labled Atazanavir (HY-17367). Atazanavir is a selective HIV-1 protease inhibitor[1].

  • CAS Number: 1092540-56-1
  • MF: C38H37D15N6O7
  • MW: 719.95
  • Catalog: HIV
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Melittin (free acid) trifluoroacetate salt

Melittin free acid is a basic 26-amino-acid polypeptide, the major active ingredient of honeybee venom. Melittin free acid is an activator of phospholipase A2 (PLA2). Melittin free acid has broad-spectrum antifungal activity with MIC values of 0.4-60 μM. Melittin free acid hinders fungal growth by inducing cell apoptosis, repressing (1,3)-β-D-glucan synthase and participating in other pathways[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 123168-46-7
  • MF: C131H228N38O32
  • MW: 2847.448
  • Catalog: Fungal
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CDD-1733

CDD-1733 is a non-covalent and non-peptide potent SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitor with a Ki of 12 nM. CDD-1733 also inhibits ΔP168, A173V, and ΔP168/A173V Mpro variants[1].

  • CAS Number: 2894104-33-5
  • MF: C34H32F3N5O2
  • MW: 599.65
  • Catalog: SARS-CoV
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Lauric acid-d5

Lauric acid-d5 is the deuterium labeled Lauric acid. Lauric acid is a middle chain-free fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties. The EC50s for P. acnes, S.aureus, S. epidermidis, are 2, 6, 4 μg/mL, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 1219804-38-2
  • MF: C12H19D5O2
  • MW: 205.35
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

JFD01307SC

JFD01307SC is a glutamine synthetase inhibitor and anti-tuberculosis agent. JFD01307SC acts as a mimic of L-Glutamate and thus target enzymes involved in glutamine biosynthesis.

  • CAS Number: 51070-56-5
  • MF: C6H11NO4S
  • MW: 193.22100
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 268-270℃
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ceftibuten

Ceftibuten(Sch39720) is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic.IC50:Target: AntibacterialCeftibuten displayed high activity against Haemophilus influenzae and Branhamella catarrhalis. There was reduced activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae (MIC90 16 mg/l). The protein binding of Ceftibuten was 77% and the primary target site PBP 3. A high degree of stability to beta-lactamase hydrolysis was observed. [1]

  • CAS Number: 97519-39-6
  • MF: C15H14N4O6S2
  • MW: 410.425
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: 1.8±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 966.4±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 538.3±34.3 °C

1-Dodecylimidazole

1-Dodecylimidazole (N-Dodecylimidazole) is a lysosomotropic detergent and a cytotoxic agent. 1-Dodecylimidazole causes cell death by its acid-dependent accumulation in lysosomes, disruption of the lysosomal membrane, and releaseof cysteine proteases into the cytoplasm. 1-Dodecylimidazole has hypocholesterolaemic activity and broad-spectrum antifungal activity[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 4303-67-7
  • MF: C15H28N2
  • MW: 236.39600
  • Catalog: Fungal
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Tet-213

Tet-213 is a antimicrobial peptide. Tet-213 has broad spectrum antibacterial activity. Tet-213 can promote infected wound repair[1].

  • CAS Number: 1260528-09-3
  • MF: CK2W4
  • MW: 825.57
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Antitubercular agent-17

Antitubercular agent-17 (Compound 8a) is an antitubercular agent with MIC values of 2, 2, 2 and 128 µg/ml against M. tuberculosis H37Rv, Spec. 192, Spec 210 and Spec. 800, respectively. Antitubercular agent-17 shows highly selective antimycobacterial effects[1].

  • CAS Number: 2328751-33-1
  • MF: C14H12BrN5O
  • MW: 346.18
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Chlorobutanol

Chlorobutanol is a pharmaceutical preservative with sedative-hypnotic actions. Chlorobutanol is active against a wide variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and several mold spores and fungi[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 57-15-8
  • MF: C4H7Cl3O
  • MW: 177.457
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 167.0±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: ~78 °C
  • Flash Point: 61.8±25.9 °C

Isavuconazole

Isavuconazole is a moderate inhibitor of CYP3A4 and a water-soluble triazole with broad-spectrum antifungal activity.

  • CAS Number: 241479-67-4
  • MF: C22H17F2N5OS
  • MW: 437.46500
  • Catalog: Fungal
  • Density: 1.38
  • Boiling Point: 678ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 363.8ºC

TIVICICLOVIR

Tiviciclovir (AM188) is an antiviral guanosine analog and a hepatitis B virus inhibitor[1].

  • CAS Number: 103024-93-7
  • MF: C9H13N5O3
  • MW: 239.23100
  • Catalog: HBV
  • Density: 1.78g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 667.1ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 357.3ºC

Diloxanide furoate

Diloxanide furoate is a luminal amebicide used in the treatment of Amebiasis, is considered the luminal agent of choice for mild intestinal amebiasis or asymptomatic cyst carriers.

  • CAS Number: 3736-81-0
  • MF: C14H11Cl2NO4
  • MW: 328.14700
  • Catalog: Parasite
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Tofacitinib-d3 citrate

Tofacitinib-d3 (citrate) is deuterium labeled Tofacitinib (citrate). Tofacitinib citrate is an orally available JAK1/2/3 inhibitor with IC50s of 1, 20, and 112 nM, respectively. Tofacitinib citrate has antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities.

  • CAS Number: 2701680-77-3
  • MF: C22H25D3N6O8
  • MW: 507.51
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Quipazine dimaleate

Quipazine dimaleate is a 5-HT agonist with a Ki value of 1.4 nM for displaces [3H]GR65630 from 5-HT3R in rat. Quipazine dimaleate shows antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 with an EC50 of 31.64 μM. Quipazine dimaleate behaves as a 5-HT3R antagonist in peripheral models. Quipazine dimaleate can be used for neurological disease research[1][2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 150323-78-7
  • MF: C21H23N3O8
  • MW: 445.42300
  • Catalog: SARS-CoV
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Lymecycline

Lymecycline is a tetracycline derivative, with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and also has anti-inflammatory property.

  • CAS Number: 992-21-2
  • MF: C29H38N4O10
  • MW: 602.63
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: 1.53
  • Boiling Point: 840.5ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 192.5°C
  • Flash Point: 462.1ºC

Dalfopristin

Dalfopristin is a semi-synthetic streptogramin antibiotic. Quinupristin/Dalfopristin (Q/D) is a valuable alternative antibiotic to vancomycin for the treatment of multi-drug resistant Enterococcus faecium infections.

  • CAS Number: 112362-50-2
  • MF: C34H50N4O9S
  • MW: 690.84700
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: 1.27g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 940.5ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 522.6ºC

Miconazole Nitrate

Miconazole Nitrate is an imidazole antifungal agent.Target: AntifungalMiconazole is an imidazole antifungal agent, developed by Janssen Pharmaceutica, commonly applied topically to the skin or to mucous membranes to cure fungal infections. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes. It can also be used against certain species of Leishmania protozoa which are a type of unicellular parasite that also contain ergosterol in their cell membranes. In addition to its antifungal and antiparasitic actions, it also has some antibacterial properties. Miconazole is also used in Ektachrome film developing in the final rinse of the Kodak E-6 process and similar Fuji CR-56 process, replacing formaldehyde. Fuji Hunt also includes miconazole as a final rinse additive in their formulation of the C-41RA rapid access color negative developing process. From Wikipedia.

  • CAS Number: 22832-87-7
  • MF: C18H15Cl4N3O4
  • MW: 479.141
  • Catalog: Fungal
  • Density: 1.451g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 555.1ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 170-185ºC
  • Flash Point: 289.5ºC