3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde is an intermediate for the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals, especially for trimethoprim used to treat bacterial infections, including urinary tract pathogens infection[1].
Antibacterial agent 33, an antibacterial agent, significantly lowers MIC value of antibacterial agent Ceftazidime[1].
Lactoferricin, bovine is an iron-binding glycoprotein derived from the acidic hydrolysis of bovine lactoferrin. Lactoferricin, bovine has bactericidal, antifungal, antiparasitic, antitumor, antiviral, and immunomodulatory activities[1].
Betulinaldehyde(Betunal) belongs to pentacyclic triterpenoids and was reported to exhibit antimicrobial activities against bacteria and fungi, including S. aureus.IC50 value:Target: Betulinaldehyde(Betunal) belongs to pentacyclic triterpenoids that are based on a 30-carbon skeleton comprising four six-membered rings and one five-membered ring. Betulinaldehyde regulates multiple desirable targets which could be further explored in the development of therapeutic agents for the treatment of S. aureus infections [1]. Study compounds α-amyrin [3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-3-ol (AM)], betulinic acid [3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupaene-28-oic acid (BA)] and betulinaldehyde [3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-al (BE)] belong to pentacyclic triterpenoids and were reported to exhibit antimicrobial activities against bacteria and fungi, including S. aureus. The MIC values of these compounds against a reference strain of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (ATCC 43300) ranged from 64 μg/ml to 512 μg/ml. However, the response mechanisms of S. aureus to these compounds are still poorly understood [2].
Tebipenem pivoxil (L084) hydrochloride is an orally active antibiotic against a variety of pathogenic bacteria. Tebipenem pivoxil hydrochloride binds penicillin-binding protein (PBP), thereby inhibiting cell wall synthesis[1].
Pradofloxacin, a third-generation fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent[1]
MsbA inhibitor 1 is a novel small molecule lipopolysaccharide biogenesis inhibitor, inhibits MsbA, an ATP-dependent flippase that translocates LPS across the inner membrane; causes mislocalization of LPS to the cell interior, inhibits Δ5 strain with MIC of 0.2 ug/ml.
Olaquindox, a quinoxalin derivative, is an orally active antibiotic veterinary drug. Olaquindox stimulates growth and decreases intestinal mucosal immunity of piglets[1].
Ocotillone ((24S)-20,24-Epoxy-25-hydroxydammaran-3-one) is a triterpenoids that can be isolated from the fruits of Dysoxylum richii. Ocotillone has antibacterial activities against P. aeruginosa and S. typhimurium without hemolytic activity[1].
2-Aminoimidazole is a potent antibiofilm agent that can be used as an adjuvant to antimicrobial. 2-aminoimidazoles disrupts the ability of bacteria to protect themselves by inhibiting biofilm formation and genetically-encoded antibiotic resistance traits. 2-Aminoimidazole is also a weak noncompetitive inhibitor of human arginase I with a Ki of 3.6 mM[1][2][3].
Malacidin A is the calcium-dependent antibiotic (CDAs). Malacidin A is highly active against many antibiotic-resistant pathogens, particularly Gram-positive bacteria[1][2].
Bombinin H5 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the skin of moth Bombina variegata[1].
Nervogenic acid is an aromatic compound that can be isolated from Piper elongatum VAHL. Nervogenic acid has antibacterial activities and antioxidative effects[1].
Chlorhexidine is an antiseptic effective against a wide variety of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.Target: AntibacterialChlorhexidine is a chemical antiseptic.It is effective on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, although it is less effective with some Gram-negative bacteria.It has both bactericidal and bacteriostatic mechanisms of action, the mechanism of action being membrane disruption, not ATPase inactivation as previously thought.It is also useful against fungi and enveloped viruses, though this has not been extensively investigated. Chlorhexidine is harmful in high concentrations, but is used safely in low concentrations in many products, such as mouthwash and contact lens solutions [1, 2].
12-Oxo phytodienoic acid is a biologically active, immediate precursor of 7-epi jasmonic acid. 12-Oxo phytodienoic acid appears to play an independent role in mediating resistance to pathogens and pests.
cis-11-Methyl-2-dodecenoic acid is a quorum sensing (QS) signal that acts as a diffusion signaling factor (DSF) in extracellular microbial and fungal communication systems. DSF is involved in the regulation of virulence and biofilm formation of a variety of bacterial pathogens[1].
Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, exhibiting potent antibacterial activity.
Clavulanate lithium is a potent β-lactamase inhibitor and acts as an antibiotic[1][2].
9-Hydroxycalabaxanthone (Xanthone I) is a known xanthone isolated from Garcinia mangostana Linn. 9-Hydroxycalabaxanthone has quorum-sensing inhibitory, anti-microbial, and anti-malarial activities (IC50=1.2-1.5 µM)[1].
4-Methylherniarin (7-Methoxy-4-methylcoumarin) is a coumarin derivative and fluorescent label, has an antimicrobial activitiy against both gram positive and gram negative bacterial stains. 4-Methylherniarin displays good activity against B. subtilis and S.sonnei with IC50 values of 11.76 μg/ml and 13.47 μg/ml[1].
Py-MPB-amino-C3-PBD is a cytotoxic agent comprised non-alkylating group. Py-MPB-amino-C3-PBD acts as the payload for ADCs. Antimicrobial activity[1].
Methyl paraben-d4 is the deuterium labeled Methyl Paraben[1]. Methyl Paraben, isolated from the barks of Tsuga dumosa the methyl ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, is a standardized chemical allergen. Methyl Paraben is a stable, non-volatile compound used as an antimicrobial preservative in foods, drugs and cosmetics. The physiologic effect of Methyl Paraben is by means of increased histamine release, and cell-mediated immunity[2].
Octenidine dihydrochloride is an effective antiseptic compound for skin mucous membranes and wounds.
Cefalonium hydrate is the first-generation β-lactam cephalosporin antibiotic that is widely used to research bovine mastitis caused by Gram-positive bacteria including staphylococci[1][2][3].
Isobutylparaben (Isobutyl 4-hydroxybenzoate) is a constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) activator. Isobutylparaben has a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and widely used in personal care products and cosmetics[1].
Blasticidin A ((+)-Blasticidin A) is an inhibitor of Aflatoxin production by Aspergillus parasiticus. Blasticidin A almost completely inhibits Aflatoxin production at 0.5 μM[1]. Blasticidin A is a potent antibiotic produced by Streptomyces, inhibits Aflatoxin production without strong growth inhibition toward Aflatoxin-producing fungi[2].
CRS400393 is a potent antimycobacterial agent, with MIC of 0.03, 2, and ≤ 0.12 µg/mLagainst M. abs., M. avium, M. intracellulare, and M. tuberculosis, respectively[1].
D-(+)-Phenyllactic acid is an anti-bacterial agent, excreted by Geotrichum candidum, inhibits a range of Gram-positive from humans and foodstuffs and Gram-negative bacteria found in humans[1].
Antofloxacin is a well tolerate, orally active and broad-spectrum 8-amino-fluoroquinolone with potent antibacterial activities. Antofloxacin shows superior antibacterial activity against gyrA mutation-positive H. pylori strains, especially in Asn87- mutated strains, compared to levofloxacin. Antofloxacin is a weak, reversible inhibitor of CYP1A2 for the treatment of infections caused by a diverse group of bacterial species[1][2][3].
A potent chelator of iron that arrests late stages of cytokinesis by blocking the physical process of constriction in dividing cells; also is a small molecule inhibitor of bacterial divisome assembly; downregulates the transcription of genes encoding proteins involved in cell division, reduce protein biosynthesis, and affects the spatiotemporal localization of the division machinery.