Insulin levels modulator could be used to treat diabetes.
Cholecystokinin Precursor (24-32) (rat) is a cholecystokinin precursor that can be expressed in the heart, lungs, and kidneys as well as in the gastrointestinal tract and brain. Cholecystokinin is a brain-gut peptide that stimulates gallbladder contraction and pancreatic exocrine secretion and also acts as a neurotransmitter[1].
Aldicarb sulfoxide-d3 is the deuterium labled Aldicarb sulfoxide (HY-124104). Aldicarb sulfoxide is a metabolite of Aldicarb. Aldicarb sulfoxide affects the glutathione-linked enzymes in CHO-K1 cells. Aldicarb sulfoxide inhibits cholinesterase (ChE) and carboxylesterase (CaE) with IC50 of 10 μM for both in zebrafish[1][2].
Chrysophanol triglucoside is an anthraquinone isolated from Cassia obtusifolia, inhibits protein tyrosine phosphatases 1B (PTP1B) and α-glucosidase with IC50s of 80.17 and 197.06 µM, respectively. Chrysophanol triglucoside has the potential for diabetes research[1].
SR3335 is a selective RORα synthetic ligand, directly binds to RORα (Ki 220 nM) but not other RORs, and functions as a selective partial inverse agonist of RORα in cell-based assays.
DS-3801b is a potent and non-macrolide agonist of GPR38. DS-3801b is expected to be novel gastrointestinal prokinetic agents for the research of functional gastrointestinal disorders such as gastroparesis and chronic constipation[1].
Lutein dimyristate possesses pro-oxidant activity[1].
L-Cysteine-d3 is the deuterium labeled L-Cysteine. L-Cysteine is a conditionally essential amino acid, which acts as a precursor for biologically active molecules such as hydrogen sulphide (H2S), glutathione and taurine. L-Cysteine suppresses ghrelin and reduces appetite in rodents and humans[1].
Terazosin is a selective alpha1-antagonist used for treatment of symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Target: Alpha-1 Adrenergic ReceptorTerazosin is selective for alpha 1A-adrenoceptors which appear to dominate in the human prostate; the therapeutic relevance of this selectivity remains to be assessed in clinical studies [1]. Administration of terazosin 1 mg orally for 28 d. Terazosin initially shifted the dose-response curve of phenylephrine to the right, with a significant increase in ED50 for phenylephrine from a control value of 102 to 759 ng/min on day 1 of terazosin (P < 0.001). The mean Kd of terazosin was estimated as 11 +/- 15 nM in the first few days of treatment. This study demonstrates that pharmacological tolerance to the alpha 1-adrenoceptor blocking action of terazosin occurs in man and may be responsible for loss in efficacy with chronic therapy [2].
BIM 23042, a certain somatostatin (SS) octapeptide analogue, is a selective neuropeptide neuromedin B receptor (NMB-R, BB1) antagonist. BIM 23042 has 100-fold lower affinity for gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) receptor (BB2). BIM 23042 inhibits Neuromedin B (HY-P0241), ICI 216140 and DPDM-bombesin ethylamide-induced Ca2+ release[1][2][3].
Firuglipel (DS-8500a) is an orally available, potent and selective GPR119 agonist.
Tocofersolan is a synthetic water-soluble version of vitamin E.
Hydrocarbon chain derivative 1 is an active compound, with inhibitory activities against lipid synthesis.
Mitoquinone is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant designed to accumulate within mitochondria in vivo in order to protect against oxidative damage.
Taurodeoxychloic Acid (sodium hydrate) prevents apoptosis by blocking a calcium-mediated apoptotic pathway as well as caspase-12 activation. Taurodeoxychloic Acid (sodium hydrate) is investigated for use in several conditions such as Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC), insulin resistance, amyloidosis, Cystic Fibrosis, Cholestasis, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis[1].
AMP-PNP tetralithium (Adenylyl-imidodiphosphate tetralithium) is a non-hydrolysable analogue of ATP and inhibits KATP channels[1][2].
OPC-163493 is an orally active liver-targeted mitochondrial uncoupling agent. OPC-163493 reduces Δψ and mitochondrial ROS production. OPC-163493 has antidiabetic and cardiovascular beneficial effects. OPC-163493 lowers blood pressure, extends survival, and improves renal function in the rat model of stroke/hypertension[1].
L 152804 is an orally active and selective neuropeptide Y Y5 receptor (NPY5-R) antagonist, with a Ki of 26 nM for hY5. L 152804 causes weight loss in diet-induced obese mice by modulating food intake and energy expenditure[1][2].
Xanthine oxidase-IN-1 is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor extracted from patent WO2008126898A1, page 68, compound example 3, with an IC50 of 6.5 nM.
Hydroxocobalamin (Vitamin B12a) is an injectable naturally occurring form of vitamin B12 with a favorable adverse effect profile, used as a dietary supplement in the treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency including pernicious anemia[1][2].
GPR40 Activator 1 is a potent GPR40 activator for treatment of type 2 diabetes.IC50 value:Target: GPR40Preparation of spiropiperidine derivatives for use as antidiabetic agentsBy Hamdouchi, Chafiq; Lineswala, Jayana Pankaj; Maiti, Pranab From PCT Int. Appl. (2011), WO 2011066183 A1 20110603.
Lanosterol is a key triterpenoid intermediate in the biosynthesis of Cholesterol.
Methyl deacetylasperulosidate is an iridoid isolated from Borreria and Spermacoce species.
PF429242 is a reversible and competitive SREBP site 1 protease (S1P) inhibitor with an IC50 of 175 nM[1].
GLP-1R agonist 1 is a potent agonist of GLP-1R. GLP-1R agonist 1 is a thickened imidazole derivative compound. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an intestinal hypoglycemic hormone secreted by L-cells in the lower gastrointestinal tract. GLP-1R agonist 1 has the potential for the research of diabetes (extracted from patent WO2021197464A1, compound 4)[1].
Cy5.5 (Sulfo-Cyanine5.5) is a near-infrared fluorescent dye (Ex=673 nm, Em=707 nm) used to label biological molecules, such as peptides, proteins, and oligonucleotides[1].
4-Hydroxyisoleucine (4-Hydroxy-L-isoleucine) is an amino acid which can be extracted and purified from fenugreek seeds. 4-Hydroxyisoleucine (4-Hydroxy-L-isoleucine) displays an insulinotropic activity of great interest[1].
Rennin, also known as Chymosin, is a pepsin-related proteolytic enzyme synthesized by cells in the stomach of certain animals that efficiently converts liquid milk into a semi-solid, allowing it to remain in the stomach for longer. The natural substrate of Rennin is K-casein, which is specifically cleaved at the peptide bond between amino acid residues 105 and 106, phenylalanine and methionine, and is widely used in cheese production[1].
1-Methylhistamine-d3 (dihydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled 1-Methylhistamine (dihydrochloride)[1]. 1-Methylhistamine dihydrochloride is a histamine metabolite[2].
H-D-Trp-OH-d5 is the deuterium labeled H-D-Trp-OH. H-D-Trp-OH is a D-stereoisomer of tryptophan and occasionally found in naturally produced peptides such as the marine venom peptide.