γ-Oryzanol is a potent DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) inhibitor in the striatum of mice. γ-Oryzanol significantly inhibits the activities of DNMT1 (IC50=3.2 μM), DNMT3a (IC50=22.3 μM).
AV123 (compound 12) is a non-cytotoxic RIPK1 inhibitor (IC50=12.12 µM). AV123 blocks the TNF-α-induced necroptotic (EC50=1.7 μM) but not the apoptotic cell death. AV123 can be used in the study of necrotic chronic conditions such as ischemia-reperfusion injury of the brain, heart and kidney, inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and infectious diseases[1].
Zinc Protoporphyrin (Zn(II)-protoporphyrin IX) is a competitive heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibitor, markedly attenuates the protective effects of Phloroglucinol (PG) against H2O2[1]. Zinc Protoporphyrin is a normal metabolite formed in trace amounts during heme biosynthesis and used as a screening marker of iron deficiency in individual pregnant women and children, but also to assess population iron status in combination with haemoglobin concentration[2].
Calcium stearate is a long chain dietary saturated fatty acid which exists in many animal and vegetable fats and oils.
L-Alanine is a non-essential amino acid, involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases immunity, and provides energy for muscle tissue, brain, and central nervous system.
Oleic acid-13C18 (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid-13C18) is the 13C labeled Oleic acid. Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid[1]. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator[2].
Ganirelix acetate (Ganirest) is an injectable competitive gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist. Ganirelix acetate directly competes against the endogenous molecule for receptor binding, and causes a rapid reduction in estradiol levels. Ganirelix acetate can be used for researching ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS)[1].
Ainsliadimer C, a potential activator of SIRT1, ameliorates inflammatory responses in adipose tissue.
Coumermycin A1 is a JAK2 signal activator. Coumermycin A1 inhibits DNA Gyrase which thereby inhibits cell division in bacteria.
K579 is a potent and orally active dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor. K579 inhibits the blood glucose elevation. K579 increases the plasma insulin and active forms of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). K579 has the potential for the research of diabetic[1].
(Asn10,Leu11,D-Trp12)-pTH-Related Protein (7-34) amide (human, mouse, rat) is a potent PTH-1R antagonist[1][2].
FXR/TGR5 agonist 1 has agonist action on FXR and TGR5, and can be used for the treatment of fatty liver disease.
Ganoderic acid Df is a lanostane-type triterpenoid, that can be isolated from the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum. Ganoderic acid Df potently inhibits aldose reductase, with an IC50 of 22.8 ± 0.6 μM[1].
PF-07202954 is a weakly basic DGAT2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 10 nM for human DGAT2. PF-07202954 lowers liver triglyceride content in a Western-diet-fed rat model[1].
Altertoxin I (Dihydroalterperylenol) is a quinone-type mycotoxin produced by Alternaria alternata fungi, which is mutagenic and cytotoxic, and can weakly disrupts metabolic communication[1].
NF-κB-IN-7 (compound 1B) is a potent NF-κB inhibitor. NF-κB-IN-7 can be used for the research of cancer, inflammation, autoimmune diseases, diabetes and diabetes complications, infections, cardiovascular disease and defective reperfusion injury[1].
Metyrapone is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450-mediated ω/ω-1 hydroxylase activity and CYP11B1.Target: CYP11B1Metyrapone is a drug used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency and occasionally in the treatment of Cushing's syndrome (hypercortisolism). Metyrapone blocks cortisol synthesis by reversibly inhibiting steroid 11β-hydroxylase. This stimulates ACTH secretion, which in turn increases plasma 11-Deoxycortisol levels.
NaPi2b-IN-3 (compound 5) is a potent sodium-dependent transport protein 2b (SLC34A2, NaPi2b) inhibitor with IC50s of 71 nM and 28 nM for human NaPi2b and rat NaPi2b, respectively. NaPi2b-IN-3 can be used for researching hyperphosphatemia[1].
BMS-770767 is an 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1) inhibitor in type 2 diabetes. 11β-HSD1 is an important enzyme that is widely expressed in liver, adipose tissue and other tissues and plays an important role in metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity[1].
trans-trans-Muconic acid-d4-1 is a deuterium labeled trans-trans-Muconic acid (HY-113247). trans-trans-Muconic acid is a urinary metabolite of benzene and has been used as a biomarker of exposure to benzene in human.
Trimyristin, an active molluscicidal component of Myristica fragrans Houtt, significantly inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE), acid and alkaline phosphatase (ACP/ALP) activities in the nervous tissue of Lymnaea acuminata. IC50s of Trimyristin against AChE, ACP, and ALP are 0.11, 0.16 and 0.18 mM, respectively[1].
Tetrahydrofluoroene 52 is a potent and selective estrogen receptor β agonist.
Kynuramine, an endogenously occurring amine, is a fluorescent substrate and probe of plasma amine oxidase[1][2].
DL-Alanine-3-13C is the 13C-labeled DL-Alanine. DL-alanine, an amino acid, is the racemic compound of L- and D-alanine. DL-alanine is employed both as a reducing and a capping agent, used with silver nitrate aqueous solutions for the production of nanoparticles. DL-alanine can be used for the research of transition metals chelation, such as Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(11). DL-alanine, a sweetener, is classed together with glycine, and sodium saccharin. DL-alanine plays a key role in the glucose-alanine cycle between tissues and liver[1][2][3][4][5][6].
Thyrotropin (TSH) is a thyroid-stimulating hormone produced by thyrotrope cells in the anterior pituitary gland. Thyrotropin regulates the endocrine function of the thyroid[1][2].
Fasiglifam (TAK-875) hemihydrate is a potent, selective and orally active GPR40 agonist with EC50 of 72 nM. Fasiglifam enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion and improves hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic rats. Fasiglifam can induce liver injury[1][2][3][4].
(2E,9Z)-Octadeca-2,9-dienoic acid, a polyunsaturated fatty acid, can be used for the research of lipoxygenase-dependent metabolism[1].
D-α-Tocopherol acetate (D-Vitamin E acetate) can be hydrolyzed to d-alpha-tocopherol (VE) and absorbed in the small intestine[1].
SNT-207707 is a selective, potent and orally active melanocortin MC-4 receptor antagonist with an IC50 of 8 nM (binding) and 5 nM (function) on the MC-4 receptor.
Nisotirotide (LY-3457263) is a PYY analog agonist studied in type 2 diabetes and obesity[1].