Z-VAD(OMe)-FMK is a cell-permeable and irreversible pan-caspase inhibitor.
ZYZ-488 is a competitive apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (Apaf-1) inhibitor, which inhibits the activation of binding protein procaspase-9 and procaspase-3[1].
Ac-YVAD-cmk (Caspase-1 Inhibitor II) is a selective caspase-1 (IL-1beta converting enzyme, ICE)) inhibitor with neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Ac-YVAD-cmk effectively suppresses the expression of IL-1β and IL-18. Ac-YVAD-cmk inhibits pyroptosis in many diseases[1][2].
Ac-FLTD-CMK, a gasdermin D (GSDMD)-derived inhibitor, is a specific inflammatory caspases inhibitor. Ac-FLTD-CMK is effective against caspases-1 (IC50 of 46.7 nM), caspases-4 (IC50 of 1.49 μM), caspases-5 (IC50 of 329 nM), and caspases-11 , but not the apoptotic caspases such as caspase-3[1].
Duocarmycin A, which is one of well-known antitumor antibiotics, efficiently alkylates adenine N3 at the 3′ end of AT-rich sequences in the DNA. Duocarmycin A, as a chemotherapeutic agent, results HLC-2 cells typically apoptotic changes, including chromatin condensation, sub-G1 accumulation in DNA histogram pattern, and decrease in procaspase-3 and 9 levels[1].
Ac-LEHD-AFC is a fluorescent substrate for caspase-9, can be used to assess the activity of caspase[1].
Aspidin BB is a phloroglucinol derivative, which can be isolated from the aerial part of Dryopteris championii. Aspidin BB has anticancer activity. Aspidin BB induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human ovarian HO-8910 cells[1][2].
SDZ 224-015 is an orally active inhibitor of the interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) converting enzyme and caspase-1. SDZ 224-015 possesses anti-COVID-19 activity, targeting Mpro (IC50 of 30 nM)[1][2].
Caspase-9 Inhibitor III (Ac-LEHD-cmk) is a caspase-9 inhibitor. Caspase-9 Inhibitor III exhibits protective effects on ischemia-reperfusion-induced myocardial injury[1].
Ginsenoside Rh4 is a rare saponin obtained from Panax notoginseng. Ginsenoside Rh4 activates Bax, caspase 3, caspase 8, and caspase 9. Ginsenoside Rh4 also induces autophagy.
VRT-043198, the drug metabolite of VX-765 (Belnacasan), is a potent, selective and blood-brain barrier permeable inhibitor of interleukin-converting enzyme/caspase-1 subfamily caspases. VRT-043198 exhibits Ki values of 0.8 nM and 0.6 nM for ICE/caspase-1 and caspase-4, respectively[1].
Boc-Asp(OME)-Fluoromethyl Ketone is a broad range caspase inhibitor that inhibits Fas-mediated phagocytosis and oxidative rupture inhibition, but does not affect the chemotactic activity of IL-8[1][2].
Z-LEHD-FMK is a selective and irreversible inhibitor of caspase-9, protects against lethal reperfusion injury and attenuates apoptosis. Z-LEHD-FMK exhibits the neuroprotective effect in a rat model of spinal cord trauma[1][2][3].
Tripeptide-32isa bioactive peptide with anti-aging effect and has been reported used as a cosmetic ingredient[1].
Nenocorilant (Relacorilant) is a potent, orally activity glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist with Ki value of 0.15 nM. Nenocorilant has pro-apoptotic effects and improves potency combined with cytotoxic agent. Nenocorilant can be used for cancer research[1][2][3].
Mca-DEVDAP-K(Dnp)-OH is a fluorogenic substrate for caspase-3[1].
Euptox A (9-Oxo-10, 11-dehydroageraphorone), a cadenine sesquiterpene, is the main toxin that can be isolated from Eupatorium adenophorum. Euptox A induces apoptosis by improving the gene expression level of apoptotic proteases such as caspase-10 in HeLa cells[1].
Nivalenol, classified as type B trichotecenes toxins produced by Fusarium graminearum, is a fungal metabolite present in agricultural product[1]. Nivalenol induces cell death through caspase-dependent mechanisms and via the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Nivalenol affects the immune system, causes emesis, growth retardation, reproductive disorders and has a haematotoxic/myelotoxic effect[2].
Trijuganone C, a natural product extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza, inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells through induction of apoptosis mediated by mitochondrial dysfunction and caspase activation[1].
Ac-DEVD-CHO is a specific Caspase-3 inhibitor with a Ki value of 230 pM.
PROTAC BRD4 Degrader-6 (compound 32a) is a potent small-molecule BRD4 degrader with IC50 value of 2.7 nM for BRD4 BD1. PROTAC BRD4 Degrader-6 potently degrades BRD4 protein and inhibits the expression of c-Myc. PROTAC BRD4 Degrader-6 inhibits the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC3 and induces apoptosis. PROTAC BRD4 Degrader-6 can be used for human pancreatic cancer research[1].
Demethoxyfumitremorgin C is a secondary metabolite of the marine fungus, Aspergillus fumigatus. Demethoxyfumitremorgin C induces prostate cancer cell apoptosis. Demethoxyfumitremorgin C activates caspase-3, -8, and -9, leading to PARP/ cleavage[1].
GRI977143 is a specific LPA2 receptor agonist, with an EC50 of 3.3 μM [1].
Q-VD-OPha is a irreversible pan-caspase inhibitor with potent antiapoptotic properties; inhibits caspase 7 with IC50 of 48 nM and 25-400 nM for other caspases including caspase 1, 3, 8, 9, 10, and 12. Q-VD-OPha is able to cross the blood-brain barrier.
Taurodeoxychloic Acid (sodium hydrate) prevents apoptosis by blocking a calcium-mediated apoptotic pathway as well as caspase-12 activation. Taurodeoxychloic Acid (sodium hydrate) is investigated for use in several conditions such as Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC), insulin resistance, amyloidosis, Cystic Fibrosis, Cholestasis, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis[1].
Crustecdysone (20-Hydroxyecdysone) is a naturally occurring ecdysteroid hormone isolated from Cyanotis arachnoides C.B.Clarke which controls the ecdysis (moulting) and metamorphosis of arthropods, it inhibits caspase activity and induces autophagy via the 20E nuclear receptor complex, EcR-USP[1].Crustecdysone exhibits regulatory or protective roles in the cardiovascular system[2].
Arnicolide D is a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Centipeda minima. Arnicolide D modulates the cell cycle, activates the caspase signaling pathway and inhibits the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and STAT3 signaling pathways. Arnicolide D inhibits Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell viability in a concentration- and time-dependent manner[1].
N1,N11-Diethylnorspermine (DENSPM) is a potent anticancer agent. N1,N11-Diethylnorspermine is a spermine analog that activates polyamine catabolism. N1,N11-Diethylnorspermine induces the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, resulting in activation of caspase 3. N1,N11-Diethylnorspermine kills glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells through induction of SSAT (spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase) coupled with H2O2 production[1][2][3].
Pralnacasan (VX-740) is a potent, selective, non-peptide and orally active interleukin-1β converting enzyme (ICE, caspase 1) inhibitor with a Ki of 1.4 nM. Pralnacasan inhibits proinflammatory cytokines IL-18, IL-1β , and IFN-γ. Pralnacasan has the potential for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis treatment[1][2].
Z-LEHD-FMK TFA is an irreversible caspase-9 inhibitor, protects against lethal reperfusion injury and attenuate apoptosis[1][2].