(rel)-Asperparaline A ((rel)-Aspergillimide), an anthelmintic metabolite, is isolated from okara that has been fermented with Aspergillus japonicas JV-23. (rel)-Asperparaline A is also a potent and selective antagonist of nAChR. (rel)-Asperparaline A exhibits paralytic activity in silk worms[1][2].
PCS1055 dihydrochloride is a potent, selective and competitive muscarinic M4 receptor antagonist with an IC50 of 18.1 nM and a Kd of 5.72 nM. PCS1055 dihydrochloride inhibits radioligand [3H]-NMS binding to the M4 receptor with a Ki of 6.5 nM. PCS1055 dihydrochloride exhibits >100-fold selectivity over M1-, M3-, and M5-receptors and 30-fold selectivity at the M2 receptor. PCS1055 dihydrochloride is also a potent AChE inhibitor with IC50 s of 22 nM and 120 nM for electric eel and human AChE, respectively[1][2].
5-HT2C agonist-3 ((+)-19) free base is a selective 5-HT2C agonist (EC50: 24 nM, Ki: 78 nM). 5-HT2C agonist-3 free base has antipsychotic drug-like activity. 5-HT2C agonist-3 free base blocks Amphetamine-induced hyperactivity[1].
Arbaclofen placarbil is a novel transported prodrug of the active R-isomer of baclofen. Baclofen is a racemic GABAB receptor agonist
AChE/BChE-IN-2 (Compound 13b) is a potent inhibitor of AChE/BChE (AChE IC50 = 0.96 ± 0.14 µM, BChE IC50 = 1.23 ± 0.23 µM). AChE/BChE-IN-2 has the potential for the research of AD diseases[1].
SR 57227A is a potent, orally active and selective 5-HT3 receptor agonist, with ability to cross the blood brain barrier. SR 57227A has affinities (IC50) varying between 2.8 and 250 nM for 5-HT3 receptor binding sites in rat cortical membranes and on whole NG 108-15 cells or their membranes. Anti-depressant effects[1][2].
Lintopride is a 5HT4 antagonist with moderate 5HT3 antagonist properties.
Dicyclomine hydrochloride is a potent and orally active muscarinic cholinergic receptors antagonist. Dicyclomine hydrochloride shows high affinity for muscarinic M1 receptor subtype (Ki=5.1 nM) and M2 receptor subtype (Ki=54.6 nM) in brush-border membrane and basal plasma membranes, respectively[1]. Dicyclomine is an antispasmodic agent and relieves smooth muscle spasm of the gastrointestinal tract in vivo[2].
5,7-Dichlorokynurenic acid (5,7-DCKA) is a selective and competitive antagonist of the glycine site on NMDA receptor with a KB of 65 nM. 5,7-Dichlorokynurenic acid, a derivative of kynurenic acid, reduced NMDA-induced neuron injury in rat cortical cell cultures[1].
TPMPA, a hybrid of isoguvacine and 3-APMPA, is the first selective antagonist for a GABAC receptor (KB = 2.1 μM), but not to interact with GABAA (KB = 320 μM) or GABAB receptors (EC50 = 500 μM). TPMPA has the potential for the research of suppressing orientation selectivity in ganglion cells[1][2][3].
ZL006 is a potent inhibitor of nNOS/PSD-95 interaction, and inhibits NMDA receptor-mediated NO synthesis.
Itopride hydrochloride is an AChE inhibitor (acetylcholinesterase) and D2DR inhibitor.Target: AChEItopride is a gastroprokinetic benzamide derivative. The IC50 of itopride with AChE (2.04 +/- 0.27 microM) was, however, 100-fold less than that with BuChE, whereas in the case of neostigmine with AChE (11.3 +/- 3.4 nM), it was 10-fold less. The inhibitory effect of itopride on cholinesterase (ChE) activity in guinea pig gastrointestine was much weaker than that on pure AChE. the IC50s of itopride against ChE activities were found to be about 0.5 microM. The IC50 of itopride for electric eel and guinea pig gastrointestinal AChE inhibition was 200 times and 50 times as large as that of neostigmine, respectively [1].
5-HT7 agonist 2 is a potent 5-HT7 receptor agonist with an IC50 value of 28.7 nM. 5-HT7 agonist 2 can be used for research of central nervous system (CNS) disorders[1].
TAN-452 is an orally active, selective peripherally acting δ-opioid receptor (DOR) antagonist with a Ki of 0.47 nM and a Kb of 0.21 nM. TAN-452 is an antagonist for μ-opioid receptor (MOR; Ki=36.56 nM and Kb=9.43 nM) and κ-opioid receptor (KOR; Ki=5.31 nM and Kb=7.18 nM). TAN-452, a derivative of Naltrindole, demonstrates low brain penetrability and attenuates morphine-induced side effects without affecting pain control[1].
AZD-6280 is a selective GABAA(α2/3) receptor modulator, used for treatment of generalized anxiety disorder.
CGP11952 is a triazolyl-Benzaphenon resembling the benzodiazepines in its pharmacological action. CGP11952 is an experimental benzodiazepine derivative.
Domperidone-d6 (R33812-d6) is the deuterium labeled Domperidone. Domperidone (R33812) is a selective dopamine-2 receptor antagonist. Domperidone acts as an antiemetic and a prokinetic agent through its effects on the chemoreceptor trigger zone and motor function of the stomach and small intestine[1][2].
Trimebutine-d5 (fumarate) is deuterium labeled Trimebutine.
Oxotremorine sesquifumarate is a mAChR agonist that mainly activates M2 receptors. Oxotremorine sesquifumarate can be used for neurological research[1][2].
Pergolide (LY127809 (free base)) is an ergot-derived orally active dopamine receptor agonist. Pergolide can be used for Parkinson disease research[1].
PF-592379 is a potent dopamine D3 receptor agonist with an EC50 of 21 nM.
PG01037 (dihydrochloride) is a potent and selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonist with a Ki of 0.7 nM[1].
Trimipramine maleate is a 5-HT receptor antagonist, with pKis of 6.39, 8.10, 4.66 for 5-HT1C, 5-HT2 and 5-HT1A, respectively.
Baclofen hydrochloride, a lipophilic derivative of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), is an orally active, selective metabotropic GABAB receptor (GABABR) agonist. Baclofen hydrochloride mimics the action of GABA and produces slow presynaptic inhibition through the GABAB receptor. Baclofen hydrochloride has high blood brain barrier penetrance. Baclofen hydrochloride has the potential for muscle spasticity research[1][2][3].
Desvenlafaxine-d10 is deuterium labeled Desvenlafaxine. Desvenlafaxine, the succinate salt form of the isolated major active metabolite of Venlafaxine (HY-B0196), is an orally active and BBB penetrated 5-HT and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, with IC50 values of 47.3 nM and 531.3 nM for hSERT and hNET, respectively. Desvenlafaxine shows weak binding affinity (62% inhibition at 100 μM) at the human dopamine (DA) transporter[1][2].
SSR504734 is an orally active, selective and reversible inhibitor of human, rat, and mouse GlyT1 (IC50=18, 15, and 38 nM, respectively). SSR504734 shows anti-schizophrenia, anti-anxiety and anti-depression activities[1].
Vigabatrin(γ-Vinyl-GABA; Sabril) is a structural analog of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) that irreversibly inhibits the catabolism of GABA by GABA transaminase.IC50 value:Target: GABA transaminaseClinical studies have shown that vigabatrin is superior to placebo in decreasing the frequency of infantile spasms. In tuberous sclerosis, vigabatrin may be considered the first-line treatment for IS. The mode of action is increasing concentrations of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA in the brain.A significant increase in seizure threshold was observed following systemic (i.p.) administration of high (600 or 1200 mg/kg) doses of vigabatrin. Bilateral microinjection of vigabatrin (10 μg) into either the anterior or posterior SNr also increased seizure threshold, but less markedly than systemic treatment.
Modaline Sulfate is a MAO inhibitor, used in the treatment of depression.
NEO 376 is a selective modulator of 5-HT1 receptor, GABA receptor and dopamine receptor, with anti-psychotic actively.
Arecaidine but-2-ynyl ester tosylate is a potent muscarinic agonist that shows 4.6-fold that is selectivity for mAChR M2 in the atrium versus those in the ileum.