G Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) perceive many extracellular signals and transduce them to heterotrimeric G proteins, which further transduce these signals intracellular to appropriate downstream effectors and thereby play an important role in various signaling pathways. G proteins are specialized proteins with the ability to bind the nucleotides guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and guanosine diphosphate (GDP). In unstimulated cells, the state of G alpha is defined by its interaction with GDP, G beta-gamma, and a GPCR. Upon receptor stimulation by a ligand, G alpha dissociates from the receptor and G beta-gamma, and GTP is exchanged for the bound GDP, which leads to G alpha activation. G alpha then goes on to activate other molecules in the cell. These effects include activating the MAPK and PI3K pathways, as well as inhibition of the Na+/H+ exchanger in the plasma membrane, and the lowering of intracellular Ca2+ levels.

Most human GPCRs can be grouped into five main families named; Glutamate, Rhodopsin, Adhesion, Frizzled/Taste2, and Secretin, forming the GRAFS classification system.

A series of studies showed that aberrant GPCR Signaling including those for GPCR-PCa, PSGR2, CaSR, GPR30, and GPR39 are associated with tumorigenesis or metastasis, thus interfering with these receptors and their downstream targets might provide an opportunity for the development of new strategies for cancer diagnosis, prevention and treatment. At present, modulators of GPCRs form a key area for the pharmaceutical industry, representing approximately 27% of all FDA-approved drugs.

References:
[1] Moreira IS. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014 Jan;1840(1):16-33.
[2] Tuteja N. Plant Signal Behav. 2009 Oct;4(10):942-7.
[3] Williams C, et al. Methods Mol Biol. 2009;552:39-50.
[4] Schiöth HB, et al. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2005 May 15;142(1-2):94-101.
[5] Wu J, et al. Cancer Genomics Proteomics. 2012 Jan;9(1):37-50.


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5-(DIMETHYLAMINO)-N-(3,4-DIMETHYL-5-ISOXAZOLYL)-1-NAPHTHALENESULFONAMIDE HYDROCHLORIDE

BMS 182874 is an orallyactive, highly selective endothelin receptor (ETA receptor) antagonist, with IC50 value of 0.150 μM, Ki of 0.055 μM. BMS 182874 reduces the arterial pressure of Deoxycorticosterone acetate (HY-B1472) induced hypertension model in rats, and can be used for cardiovascular disease research[1].

  • CAS Number: 153042-42-3
  • MF: C17H19N3O3S
  • MW: 345.42
  • Catalog: Endothelin Receptor
  • Density: 1.332g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 524.5ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 271ºC

Vortioxetine-d8

Vortioxetine D8 is a deuterium labeled Vortioxetine. Vortioxetine is an inhibitor of 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT3A, 5-HT7 receptor and SERT, with Ki values of 15 nM, 33 nM, 3.7 nM, 19 nM and 1.6 nM, respectively[1][2][3][4][5].

  • CAS Number: 2140316-62-5
  • MF: C18H14D8N2S
  • MW: 306.49
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

NAD 299 hydrochloride

Robalzotan hydrochloride (NAD-​299 hydrochloride) is a potent and selective 5-Hydroxytryptamine 1A (5-HT1A) inhibitor. Robalzotan hydrochloride increases the firing rate of 5-HT cells. Robalzotan hydrochloride induces 5-HT1A receptor occupancy. Robalzotan hydrochloride has the potential for the research of a cholinergic deficit in the central -nervous system[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 184674-99-5
  • MF: C18H24ClFN2O2
  • MW: 354.847
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Org41841

Org41841 is a partial agonist of both luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) with EC50s of 0.2 and 7.7 μM, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 301847-37-0
  • MF: C19H22N4O2S2
  • MW: 402.534
  • Catalog: TSH Receptor
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Corlan

Hydrocortisone hemisuccinate sodium is an orally active physiological glucocorticoid. Hydrocortisone hemisuccinate sodium inhibits proinflammatory cytokine activity, with IC50s of 6.7 and 21.4 μM for IL-6 and IL-3, respectively. Hydrocortisone hemisuccinate sodium can be used for the research of ulcerative colitis (UC)[1].

  • CAS Number: 125-04-2
  • MF: C25H33NaO8
  • MW: 484.51
  • Catalog: Glucocorticoid Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 685.5ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 231.1ºC

opipramol

Opipramol (Ensidon) is an atypical tricyclic antidepressant (TCA). Opipramol acts primarily as a sigma (σ) receptor agonist and can potently interact with sigma recognition sites with a Ki value of 50 nM. Opipramol can be used for the research of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 315-72-0
  • MF: C23H29N3O
  • MW: 363.49600
  • Catalog: Sigma Receptor
  • Density: 1.129 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 555.1ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 100-101ºC
  • Flash Point: 290.5ºC

L-366682

L-366682, a cyclic hexapeptide, possesses antagonism of oxytocin[1].

  • CAS Number: 127819-96-9
  • MF: C40H53N9O6
  • MW: 755.90600
  • Catalog: Oxytocin Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Brombuterol hydrochloride

Brombuterol hydrochloride (Bromobuterol hydrochloride) is a β-adrenergic receptor agonist[1].

  • CAS Number: 21912-49-2
  • MF: C12H19Br2ClN2O
  • MW: 402.553
  • Catalog: Adrenergic Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Tropodifene

Tropodifene (Tropaphen) is an α-Adrenergic receptor inhibitor.

  • CAS Number: 15790-02-0
  • MF: C25H29NO4
  • MW: 407.50200
  • Catalog: Adrenergic Receptor
  • Density: 1.2g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 508.5ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 261.4ºC

Monomethyl fumarate

Monomethyl fumarate, an active metabolite of Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), is a potent GPR109A agonist. Monomethyl fumarate has the potential for multiple neuroprotective pathways and other models of retinal disease[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 2756-87-8
  • MF: C5H6O4
  • MW: 130.099
  • Catalog: GPR109A
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 250.0±23.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 144-145ºC
  • Flash Point: 108.9±16.1 °C

S-14671

S-14671 is a high-affinity 5-HT1A agonist (pKi=9.3). S-14671 can be used for research on neurological diseases, such as anti-anxiety, anti-depression, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 135722-27-9
  • MF: C22H25N3O2S
  • MW: 395.51800
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: 1.225g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 646.7ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 344.9ºC

Strictosidinic acid

Strictosidinic acid, an orally active glycoside indole monoterpene alkaloid isolated from Psychotria myriantha leaves, inhibits precursor enzymes of 5-HT biosynthesis and reduces the 5-HT levels. Strictosidinic acid has peripheral analgesic and antipyretic activities in mice[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 150148-81-5
  • MF: C26H32N2O9
  • MW: 516.540
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 792.8±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 433.3±32.9 °C

CAY10583

CAY10583 is a potent and selective full Leukotriene B4 receptor type 2 (BLT2) agonist. CAY10583 directly promotes keratinocyte migration in vitro and accelerates wound closure in vivo. CAY10583 is a promising pharmaceutical agent for diabetic wounds[1].

  • CAS Number: 862891-27-8
  • MF: C25H25NO3
  • MW: 387.471
  • Catalog: Leukotriene Receptor
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 562.0±43.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 293.7±28.2 °C

VUF6002

JNJ10191584 (VUF6002) maleate (compound 40) is an orally active and selective histamine H4 receptor antagonist with a Ki value of 26 nM. JNJ10191584 maleate shows 540-fold selectivity to H4 receptor over the H3 receptor with a Ki value of 14.1 μM. JNJ10191584 maleate inhibits chemotaxis of eosinophils and mast cells with IC50 values of 530 nM and 138 nM, respectively[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 869497-75-6
  • MF: C17H19ClN4O5
  • MW: 394.81000
  • Catalog: Histamine Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 461ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 232.6ºC

NPS ALX Compound 4a dihydrochloride

NPS ALX Compound 4a dihydrochloride is a potent and selective 5-hydroxytryptamine6 (5-HT6) receptor antagonist with an IC50 of 7.2 nM and a Ki of 0.2 nM[1].

  • CAS Number: 1781934-44-8
  • MF: C25H27Cl2N3O2S
  • MW: 504.47
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Fulimetibant

Fulimetibant is a bradykinin receptor antagonist[1].

  • CAS Number: 2231142-90-6
  • MF: C25H21F4N3O3
  • MW: 487.45
  • Catalog: Bradykinin Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Trimebutine-d5

Trimebutine-d5 is the deuterium labeled Trimebutine. Trimebutine is a drug with antimuscarinic and weak mu opioid agonist effects[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1189928-38-8
  • MF: C22H24D5NO5
  • MW: 392.50000
  • Catalog: Opioid Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

DL-071-IT

DL 071IT is a potent non-selective beta-adrenergic receptor blocker. DL 071IT exhibits intrinsic sympathomimetic activity and weak membrane stabilizing activity. DL 071IT reduces exercise heart rate and systolic blood pressure, and even significantly lowers resting heart rate[1].

  • CAS Number: 55104-39-7
  • MF: C15H22ClNO4
  • MW: 315.79
  • Catalog: Adrenergic Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 485.4ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 247.3ºC

Nadolol D9

Nadolol D9 is the deuterium labeled Nadolol(SQ-11725), which is a non-selective beta blocker.

  • CAS Number: 94513-92-5
  • MF: C17H18D9NO4
  • MW: 318.45600
  • Catalog: Adrenergic Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CJ-42794

CJ-42794 is a selective prostaglandin E receptor subtype 4(EP4) antagonist, inhibits [3H]-PGE2 binding to the human EP4 receptor with a mean pKi of 8.5, a binding affinity that was at least 200-fold more selective for the human EP4 receptor than other human EP receptor subtypes (EP1, EP2, and EP3).IC50 value: 8.5 (pKi ) [1]Target: EP4in vitro: CJ-042794 competitively inhibits PGE2-evoked elevations of intracellular cAMP levels in HEK293 cells overexpressing human EP4receptor with a mean pA2 value of 8.6. PGE2 inhibits the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) in human whole blood (HWB); CJ-042794 reverses the inhibitory effects of PGE2 on LPS-induced TNFα production in a concentration-dependent manner. [1]in vivo: CJ-42794 significantly delays the ulcer healing in rats and mice. The expression of VEGF in primary rat gastric fibroblasts was increased by PGE2 or AE1-329 (EP4 agonist), and these responses were both attenuated by coadministration of CJ-42794.[2]

  • CAS Number: 847728-01-2
  • MF: C22H17ClFNO4
  • MW: 413.826
  • Catalog: Prostaglandin Receptor
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 572.7±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 300.2±30.1 °C

Mocravimod

Mocravimod is an oral activity amphematoshenol-1-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) regulator, which can block the required signal from lymph organs to prevent the migration of effect cells from migrating to non-lymph hematopoietic tissue. Mocravimod can be used for cancer research[1].

  • CAS Number: 509092-16-4
  • MF: C24H26ClNO3S
  • MW: 443.98600
  • Catalog: LPL Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

15-Keto latanoprost

15-Keto latanoprost is a metabolite of Latanoprost, which is an ocular hypotensive agent[1].

  • CAS Number: 135646-98-9
  • MF: C26H38O5
  • MW: 430.58
  • Catalog: Prostaglandin Receptor
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 594.2±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 327.2±26.6 °C

Capadenoson

Capadenoson is a selective agonist of adenosine-A1 receptor.

  • CAS Number: 544417-40-5
  • MF: C25H18ClN5O2S2
  • MW: 520.026
  • Catalog: Adenosine Receptor
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 787.9±70.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 430.3±35.7 °C

Benztropine Mesylate

Benzotropine is a centrally-acting, antimuscarinic agent used as an adjunct in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.Target: mAChRBenzotropine is a centrally-acting, antimuscarinic agent used as an adjunct in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. It may also be used to treat extrapyramidal reactions, such as dystonia and Parkinsonism, caused by antipsychotics. Symptoms of Parkinson's disease and extrapyramidal reactions arise from decreases in dopaminergic activity which creates an imbalance between dopaminergic and cholinergic activity. Anticholinergic therapy is thought to aid in restoring this balance leading to relief of symptoms. In addition to its anticholinergic effects, benztropine also inhibits the reuptake of dopamine at nerve terminals via the dopamine transporter. Benzotropine also produces antagonistic effects at the histamine H1 receptor [1, 2].Benztropine (BZT) and its analogues inhibit dopamine uptake and bind with moderate to high affinity to the dopamine transporter (DAT). BZT analogues also exhibit varied binding affinities for muscarinic M(1) and histamine H(1) receptors. The BZT analogues showed a wide range of histamine H(1) receptor (K(i)=16-37,600 nM) and DAT (K(i)=8.5-6370 nM) binding affinities [3].

  • CAS Number: 132-17-2
  • MF: C22H29NO4S
  • MW: 403.535
  • Catalog: mAChR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 547.8ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 135 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 285.1ºC

SCH 23390 hydrochloride

SCH 23390 hydrochloride is a potent dopamine receptor D1 antagonist with Ki values of 0.2 and 0.3 nM for the D1 and D5.

  • CAS Number: 125941-87-9
  • MF: C17H19Cl2NO
  • MW: 324.245
  • Catalog: Dopamine Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 414.7ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 204.6ºC

Substance P (alligator)

Substance P (alligator), a Substance P (Substance P (HY-P0201)) extracted from alligator, is a neuropeptide. The primary structure of Substance P (alligator) is: Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gln-Gln-Phe-Phe-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2[1].

  • CAS Number: 113516-47-5
  • MF: C63H98N20O13S
  • MW: 1375.64
  • Catalog: Neurokinin Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

PACAP (6-27) (human, ovine, rat)

PACAP (6-27) (human, ovine, rat) is a PACAP receptor antagonist that blocks the canine adrenal catecholamine response to exogenous vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). PACAP (6-27) (human, ovine, rat) has the potential to study cardiovascular and neurological diseases[1].

  • CAS Number: 136134-68-4
  • MF: C121H193N33O31S
  • MW: 2638.09
  • Catalog: Adenylate Cyclase
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 1561.8±75.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 898.4±37.1 °C

Alosetron (Hydrochloride(1:X))

Alosetron is a Serotonin 5HT3-receptor antagonist that is used in treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.IC50 Value: N/ATarget: 5-HT3 ReceptorAlosetron has an antagonist action on the 5-HT3 receptors of the enteric nervous system of the gastrointestinal tract. While being a 5-HT3 antagonist like ondansetron, it is not classified or approved as an antiemetic. Since stimulation of 5-HT3 receptors is positively correlated with gastrointestinal motility, alosetron's 5-HT3 antagonism slows the movement of fecal matter through the large intestine, increasing the extent to which water is absorbed, and decreasing the moisture and volume of the remaining waste products. From Wikipedia.

  • CAS Number: 132414-02-9
  • MF: C17H18N4O.xHCl
  • MW: 330.81200
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

1-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-4-(3-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine

VU0080241 is a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 4 (mGluR4), with an EC50 of 4.6 μM[1].

  • CAS Number: 393845-24-4
  • MF: C19H23N5
  • MW: 321.419
  • Catalog: mGluR
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 447.5±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 224.4±28.7 °C

[Tyr12] Somatostatin 28 (1-14)

[Tyr12] Somatostatin 28 (1-14) is an analogue of Somatostatin-28 (1-14) (HY-P1499). Somatostatin-28 (1-14) is an N-terminal fragment of the neuropeptide somatostatin-28[1].

  • CAS Number: 198276-46-9
  • MF: C65H107N23O20S
  • MW: 1562.75
  • Catalog: Somatostatin Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A