Bumetanide sodium, a highly potent loop diuretic, is a Na+-K+-Cl+ cotransporter (NKCC) blocker. Bumetanide sodium is a selective NKCC1 inhibitor, and also inhibits NKCC2, with IC50s of 0.68 and 4.0 μM for hNKCC1A and hNKCC2A, respectively[1][2].
PD 125967 is an oligopeptide renin inhibitor. PD125967 can be used to low blood pressure[1].
Hydroxycitric acid tripotassium hydrate (Potassium citrate monohydrate) is the major active ingredient of Garcinia cambogia and a derivative of citric acid. Hydroxycitric acid tripotassium hydrate competitively inhibits ATP citrate lyase with weight loss benefits. Hydroxycitric acid tripotassium hydrate effective inhibits stones formation and also inhibits HIF, and has antioxidation, anti-inflammation and anti-tumor effects[1][2][3][4].
8-Hydroxyguanosine is a systematic marker of oxidative stress and a marker of hydroxyl radical damage to RNA.
Peucedanol is a non-competitive inhibitor of CYP3A4 with a Ki value of 4.07 μM and a competitive inhibitor of CYP1A2 and CYP2D6 with Ki values of 3.39 μM and 6.77 μM, respectively[1].
hCAI/II-IN-5 (compound MZ8) is a potent hCA I and hCA II (human carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes I and II) inhibitor, with IC50 values of 37.88 and 45.23 nM, respectively. hCAI/II-IN-5 also shows inhibition profile against α-Glycosidase and AChE, with IC50 values of 48.98 and 420.14 nM, respectively. hCAI/II-IN-5 can be used for the research of many diseases such as diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, heart failure, ulcer, and epilepsy[1].
Alkaline phosphatase is a membrane-bound glycoprotein that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphate monoesters at basic pH values. Alkaline phosphatase can be used for molecular biology and enzyme immunoassay[1].
L-Cysteine is a thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form cystine.
1-Palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PE is a lysophospholipid acyl acceptor. 1-Palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PE is used as a structure-related lipid control[1].
Malic enzyme inhibitor ME1 (ME1) is a multifunctional protein involved in glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, NADPH production, glutamine metabolism, and lipogenesis[1]. Malic enzyme inhibitor ME1 regulates one of the main pathways that provide nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), which is essential for cancer cell growth through maintenance of redox balance and biosynthesis processes in the cytoplasm. Malic enzyme inhibitor ME1 disrupts metabolism in cancer cells and inhibits cancer cell growth by inducing senescence or apoptosis [2].
Magnoloside B is an α-glucosidase inhibitor (IC50=0.69 mM), which can be obtained from Magnolia officinalis stem bark. Magnoloside B shows moderate inhibitory activity against MGC-803 and HepG2 cells. Magnoloside B has the potential to study cancer and diabetes[1].
Bay 55-9837 is a potent and highly selective agonist of VPAC2, with a Kd of 0.65 nM. Bay 55-9837 may be a useful therapy for the research of type 2 diabetes[1].
LX2761 is chemically stable and potent inhibitor against sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) and SGLT2 in vitro with IC50s of 2.2 nM and 2.7nM for hSGLT1 and hSGLT2, but displays specific SGLT1 inhibition in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract[1].
BDC2.5 mimotope 1040-31 is a strong agonistic peptide for diabetogenic T cell clone BDC2.5, and the 1040-31 peptide is specific for BDC 2.5 TCR Tg+ T cells[1][2].
PPARγ agonist 8 is an agonist of PPARγ. PPARγ agonist 8 induces peroxisome proliferator response element (PPRE)-luciferase activity with an EC50 of 0.2 μM[1].
Galactose 1-phosphate-13C-1 potassium is the 13C labeled Galactose 1-phosphate Potassium salt. Galactose 1-phosphate Potassium salt is is an intermediate in the galactose metabolism and nucleotide sug[1][2].
Clebopride malate is a dopamine antagonist drug with antiemetic and prokinetic properties used to treat functional gastrointestinal disorders. Target: dopamineClebopride is a substituted benzamide, closely related to metoclopramide.
(+)-Afzelechin, isolated from rhizomes of Bergenia ligulata, is an alpha-glucosidase activity inhibitor with an ID50 (50% inhibition dose) value of 0.13 mM. (+)-Afzelechin can delay the absorption of carbohydrates in food to suppress postprandial hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia[1].
Cholesterol-13C2 is the 13C labeled Cholesterol. Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals and is makes up 20-25% of structural component of the plasma membrane. Plasma membranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins[1][2]. Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist[3].
Sibirioside A is a phenylpropanoid glycoside isolated from Scrophulariae Radix. Sibirioside A has the potential for the treatment of diabetes[1].
FK-448 Free base is an effective and specific inhibitor of chymotrypsin, with an IC50 of 720 nM.
Teglicar is a selective and reversible inhibitor of liver isoform of carnitine palmitoyl-transferase 1 (L-CPT1). Teglicar reduces ketogenesis and glucose production, decreases gluconeogenesis and improves glucose homeostasis. Teglicar has a potential antihyperglycemic propert[1].
Eprotirome is a liver-selective thyroid hormone receptor agonist.
Sitagliptin fenilalanil is a dipeptidyl aminopeptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor[1].
Trometamol is a biologically inert amino alcohol of low toxicity, which buffers carbon dioxide and acids in vitro and in vivo. Trometamol is an effective amine compound for pH control in the physiological range[1].
(5E,9E,13E)-Teprenone ((5E,9E,13E)-Geranylgeranylacetone) is an isomer of Teprenone with antiulcer activity. (5E,9E,13E)-Teprenone induces transcriptional activation of HSP genes that may increase gastric mucosal defense at conditions of stress[1].
Loliolide, a Carotenoid Metabolite, is a potential endogenous inducer of herbivore resistance. Loliolide also inhibits the seedling growth.
TRIA-662-d3 is the deuterium labeled TRIA-662[1]. TRIA-662 (1-Methylnicotinamide chloride) is an endogenous metabolite. TRIA-662 shows antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory activities[2].
Valosin (porcine) is a biologically active peptide with 25-amino-acid. Valosin (porcine) can be isolated recently from pig intestine. Valosin (porcine) can be used for the research of digestive system[1].