Kushenol B is an isoprenoid flavonoid isolated from S. flavescens, has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities[1]. Kushenol B has inhibitory activity against cAMP phosphodiesterase (PDE), with an IC50 of 31 µM[1].
Gemlapodect (RO554965) is an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A). Gemlapodect can be used for researching schizophrenia[1].
GSK356278 is a potent, selective, orally bioavailable and brain-penetrant inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), with pIC50s of 8.6, 8.8, and 8.7 for human PDE4A, PDE4B, and PDE4D, respectively. GSK356278 has anti-inflammatory activity, and exhibits anxiolytic and cognition-enhancing effects[1].
CP671305 is a potent, orally active, selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-4-D, and possesses high activities.
Vardenafil-d5 is deuterium labeled Vardenafil. Vardenafil is a selective, orally active, potent inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5), with an IC50 of 0.7 nM. Vardenafil shows selectivity over PDE1 (180 nM), PDE6 (11 nM), PDE2, PDE3, and PDE4 (>1000 nM). Vardenafil competitively inhibits cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) hydrolysis and thus increases cGMP levels. Vardenafil can be used for the research of erectile dysfunction[1][2].
Andolast is an anti-allergic agent for the treatment of bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Andolast inhibits dose dependently guinea-pig lung cAMP-phosphodiesterase with an IC50 of 50 mM.
Braylin, a coumarin, is a potent phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor and is involved in anti-inflammatory and immunomodulation, which may serve as a potential target for the study of immunoinflammatory diseases[1].
ATX inhibitor 5 is a potent and orally active autotaxin (ATX) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 15.3 nM. ATX inhibitor 5 has anti-hepatofibrosis effect, and reduces CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis level prominently[1].
Vesnarinone is a quinolinone derivative, and its pharmacodynamic effects include inhibition of phosphodiesterase III (PDE3) activity, increases in calcium flux and decreases in potassium flux.IC50 value: 1.1 μM (for HERG current)Target: PDE3in vitro: HERG current is inhibited by Vesnarinone with an IC50 of 1.1 μM, whereas KvLQT1/minK current is not significantly depressed by Vesnarinone even at 30 μM. The IC50 value for Vesnarinone inhibition of HERG channels is 1 μM. The IC50 for Vesnarinone inhibition of PDE is reported to be 300 μM. [1] Vesnarinone is a novel cytokine inhibitor, for the treatment of lung fibrosis using a murine model of bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Vesnarinone inhibits BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis, at least in part, by the inhibition of acute lung injuries in the early phase. [2] Vesnarinone is a new and novel inotropic drug that has unique and complex mechanisms of action. Vesnarinone inhibits phosphodiesterase, thereby leading to increased intracellular calcium, and also affects numerous myocardial ion channels, resulting in the prolongation of the opening time of sodium channels and the decrease in the delayed outward and inward rectifying potassium current. Vesnarinone has also demonstrated significant effects on cytokine production, which may account for some of its observed clinical benefits.[3] Vesnarinone plays an important role in the regulation of cytokines and suggest that the reduction of cytokine release may contribute to the beneficial effects of the drug in the treatment of heart failure. Vesnarinone inhibits the production of TFN-a and IFN-y by LPS stimulated whole blood from patients with heart failure and from healthy volunteers. [4]in vivo: Vesnarinone reduces the circulating levels of TNF-α. Cumulative evidence showed that a variety of cytokine are involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. [2]
Doxofylline-d4 is the deuterium labeled Doxofylline. Doxofylline is an antagonist of adenosine A1 receptor which also inhibits phosphodiesterase IV[1][2].
Furamidine dihydrochloride (DB75 dihydrochloride) is a selective protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 9.4 μM. Furamidine dihydrochloride is selective for PRMT1 over PRMT5, PRMT6, and PRMT4 (CARM1) (IC50s of 166 µM, 283 µM, and >400 µM, respectively). Furamidine dihydrochloride is a potent, reversible and competitive tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP-1) inhibitor. Inhibition of TDP-1 by Furamidine dihydrochloride is effective both with single- and double-stranded DNA substrates but is slightly stronger with the duplex DNA. Furamidine dihydrochloride is also an antiparasite agent[1][2][3].
CI-1044 is an orally active PDE4 inhibitor with IC50s of 0.29, 0.08, 0.56, 0.09 μM for PDE4A5, PDE4B2, PDE4C2 and PDE4D3, respectively.
Toddacoumalone is a natural inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) with moderate potency and imperfect drug-like properties. Toddacoumalone has the potential for the research of inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis[1].
PF-06445974, a promising positron emission tomography (PET) lead, has exquisite potency at PDE4B with an IC50 <1 nM. The IC50 values are 36, 4.7 and 17 nM for PDE4D, PDE4A and PDE4C, respectively. PF-06445974 has good selectivity over PDE4D, excellent brain permeability, and a high level of specific binding in the "cold tracer" study[1].
Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) monohydrate is a potent phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, adenosine receptor antagonist, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) monohydrate inhibits PDE3 activity to relax airway smooth muscle. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) monohydrate has anti-inflammatory activity by increase IL-10 and inhibit NF-κB into the nucleus. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) monohydrate induces apoptosis. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) monohydrate can be used for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research[1][2][3][4][5].
CDC801 is a potent and orally active phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitor with IC50 of 1.1 μM and 2.5 μM, respectively.
Autotaxin-IN-4 (compound 51), extracted from patent WO2018212534A1, is an Autotaxin inhibitor. Autotaxin-IN-4 has the potential to treat idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis[1].
Lodenafil carbonate, a dimer that acts as a prodrug delivering Lodenafil in vivo, is an orally active phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED)[1][2].
Cilomilast(SB 207499; Ariflo) is a potent PDE4 inhibitor with IC50 of about 110 nM, has anti-inflammatory activity and low central nervous system activity.IC50 value: 110 nMTarget: PDE 4Cilomilast (SB-207499) inhibits HPDE4 and LPDE4 catalytic activity with equal potency (Ki ≈100 nM). SB-207499 and rolipram are equipotent against LPDE4, but Cilomilast (Ariflo, SB-207499) is 100-fold less potent against HPDE4. This profile suggests that Cilomilast (Ariflo, SB-207499) retain the anti-inflammatory activity of rolipram yet have a decreased tendency to produce side effects.
PDE4-IN-4 is a dual M3 (pIC50 = 10.2) antagonist-PDE4 (pIC50 = 8.8) inhibitor for the inhaled treatment of pulmonary diseases.
Enprofylline acts as a selective and competitive A2B receptor antagonist with the Ki of 7 μM. Enprofylline also acts as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Enprofylline can be used for the research of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[1][2][3].
WAY127093B racemate is the racemate of WAY127093B. WAY127093B is a novel, orallyactive phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor in guinea pigs and rats.
Ayanin is a bioflavonoid isolated from Croton schiedeanus Schlecht. Ayanin is a non-selective phosphodiesterase1-4 inhibitor and can be used for the study of respiratory disease,such as allergic asthma et al[1].
Acetildenafil is a derivative of the phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor Sildenafil.
Milrinone-d3 is deuterium labeled Milrinone. Milrinone is a PDE3 inhibitor, and also an inotrope and vasodilator.
Ibudilast-d7-1 is the deuterium labeled Ibudilast[1]. Ibudilast (KC-404;AV-411;MN-166) is a cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor. Ibudilast has platelet anti-aggregatory effects. Ibudilast can be used for the research of asthma for its inhibitory effects on tracheal smooth muscle contractility. Ibudilast may be a useful neuroprotective and anti-dementia agent counteracting neurotoxicity in activated microglia[2].
ATX inhibitor 11 (compound 13c) is a potent ATX (autotaxin) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 2.7 nM. ATX inhibitor 11 can typically alleviate the severity of fibrosis tissues and effectively reduce the deposition of fibrotic biomarker α-SMA in mice fibrosis model. ATX inhibitor 11 can be used for lung fibrosis research[1].
Enpp-1-IN-9 is a potent inhibitor of ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase-phosphodiesterase 1 (enpp-1). The ENPP 1 has broad specificity and can cleave a variety of substrates, including phosphodiester bonds of nucleotides and nucleotide sugars and pyrophosphate bonds nucleotides and nucleotide sugars. Enpp-1-IN-9 has the potential for the research of cancer and infectious diseases (extracted from patent WO2021203772A1, compound 51)[1].
WAY-PDA 641 is a potent and preferential PDE-IV inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.42 μM for canine trachealis PDE-IV. WAY-PDA 641 induces respiratory muscle relaxation and bronchodilation[1].
Mesembrine ((+)-Mesembrine) a main alkaloid that features an aryloctahydroindole skeleton. Mesembrine is a 5-HT transporter inhibitor with a Ki of 1.4 nM. Mesembrine also inhibits phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) with an IC50 of 7.8 μM[1][2].