Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and also acts as a co-agonist along with glutamate, facilitating an excitatory potential at the glutaminergic N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors.
3-(3-Methoxyphenyl)propionic acid is an organic acid, naturally occurring human metabolite and excreted in human urine.
Bruceine A(NSC310616; Dihydrobrusatol) is a natural quassinoid compound extracted from the dried fruits of Brucea javanica (L.); are potential candidates for the treatment of canine babesiosis.IC50 value:Target: Bruceine A inhibited the in vitro growth of Babesia gibsoni in canine erythrocytes at lower concentration compared with the standard antibabesial drug diminazene aceturate and killed the parasites within 24 hr at a concentration of 25 nM. Oral administration of bruceine A at a dosage of 6.4 mg/kg/day for 5 days resulted in no clinical findings in a dog with normal ranges of hematological and biochemical values in the blood. Three dogs were infected with B. gibsoni and two of them were treated with bruceine A at a dosage of 6.4 mg/kg/day for 6 days from day 5 post-infection.
Magainin 2 is an antimicrobial peptide discovered in the skin of Xenopus laevis.
Dihydromethysticin is one of the six major kavalactones found in the kava plant; has marked activity on the induction of CYP3A23.
Desmethoxyyangonin is one of the six major kavalactones found in the Piper methysticum (kava) plant; reversible inhibitor of MAO-B.
In vitro: Lasalocid sodium treatment led to an increase in cell wall thickness, whilst the quantity and sugar composition of the cell wall remained unchanged in BY-2 cells. Lasalocid sodium treatment enhances enzymatic saccharification efficiency in both BY-2 cells and Arabidopsis plants. [1]
Hydroxyphenylacetylglycine is an acyl glycine, and an endogenous human metabolite.
3-Amino-4-methylpentanoic acid is a beta amino acid and positional isomer of L-leucine which is naturally produced in humans via the metabolism of L-leucine by the enzyme leucine 2,3-aminomutase.
Glaucocalyxin B is an ent kaurane diterpenoid isolated from the Chinese traditional medicine Rabdosia japonica with anticancer and antitumor activity; decreases the growth of HL-60 cells with an IC50 of approximately 5.86 μM at 24 h.
Ranolazine is an antianginal medication.Target: Sodium ChannelRanolazine is believed to have its effects via altering the transcellular late sodium current. It affects the sodium-dependent calcium channels during myocardial ischemia in rabbits by altering the intracellular sodium level [1]. Thus, ranolazine indirectly prevents the calcium overload that causes cardiac ischemia in rats [2]. The effects of ranolazine on the NaV 1.7 and NaV 1.8 sodium channels also make it potentially useful in the treatment of neuropathic pain. Ranolazine produced dose-dependant analgesia on mechanical allodynia induced by CFA injection, but had no effect on thermal hyperalgesia [3, 4].
Cytochalasin B is a cell-permeable mycotoxin binding to the barbed end of actin filaments, disrupting the formation of actin polymers, with Kd value of 1.4-2.2 nM for F-actin.
Fusidic acid sodium salt is a bacteriostatic antibiotic.
L-Glutathione reduced (GSH; γ-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine) is an endogenous antioxidant and is capable of scavenging oxygen-derived free radicals.
Stearoylethanolamide is an endocannabinoid-like compound with pro-apoptotic activity.
Microcystin-LR is a potent inhibitor of type 1 and type 2A protein phosphatases (PP1 and PP2A), with IC50s of 1.7 nM and 0.04 nM, respectively. Sequence: Ala-D-Ala-Leu-D-{Bas}-Arg-{Oaa}-D-{Ggu}.
L-Kynurenine is a metabolite of the amino acid L-tryptophan. L-Kynurenine is an aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist.
Methionine sulfoxide is an oxidation product of methionine with reactive oxygen species and can be regarded as a biomarker of oxidative stress in vivo.
L-Alanine is a non-essential amino acid, involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases immunity, and provides energy for muscle tissue, brain, and central nervous system.
Loganetin is a non-toxic natural product that may be applied in the antibacterial drug development for treating multidrug-resistant Gram negative infections.
L-Homoserine is a non - protein amino acid, which is an important biosynthetic intermediate of threonine, methionine and lysine.
Xenopsin: the neurotensin-like octapeptide from Xenopus skin at the carboxyl terminus of its precursor.
Ademetionine is an intermediate metabolite of methionine. Its involvement in methylation assists in cellular growth and repair, maintains the phospho-bilipid layer in cell membranes. It also helps in the maintenance of the action of several hormones and neurotransmitters that affect mood.
1-Methyladenine is a product of alkylation damage in DNA which can be repaired by damage reversal by oxidative demethylation.
3-Methylcrotonylglycine is an acyl glycine, a normal amino acid metabolite found in urine.
Retinoic acid is a metabolite of vitamin A that plays important roles in cell growth, differentiation, and organogenesis. Retinoic acid is a natural agonist of RAR nuclear receptors, with IC50s of 14 nM for RARα/β/γ. Retinoic acid bind to PPARβ/δ with Kd of 17 nM.
Oleoylethanolamide is a high affinity endogenous PPAR-α agonist, which plays an important role in the treatment of obesity and arteriosclerosis.
Spermidine, a precursor of spermine, is a polyamine derived from putrescine and could help stabilize some membranes and nucleic acid structures.
DL-O-Phosphoserine, a normal metabolite in human biofluid, is an ester of serine and phosphoric acid.
Methyl 2-furoate (Methyl furan-2-carboxylate) is a building block in chemical synthesis. A flavoring agent in food. Found in cranberries, guava fruits, raisins and other fruits. Also present in baked potato, roasted filberts, roasted peanut, tomatoes, coffee, cocoa, okra, etc.