Apamin, an 18 amino acid peptide neurotoxin found in apitoxin (bee venom), is known to block Ca2+-activated K+ channels and prevent carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis.
Octamylamine is an anticholinergic and antispasmodic agent[1].
14(S)-HDHA (14(S)-HDoHE) is an oxygenation product of Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). 14(S)-HDHA is a marker reflecting activation of a Docosahexaenoic acid carbon 14-lipoxygenation pathway[1].
MAGL-IN-4 is an orally active, selective and reversible monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitor with an IC50 of 6.2 nM. MAGL-IN-4 can penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). MAGL-IN-4 enhances endocannabinoid signaling mostly by the increase in the level of 2-AG via selective MAGL inhibition in the brain[1].
Ac-D-DGla-LI-Cha-C is a potent HCV protease inhibitor peptide. Ac-D-DGla-LI-Cha-C can be used for the research of cancer, autoimmune diseases, fibrotic diseases, inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, infectious diseases, lung diseases, heart and vascular diseases and metabolic diseases[1].
NTRC-824 (Compound 5) is a potent, selective and neurotensin-like nonpeptide neurotensin receptor type 2 (NTS2) antagonist with an IC50 of 38 nM and a Ki of 202 nM. NTRC-824 is >150-fold selectivity for NTS2 over NTS1 (Ki >30 μM)[1].
ER proteostasis regulator-1 (compound 481) is a potent ER proteostasis regulator. ER proteostasis regulator-1 has the potential for the research of Alzheimer's disease and diabetes[1].
Dynorphin B (1-9) is a neuropeptide and N-terminal cleavage product of dynorphin B. The formation of dynorphin B (1-9) is blocked by N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), a non-selective inhibitor of cysteine peptidases[1].
Zicronapine (Lu 31-130) fumarate is an antipsychotic medication with a strong pro-cognitive effect in animal models and the potential to treat a number of neurological and psychiatric diseases. Zicronapine (Lu 31-130) fumarate has potent antagonistic effects at dopamine D1/D2, and serotonin 5-HT2A receptors[1][2].
P7C3-A20 is a derivative of P7C3 with potent neuroprotective activity.
Alstonine is a major indole alkaloid compound of a plant-based remedy. Alstonine has antipsychotic, anxiolytic, anticancer and antimalarial properties[1].
Pramipexole is a dopamine agonist of the non-ergoline class indicated for treating Parkinson's disease (PD) and restless legs syndrome (RLS).Target: Dopamine Receptor Pramipexole also possesses low/insignificant affinity (500-10,000 nM) for the 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D, and α2-adrenergic receptors. It has negligible affinity (>10,000 nM) for the D1, D5, 5-HT2, α1-adrenergic, β-adrenergic, H1, and mACh receptors. All sites assayed were done using human tissues. While pramipexole is used clinically, its D3-preferring receptor binding profile has made it a popular tool compound for preclinical research. Pramipexole has been used (in combination with D2- and or D3-preferring antagonists) to interrogate the role of D3 receptor function in rodent models and tasks for neuropsychiatric disorders [1-3].
Levophacetoperane inhibits in vitro in a competitive manner, norepinephrin uptake and dopamine uptake.
ω-Conotoxin GVIA is an inhibitor of the N-type Ca2+ channel[1].
Methyl kakuol shows agonistic activity against TRPA1 with an EC50 of 0.27 µM[1].
Brofaromine is a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor with IC50 of 0.2 μM for MAO-A.
GW274150 (dihydrochloride) is a potent, selective, orally active and NADPH-dependent inhibitor of human inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (IC50=2.19 μM; Kd=40 nM) and rat iNOS (ED50=1.15 μM). GW274150 (dihydrochloride) displays less potency for both humans or rats endothelial NOS (eNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS). GW274150 (dihydrochloride) exerts a protective role in an acute model of lung injury inflammation[1][2][3].
GR231118, an analogue of the C-terminus of neuropeptide Y, is a potent , competitive and relative seletive antagonist at human neuropeptide Y Y receptor with a pKi of 10.4. GR231118 a potent agonist at the human neuropeptide Y Y4 receptor (pEC50=8.6; pKi=9.6) and a weak agonist at the human and rat neuropeptide YY2 and Y5 receptors. GR231118 also has high affinity for the mouse neuropeptide Y Y6 receptor (pKi= 8.8)[1].
Smilagenin (SMI) is a lipid-soluble small-molecule steroidal sapogenin from Rhizoma anemarrhenae and Radix asparagi widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for treating chronic neurodegeneration diseases[1]. Smilagenin (SMI) improves memory of aged rats by increasing the muscarinic receptor subtype 1 (M1)-receptor density[2].Smilagenin (SMI) attenuates Aβ(25-35)-induced neurodegenerationvia stimulating the gene expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, may represents a novel therapeutic strategy for AD[3].
Monoamine oxidase is an enzyme composed of different polypeptides. Monoamine oxidation catalyzes the oxidative deamination of various biological amines in brain and peripheral tissues by producing hydrogen peroxide. Monoamine oxidase plays an important role in maintaining the regulation of synaptic transmission, emotional behavior and other brain functions[1][2].
(S)-(-)-HA 966 ((-)-HA 966), a γ-Hydroxybutyrate-like agent, is weakly active as an NMDA-receptor antagonist. (S)-(-)-HA 966 possesses muscle relaxant action and prevents enhanced mesocorticolimbic dopamine metabolism and behavioral correlates of restraint stress, conditioned fear[1][2].
MPX-004 is a potent GluN2A antagonist. MPX-004 inhibits GluN2A-containing NMDA receptors expressed in HEK cells with an IC50 of 79 nM. MPX-004 has no inhibitory effect on GluN2B or GluN2D receptor-mediated responses. MPX-004 has the potential for neuropsychiatric and developmental disorders research[1].
GW-405833 (L768242) is a potent, selective cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) agonist with an EC50 of 50.7 nM. GW-405833 also behaves as a noncompetitive CB1 antagonist. GW-405833 suppresses inflammatory and neuropathic pain[1][2].
(2R,3R)-Chlorpheg is a week antagonist of L-homocysteic acid (L-HCA) induced depolarization.(2R,3R)-Chlorpheg also is a weak N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist[1].
Crenezumab (MABT 5102A; RG 7412) is a fully humanized anti-Aβ monoclonal antibody that binds multiple forms of Aβ, such as soluble, oligomeric and fibrillar, for use in Alzheimer's disease research[1].
tCFA15 is a trimethyl cyclohexenonic long chain fatty alcohol containing 15 carbon atoms on the side chain, promotes the differentiation of neurons, and may regulates Notch signaling.
Naloxone hydrochloride is a potent opioid receptor antagonist.
Icalcaprant is a kappa-opioid receptor antagonist[1].
Solriamfetol hydrochloride (JZP-110 hydrochloride) is an orally active and selective dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor with IC50s of 2.9 μM and 4.4 μM for dopamine and norepinephrine transporters, respectively. Solriamfetol hydrochloride has robust wake-promoting effects[1][2].
ASK1-IN-5 (S-99) is an inhibitor of apoptosis signal-regulated kinase 1 (ASK1) and is useful in the study of autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases[1].