GNE-502 is an orally active and potent degrader for estrogen receptor (ER). GNE-502 can be used for the research of breast cancer[1].
GNE-149 is an orally bioavailable full antagonist of estrogen receptor α (ERα; IC50=0.053 nM). GNE-149 is a selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD). GNE-149 can be used for the research of breast cancer[1].
Bazedoxifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) currently in development for osteoporosis prevention and treatment.IC50 value:Target: estrogen receptor modulatorPreclinical and clinical studies with bazedoxifene demonstrate more tissue selectivity than other SERMs. In particular, bazedoxifene has minimal if any agonist activity in the uterus and is able to antagonize effects of estrogen on the uterus. Animal studies and early clinical studies suggest effects in the bone similar to other SERMs with prevention of postmenopausal bone loss.
Raloxifene 6-Monomethyl Ether (Compound 7) is a Raloxifene derivative that inhibits estrogen receptor α. Raloxifene 4-Monomethyl Ether inhibits MCF-7 cells with an IC50 of 250 nM and a pIC50 of 6.6[1].
(Rac)-ErSO-DFP is a derivative of ErSO-DFP and a selective small molecule Erα biomodulator. (Rac)-ErSO-DFP againsts ERα+ breast cancer (including resistant tumors) by hyperactiving the Erα-dependent a-UPR (extracted from patent WO2022087234A1)[1].
ER degrader 1 is a potent degrader of estrogen receptor (ER). The estrogen signaling system plays an important role in regulating cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. ER degrader 1 has the potential for the research of cancer diseases (extracted from patent WO2021139756A1, compound 11)[1].
Endoxifen E-isomer is the E-isomer of (Z)-Endoxifen. (Z)-Endoxifen, an active metabolite generated via actions of CYP3A4/5 and CYP2D6, is a more potent selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) than Tamoxifen.
Raloxifene hydrochloride(LY156758 hydrochloride) is a second generation selective estrogen receptor antagonist.Target: Estrogen receptorApproved: September 14, 2007Raloxifene activates TGF beta 3 promoter as a full agonist at nanomolar concentrations, and raloxifene inhibits the estrogen response element-containing vitellogenin promoter expression as a pure estrogen antagonist in transient transfection assays [1]. Raloxifene, has been demonstrated as a potent uncompetitive inhibitor of human liver aldehyde oxidase-catalyzed oxidation of phthalazine, vanillin, and nicotine-Delta1'(5')-iminium ion, with Ki values of 0.87 nM, 1.2 nM and 1.4 nM. Raloxifene has also been shown to be a noncompetitive inhibitor of an aldehyde oxidase-catalyzed reduction reaction of a hydroxamic acid-containing compound, with a Ki of 51 nM [2]. Raloxifene (3 mg/kg/day) has potent estrogenic activity on bone resorption and serum cholesterol, a lesser effect on bone formation, and minimal activity on uterine wet weight in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. [3]. Raloxifene (0.1 mg/kg-10 mg/kg, orally for 5 weeks) increases bone mineral density in the distal femur and proximal tibia in ovariectomized (OVX) rat. Raloxifene reduces serum cholesteroloral with ED50 of 0.2 mg/kg in ovariectomized (OVX) rat. Raloxifene diverges dramatically from estrogen in its lack of significant estrogenic effects on uterine tissue [4]. Raloxifene prevents cancellous osteopenia as well as the changes in radial bone growth, bone resorption, and blood cholesterol, but is less effective in reducing cancellous bone formation and does not prevent uterine atrophy in ovariectomized (OVX) rats [5].
Lasofoxifene Tartrate is a non-steroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM).
6-Raloxifene-β-D-glucopyranoside, a derivative of Raloxifene, is a benzothiophene glucuronidated at the 6' postion. 6-Raloxifene-β-D-glucopyranoside is a selective and orally active estrogen receptor antagonist. 6-Raloxifene-β-D-glucopyranoside can be used for inhibiting bone loss and resorption, and lowering lipid levels. 6'-Raloxifene-β-D-glucopyranoside, compound Ia, is extracted from patent US5567820A[1].
H3B-5942 is a selective, irreversible and orally active estrogen receptor covalent antagonist, inactivates both wild-type and mutant ERα by targeting Cys530, with Kis of 1 nM and 0.41 nM, respectively. H3B-5942 reduces ERα target gene GREB1, shows potent antitumor activity both in multiple cell lines or animals bearing ERαWT or ERα mutations[1].
ERα antagonist 1 (Compound 19d) is a potent, selective, covalent estrogen receptor α (ERα) antagonist. ERα antagonist 1 induces apoptosis and cell cycle G0/G1 phase arrest in MCF-7 cells[1].
Endoxifen (E-isomer hydrochloride) is a tamoxifen metabolite and potent Selective Estrogen Response Modifier (SERM). Target: Estrogen Receptor/ERREndoxifen is considered a prodrug, since it has a much higher potency for the estrogen receptor than its parent drug. Endoxifen inhibits the hERG channel protein trafficking to the plasma membrane in a concentration-dependent manner with Endoxifen being more potent than Tamoxifen. [1] Endoxifen is also shown to be a more potent inhibitor of estrogen target genes when ERβ is expressed. Additionally, low concentrations of Endoxifen observed in Tamoxifen treated patients with deficient CYP2D6 activity (20 to 40 nM) markedly inhibit estrogen-induced cell proliferation rates in the presence of ERβ, whereas much higher Endoxifen concentrations are needed when ERβ is absent.[2]
WAY-200070 is a selective estrogen receptor β (ERRβ) agonist with an IC50 of 2.3 nM.
(R,R)-THC is an ERα agonist and an ERβ antagonist, with Kis of 9.0 nM and 3.6 nM for ERα and ERβ, respectively. (R,R)-THC has higher relative binding affinity for ERβ than ERα with the values of 25 and 3.6[1].
Estrogen receptor α antagonist 1 (compound 35) is a highly selective antagonist of estrogen receptor α, with IC50s of 0.02, 6.55 and 7.73 μM for estrogen receptor α, estrogen receptor β and MCF-7 cells, respectively. Estrogen receptor α antagonist 1 (compound 35) can be used for the research of cancer[1].
Tetrahydrofluoroene 52 is a potent and selective estrogen receptor β agonist.
Clomifene Citrate is a selective estrogen receptor modulator.Target: Estrogen Receptor/ERRClomifene Citrate(CC) acted as an estrogen antagonist regardless of the concentration of E2 added together. In conclusion, CC acts as an estrogen agonist/antagonist via ER alpha in a coexisting estrogen concentration-dependent way whereas it acts as an estrogen antagonist via ER beta whether or not estrogen is present [1]. Clomiphene was effective in increasing pregnancy rate compared to placebo (OR 5.8, 95% CI 1.6 to 21.5) as was clomiphene plus dexamethasone treatment (OR 9.46, 95% CI 5.1 to 17.7) compared to clomiphene alone. A significant improvement in the pregnancy rate was reported for clomiphene plus combined oral contraceptives versus clomiphene alone. No evidence of a difference in effect on pregnancy rate was found with any of the other comparisons [2].
H3B-6545 Hydrochloride is an oral, selective estrogen receptor covalent antagonist (SERCA).
LY117018, a Raloxifene analog, is a selective estrogen receptor modulator. LY117018 exerts antiproliferative effects on breast cancer cell lines[1][2].
BHPI is a potent inhibitor of nuclear estrogen–ERα-regulated gene expression; elicits sustained ERα-dependent activation of the endoplasmic reticulum (EnR) stress sensor, the unfolded protein response (UPR), and persistent inhibition of protein synthesis.IC50 value:Target: ERα inhibitorBHPI is effective because it elicits sustained ERα-dependent activation of the endoplasmic reticulum (EnR) stress sensor, the unfolded protein response (UPR), and persistent inhibition of protein synthesis. BHPI distorts a newly described action of estrogen-ERα: mild and transient UPR activation. In contrast, BHPI elicits massive and sustained UPR activation, converting the UPR from protective to toxic. In ERα(+) cancer cells, BHPI rapidly hyperactivates plasma membrane PLCγ, generating inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3), which opens EnR IP3R calcium channels, rapidly depleting EnR Ca(2+) stores.
Inokosterone is a potential drug target of estrogen receptor 1 in rheumatoid arthritis patients[1].
ER degrader 7 (Compound 35t) is an ERα and ERβ degrader. ER degrader 7 inhibits tubulin polymerization. ER degrader 7 inhibits cell viability with IC50s of 0.06, 2.56, 15.84, 1.59, 1.67, 1.37 μM for MCF-7, T47D, MCF-10A, LCC2, T47D D538G, and T47D Y537S cells respectively. ER degrader 7 also inhibits breast cancer tumor growth[1].
Estradiol enanthate is a shorter-acting estrogen. The combination of Estradiol enanthate and dihydroxyprogesterone acetophenide can be used as a monthly injectable contraceptive[1][2].
Pipendoxifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM).
AZD9496 is a potent and selective estrogen receptor (ERα) antagonist with an IC50 of 0.28 nM.
ER degrader 6 (compound 35s) is a potent Estrogen Receptor (ER)α degrader. ER degrader 6 disrupts the microtubule network by restraining tubulin polymerization. ER degrader 6 suppresses tumor growth without noticeable poisonousness[1].
Estetrol, a natural estrogen synthesized exclusively during pregnancy by the human fetal liver, is a selective nuclear estrogen receptor modulator. Estetrol exerts estrogenic actions on the endometrium or the central nervous system but presents antagonistic effects on the breast[1][2].
CB7432 is a novel tissue-specific selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM).