AC-186 is a selective non-steroidal estrogen receptor β (ERβ) agonist with EC50s of 6 nM and 5000 nM for ERβ and ERα, respectively. AC-186 shows gender specific neuroprotection in a Parkinson’s Disease rat model[1].
Cyclofenil is a selective estrogen receptor modulator and an ovulation-inducing agent. Cyclofenil shows an inhibitory effect on dengue virus replication in Vero cells with an EC50 of 1.62 μM. Cyclofenil has anti-dengue-virus activity[1][2].
N-Desmethyltamoxifen is the major metabolite of tamoxifen in humans. N-Desmethyltamoxifen, a poor antiestrogen, is a ten-fold more potent protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor than Tamoxifen. N-Desmethyltamoxifen is also a potent regulator of ceramide metabolism in human AML cells, limiting ceramide glycosylation, hydrolysis, and sphingosine phosphorylation[1][2][3].
Cholesterol-d6 is the deuterium labeled Cholesterol. Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals and is makes up 20-25% of structural component of the plasma membrane. Plasma membranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins[1][2]. Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist[3][4].
(E)-4-Hydroxytamoxifen, the less active isomer of (Z)-4-hydroxytamoxifen, is an estrogen receptor modulator.
SR19881 is a potent dual agonist of ERRγ and ERRβ, with EC50 values of 0.39 and 0.63 μM, respectively[1].
DY131(GSK 9089) is a novel selective agonist of ERRβ and ERRγ; displays minimal activity at ERRα, ERα and ERβ at concentrations up to 30 μM.IC50 value:Target: ERRβ/γDY131, a selective ERRγ agonist, could potentiate the ERRγ-induced growth inhibition in LNCaP- ERRγ and DU145- ERRγ cells in a dose-dependent manner compared with respective parental cells. DY131 inhibited the growth of the ERα-positive endometrial cancer cells but promoted that of the ERα-negative cancer cells. DY131 had no effect on the structurally related receptors ERRα or the estrogen receptors alpha and beta (ERalpha/beta). DY131 appears to inhibit Smo signaling through a common binding site shared by previously reported Smo agonists and antagonists.
ER degrader 3 is a potent degrader of estrogen receptor (ER). The estrogen signaling system plays an important role in regulating cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. ER degrader 3 has the potential for the research of cancer diseases (extracted from patent WO2018233591A1, compound 1)[1].
PROTAC ERRalpha Degrader-2 comprises a MDM2 ligand binding group, a linker and an estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRa) binding group. PROTAC ERRalpha Degrader-2 is an estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRa) degrader[1].
Endoxifen Z-isomer is the most important Tamoxifen metabolite responsible for eliciting the anti-estrogenic effects of this drug in breast cancer cells expressing estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα). Endoxifen inhibits hERG tail currents at 50 mV in a concentration-dependent manner with IC50 values of 1.6 μM.IC50 value: 1.6 μM [1]Target: hERG Potassium Channel, Estrogen Receptor/ERREndoxifen Z-isomer is considered a prodrug, since it has a much higher potency for the estrogen receptor than its parent drug. Endoxifen inhibits the hERG channel protein trafficking to the plasma membrane in a concentration-dependent manner with Endoxifen being more potent than Tamoxifen. [1] Endoxifen is also shown to be a more potent inhibitor of estrogen target genes when ERβ is expressed. Additionally, low concentrations of Endoxifen Z-isomer observed in Tamoxifen treated patients with deficient CYP2D6 activity (20 to 40 nM) markedly inhibit estrogen-induced cell proliferation rates in the presence of ERβ, whereas much higher Endoxifen Z-isomer concentrations are needed when ERβ is absent.[2]
Estradiol-d5 is deuterium labeled Estradiol. Estradiol is a steroid sex hormone vital to the maintenance of fertility and secondary sexual characteristics in females. Estradiol upregulates IL-6 expression through the estrogen receptor β (ERβ) pathway[1][2][3].
GDC-0927 (SRN-927) is a novel, potent, non-steroidal, orally bioavailable, selective estrogen receptor antagonist.
Segetalin B, a cyclopentapeptide from Vaccaria segetalis, possesses estrogen-like activity[1][2].
PROTAC ERRalpha Degrader-1 comprises a MDM2 ligand binding group, a linker and an estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRa) binding group. PROTAC ERRalpha Degrader-1 is an estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRa) degrader[1].
SLU-PP-332 is a pan-Estrogen Receptor/ERR agonist with EC50 values of 98, 230 and 430 nM for ERRα, ERRβ and ERRγ, respectively. SLUPP-332 enhances mitochondrial function and cellular respiration in skeletal muscle cell lines. SLU-PP-332 has the potential to study metabolic diseases as well as improve muscle function[1].
PROTAC ER Degrader-4 is a PROATC estrogen receptor (ER) degrader, binding to ER with an IC50 of 0.8 nM. PROTAC ER Degrader-4 induces ER degradation in MCF-7 cells with an IC50 of 0.3 nM[1].
Lasofoxifene (CP-336156) is an orally active and selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Lasofoxifene exhibits an anti-osteoporotic function and also inhibits primary tumor growth and metastases. Lasofoxifene can be used for research of breast cancer and postmenopausal osteoporosis[1][2].
4'-Raloxifene-β-D-glucopyranoside, a metabolite of Raloxifene, is a benzothiophene glucuronidated at the 4' postion. 4'-Raloxifene-β-D-glucopyranoside is a selective and orally active estrogen receptor antagonist. 4'-Raloxifene-β-D-glucopyranoside can be used for inhibiting bone loss and resorption, and lowering lipid levels. 4'-Raloxifene-β-D-glucopyranoside, example 5, is extracted from patent US5567820A[1].
ERα ligand 1 is an estrogen ligand, which targets estrogen receptor α (ERα). ERα ligand 1 binds to cIAP1 ligand Bestatin via a linker to form PROTACs[1].
DS45500853 is an estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist. DS45500853 inhibits the binding between receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP140) corepressor peptide (10 nM) and GST-ERRα ligand-binding domain (LBD; 1.2 μM) with an >IC50 value of 0.80 μM. DS45500853 can be used for the research of metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)[1].
Fulvestrant is a potent Estrogen Receptor antagonist with an IC50 of 9.4 nM.
Estriol is an antagonist of the G-protein coupled estrogen receptor in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells.Target: Estrogen Receptor/ERRA recent study shows that estrogen (estrone, estradiol, and estriol) inhibits Alzheimer's disease-associated low-order Aβ oligomer formation, and among them, estriol shows the strongest in vitro activity [1]. In mPTEN+/- mice, estriol treatments resulted in a 187.54% gain in the relative ratio of uterine wet weight to body weight; estriol also increases the ratio to 176.88% in wild-type mice [2]. Estriol treatment (20 mg/kg ip), in vivo, sensitizes Kupffer cells to LPS via mechanisms dependent on an increase in CD14 by elevated portal blood endotoxin caused by increased gut permeability in rats; while one-half of the rats given estriol intraperitoneally 24 hours before an injection of a sublethal dose of LPS (5 mg/kg) died within 24 hours [3].
GSK5182 is a highly selective inverse agonist of estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ) with an IC50 of 79 nM and does not interact with other nuclear receptors, including ERRα or ERα, due to its additional non-covalent interactions with Y326 and N346 at the active site of ERRγ. GSK5182 also induces Reactive Oxyen Species (ROS) generation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)[1][2][3].
Imlunestrant (LY-3484356) tosylate is an orally active, potent and selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD) with pure antagonistic properties. Imlunestrant tosylate results in sustained inhibition of ER-dependent gene transcription and cell growth. Imlunestrant tosylate can be used for the research of ER-positive (ER+) advanced breast cancer (aBC) and endometrial endometrioid cancer (EEC)[1][2].
R)-DPN (compound 3) is a selective ERβ ligand with EC50s of 2.9, 0.8 nM for ERα and ERβ, respectively. (R)-DPN shows a very high affinity and potency preference for ERβ over ERα. (R)-DPN shows cytoxicity for HEC-1 and U2OS cells with EC50s of 286, 205 nM, respectively[1].
Estrogen receptor antagonist 2 is a potent and orally active estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist, example 17, extracted from patent US20180111931A1. Estrogen receptor antagonist 2 is used for the study of breast cancer[1].
Estrogen receptor antagonist 3 is a potent antagonist of estrogen receptor (ER). The estrogen signaling system plays an important role in regulating cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. Estrogen receptor antagonist 3 has the potential for the research of cancer diseases (extracted from patent WO2021213358A1, compound 7)[1].
Estropipate is a form of estrogen, used to treat symptoms of menopause, also used to prevent osteoporosis.
Estradiol is a steroid sex hormone vital to the maintenance of fertility and secondary sexual characteristics in females.
XCT-790 is a potent, selective and inverse agonist of estrogen-related receptor alpha(ERRα); induces cell death in chemotherapeutic resistant cancer cells.IC50 value:Target: ERRαERRalpha inverse agonist XCT-790 induced cell death in HepG2 hepatocarcinoma and its multi-drug resistance (MDR) sub-line R-HepG2. Using a dye Mitotracker Green which stains mitochondrion independent of mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)), XCT-790 dose-dependently decreased mitochondrial mass. Intriguingly, XCT-790 increased DeltaPsi(m) upon short term treatment but decreased DeltaPsi(m) upon longer term treatment. XCT-790 synergized with paclitaxel to induce cell death in multi-drug resistance sub-line R-HepG2 [1].XCT790 is a potent and specific inverse agonist of ERRα. XCT790 shows no significant antagonist activity on related nuclear receptors, such as ERR or ERα at concentrations below 10 μM. This also inhibits the constitutive activity of ER (Estrogen Receptor) [2].