Autophagy is an intracellular degradation system that delivers cytoplasmic constituents to the lysosome. Autophagy plays a wide variety of physiological and pathophysiological roles. Different selective forms of autophagy have been identified and characterized, leading to the specific degradation of organelles or pathogens. These selective pathways include the autophagic degradation of mitochondria (mitophagy), peroxisomes (pexophagy), endoplasmic reticulum (reticulophagy or ER-phagy), ribosomes (ribophagy), protein aggregates (aggrephagy), lipid droplets (lipophagy), spermatozoon-inherited organelles following fertilization (allophagy), secretory granules within pancreatic cells (zymophagy), or intracellular pathogens (xenophagy).

Autophagy consists of several sequential steps--sequestration, transport to lysosomes, degradation, and utilization of degradation products--and each step may exert different function. Autophagy signal transduction are mainly regulated by autophagy-related genes/proteins, Atgs. ATGs have unveiled much of the machinery of autophagosome formation. Furthermore, different non-ATG proteins are involved in the regulation and process of autophagy, e.g., mTOR, AMPK, AKT, AMBRA1, BCL2, DFCP1, or VPS34.

Autophagy and its dysregulation have been implicated in different human diseases or processes, such as cancer, neurodegeneration, immunity, or aging. Plenty of drugs and natural products are involved in autophagy modulation, either inducing or inhibiting autophagy, through multiple signaling pathways. Small molecules that can regulate autophagy seem to have great potential to modulate the clinical course of neurodegenerative diseases or promote chemotherapeutic response in tumor models. Besides, several clinical drugs and compounds in diabetes are also found to involve regulation of autophagy.

References:
[1] Glick D, et al. J Pathol. 2010 May;221(1):3-12.
[2] Mizushima N. Genes Dev. 2007 Nov 15;21(22):2861-73.
[3] Wesselborg S, et al. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2015 Dec;72(24):4721-57.
[4] Zhang XW, et al. J Asian Nat Prod Res. 2017 Apr;19(4):314-319.


Anti-infection >
Arenavirus Bacterial CMV Enterovirus Filovirus Fungal HBV HCV HIV HSV Influenza Virus Parasite Reverse Transcriptase RSV SARS-CoV
Antibody-drug Conjugate >
ADC Cytotoxin ADC Linker Drug-Linker Conjugates for ADC PROTAC-linker Conjugate for PAC
Apoptosis >
Apoptosis Bcl-2 Family c-Myc Caspase DAPK Ferroptosis IAP MDM-2/p53 PKD RIP kinase Survivin Thymidylate Synthase TNF Receptor
Autophagy >
Autophagy LRRK2 ULK Mitophagy
Cell Cycle/DNA Damage >
Antifolate APC ATM/ATR Aurora Kinase Casein Kinase CDK Checkpoint Kinase (Chk) CRISPR/Cas9 Deubiquitinase DNA Alkylator/Crosslinker DNA-PK DNA/RNA Synthesis Eukaryotic Initiation Factor (eIF) G-quadruplex Haspin Kinase HDAC HSP IRE1 Kinesin LIM Kinase (LIMK) Microtubule/Tubulin Mps1 Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog p97 PAK PARP PERK Polo-like Kinase (PLK) PPAR RAD51 ROCK Sirtuin SRPK Telomerase TOPK Topoisomerase Wee1
Cytoskeleton >
Arp2/3 Complex Dynamin Gap Junction Protein Integrin Kinesin Microtubule/Tubulin Mps1 Myosin PAK
Epigenetics >
AMPK Aurora Kinase DNA Methyltransferase Epigenetic Reader Domain HDAC Histone Acetyltransferase Histone Demethylase Histone Methyltransferase JAK MicroRNA PARP PKC Sirtuin Protein Arginine Deiminase
GPCR/G Protein >
5-HT Receptor Adenosine Receptor Adenylate Cyclase Adiponectin Receptor Adrenergic Receptor Angiotensin Receptor Bombesin Receptor Bradykinin Receptor Cannabinoid Receptor CaSR CCR CGRP Receptor Cholecystokinin Receptor CRFR CXCR Dopamine Receptor EBI2/GPR183 Endothelin Receptor GHSR Glucagon Receptor Glucocorticoid Receptor GNRH Receptor GPCR19 GPR109A GPR119 GPR120 GPR139 GPR40 GPR55 GPR84 Guanylate Cyclase Histamine Receptor Imidazoline Receptor Leukotriene Receptor LPL Receptor mAChR MCHR1 (GPR24) Melatonin Receptor mGluR Motilin Receptor Neurokinin Receptor Neuropeptide Y Receptor Neurotensin Receptor Opioid Receptor Orexin Receptor (OX Receptor) Oxytocin Receptor P2Y Receptor Prostaglandin Receptor Protease-Activated Receptor (PAR) Ras RGS Protein Sigma Receptor Somatostatin Receptor TSH Receptor Urotensin Receptor Vasopressin Receptor Melanocortin Receptor
Immunology/Inflammation >
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor CCR Complement System COX CXCR FLAP Histamine Receptor IFNAR Interleukin Related IRAK MyD88 NO Synthase NOD-like Receptor (NLR) PD-1/PD-L1 PGE synthase Salt-inducible Kinase (SIK) SPHK STING Thrombopoietin Receptor Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Arginase
JAK/STAT Signaling >
EGFR JAK Pim STAT
MAPK/ERK Pathway >
ERK JNK KLF MAP3K MAP4K MAPKAPK2 (MK2) MEK Mixed Lineage Kinase MNK p38 MAPK Raf Ribosomal S6 Kinase (RSK)
Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel >
ATP Synthase BCRP Calcium Channel CFTR Chloride Channel CRAC Channel CRM1 EAAT2 GABA Receptor GlyT HCN Channel iGluR Monoamine Transporter Monocarboxylate Transporter Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger Na+/HCO3- Cotransporter Na+/K+ ATPase nAChR NKCC P-glycoprotein P2X Receptor Potassium Channel Proton Pump SGLT Sodium Channel TRP Channel URAT1
Metabolic Enzyme/Protease >
15-PGDH 5 alpha Reductase 5-Lipoxygenase Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Acyltransferase Adenosine Deaminase Adenosine Kinase Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Aldose Reductase Aminopeptidase Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) ATGL ATP Citrate Lyase Carbonic Anhydrase Carboxypeptidase Cathepsin CETP COMT Cytochrome P450 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Dopamine β-hydroxylase E1/E2/E3 Enzyme Elastase Enolase FAAH FABP Factor Xa Farnesyl Transferase Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) FXR Glucokinase GSNOR Gutathione S-transferase HCV Protease Hexokinase HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase HIV Integrase HIV Protease HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) HSP Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Lactate Dehydrogenase LXR MAGL Mineralocorticoid Receptor Mitochondrial Metabolism MMP Nampt NEDD8-activating Enzyme Neprilysin PAI-1 PDHK PGC-1α Phosphatase Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Phospholipase Procollagen C Proteinase Proteasome Pyruvate Kinase RAR/RXR Renin ROR Ser/Thr Protease SGK Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Thrombin Tryptophan Hydroxylase Tyrosinase Xanthine Oxidase
Neuronal Signaling >
5-HT Receptor AChE Adenosine Kinase Amyloid-β Beta-secretase CaMK CGRP Receptor COMT Dopamine Receptor Dopamine Transporter FAAH GABA Receptor GlyT iGluR Imidazoline Receptor mAChR Melatonin Receptor Monoamine Oxidase nAChR Neurokinin Receptor Opioid Receptor Serotonin Transporter γ-secretase
NF-κB >
NF-κB IKK Keap1-Nrf2 MALT1
PI3K/Akt/mTOR >
Akt AMPK ATM/ATR DNA-PK GSK-3 MELK mTOR PDK-1 PI3K PI4K PIKfyve PTEN
PROTAC >
PROTAC E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugate Ligand for E3 Ligase PROTAC Linker PROTAC-linker Conjugate for PAC
Protein Tyrosine Kinase/RTK >
Ack1 ALK Bcr-Abl BMX Kinase Btk c-Fms c-Kit c-Met/HGFR Discoidin Domain Receptor DYRK EGFR Ephrin Receptor FAK FGFR FLT3 IGF-1R Insulin Receptor IRAK Itk PDGFR PKA Pyk2 ROS Src Syk TAM Receptor Trk Receptor VEGFR
Stem Cell/Wnt >
Casein Kinase ERK Gli GSK-3 Hedgehog Hippo (MST) JAK Notch Oct3/4 PKA Porcupine ROCK sFRP-1 Smo STAT TGF-beta/Smad Wnt YAP β-catenin γ-secretase
TGF-beta/Smad >
TGF-beta/Smad PKC ROCK TGF-β Receptor
Vitamin D Related >
VD/VDR
Others >
Androgen Receptor Aromatase Estrogen Receptor/ERR Progesterone Receptor Thyroid Hormone Receptor Others

danusertib

Danusertib is a pyrrolo-pyrazole and aurora kinase inhibitor with IC50 of 13, 79, and 61 nM for Aurora A, B, and C, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 827318-97-8
  • MF: C26H30N6O3
  • MW: 474.555
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 664.1±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 355.5±31.5 °C

MAO-B-IN-26

MAO-B-IN-26 (Compound IC9) is a MAO-B and acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. MAO-B-IN-26 protects SH?SY5Y cells against Aβ induced cytotoxicity, morphological changes, ROS generation and membrane damage. MAO-B-IN-26 also inhibits Aβ induced autophagy and apoptosis. MAO-B-IN-26 can be used as a neuroprotective agent against Alzheimer’s disease[1].

  • CAS Number: 38470-71-2
  • MF: C17H12BrNO
  • MW: 326.19
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ponatinib (AP24534)

Ponatinib is a potent, orally available multi-targeted kinase inhibitor with IC50s of 0.37 nM, 1.1 nM, 1.5 nM, 2.2 nM, and 5.4 nM for Abl, PDGFRα, VEGFR2, FGFR1, and Src, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 943319-70-8
  • MF: C29H27F3N6O
  • MW: 532.560
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: >160 °C
  • Flash Point: N/A

Pregnenolone monosulfate

Pregnenolone monosulfate acts as a signaling-specific inhibitor of cannabinoid CB1 receptor, reduces several effects of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).

  • CAS Number: 1247-64-9
  • MF: C21H32O5S
  • MW: 396.54100
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

LRRK2 inhibitor 1

LRRK2 inhibitor 1 is a potent, selective and oral LRRK2 inhibitor with an pIC50 of 6.8 nM.

  • CAS Number: 1802525-61-6
  • MF: C20H23N5O4
  • MW: 397.43
  • Catalog: LRRK2
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Meloxicam

Meloxicam is a non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent, inhibits COX activity, with IC50s of 0.49 µM and 36.6 µM for COX-2 and COX-1, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 71125-38-7
  • MF: C14H13N3O4S2
  • MW: 351.401
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.6±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 581.3±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 255ºC
  • Flash Point: 305.4±32.9 °C

CYT387

Momelotinib (CYT387) is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of JAK1/JAK2 with IC50a of 11 nM and 18 nM,respectively. CYT387 shows much less activity against JAK3.

  • CAS Number: 1056634-68-4
  • MF: C23H22N6O2
  • MW: 414.460
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

PTC 209

PTC-209 is a specific BMI-1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.5 μM.

  • CAS Number: 315704-66-6
  • MF: C17H13Br2N5OS
  • MW: 495.191
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.9±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Isorhapotogenin

Isorhapontigenin, an orally bioavailable dietary polyphenol isolated from the Chinese herb Gnetum cleistostachyum, displays anti-inflammatory effects. Isorhapontigenin induces autophagy and inhibits invasive bladder cancer formation[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 32507-66-7
  • MF: C15H14O4
  • MW: 258.269
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 471.8±35.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 182 - 184ºC
  • Flash Point: 239.1±25.9 °C

Vemurafenib-d7

Vemurafenib-d7 is deuterium labeled Vemurafenib. Vemurafenib (PLX4032) is a first-in-class, selective, potent inhibitor of B-RAF kinase, with IC50s of 31 and 48 nM for RAFV600E and c-RAF-1, respectively[1][4]. Vemurafenib induces cell autophagy[5].

  • CAS Number: 1365986-73-7
  • MF: C23H11D7ClF2N3O3S
  • MW: 496.97
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

α-Thujone

α-Thujone is a monoterpene isolated from Thuja occidentalis essential oil with potent anti-tumor activities. α-Thujone is a reversible modulator of the GABA type A receptor and the IC50 for α-Thujone is 21 μM in suppressing the GABA-induced currents. α-Thujone induces ROS accumulation-dependent cytotoxicity, also induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. α-Thujone has antinociceptive, insecticidal, and anthelmintic activity, and easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 546-80-5
  • MF: C10H16O
  • MW: 152.23300
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 0.914 g/mL at 20ºC(lit.)
  • Boiling Point: 84-86ºC17 mm Hg(lit.)
  • Melting Point: 181ºC
  • Flash Point: 148 °F

Vandetanib(ZD6474)

Vandetanib is a potent inhibitor of VEGFR2 with an IC50 of 40 nM.

  • CAS Number: 443913-73-3
  • MF: C22H24BrFN4O2
  • MW: 475.354
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 538.2±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 240-243ºC
  • Flash Point: 279.3±30.1 °C

Sodium 2-methyl-3-[(5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl]-2H-1,2-b enzothiazin-4-olate 1,1-dioxide hydrate (1:1:1)

Meloxicam sodium is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, inhibits COX activity, with IC50s of 0.49 µM and 36.6 µM for COX-2 and COX-1, respectively[1].

  • CAS Number: 71125-39-8
  • MF: C14H14N3NaO5S2
  • MW: 391.39800
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Maprotiline

Maprotiline is a highly selective noradrenergic reuptake blocker, has strong antidepressant efficacy. Maprotiline induces cancer cells apoptosis by targeting ERK signaling pathway and CRABP1. Maprotiline restrains cell proliferation and metastasis, exhibits anticancer effect[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 10262-69-8
  • MF: C20H23N
  • MW: 277.40300
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.08 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 399.6ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 187.7ºC

PD0325901

PD0325901 is a selective and cell permeable MEK inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.33 nM.

  • CAS Number: 391210-10-9
  • MF: C16H14F3IN2O4
  • MW: 482.193
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.8±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 112-114ºC
  • Flash Point: N/A

sertaconazole

Sertaconazole (FI7056 free base) is a broad-spectrum topical antifungal agent, exhibits anti-inflammatory activity via activation of a p38-COX-2-PGE2 pathway. Sertaconazole is also a microtubule inhibitor, shows antiproliferative effect, induces apoptosis and autophagy, and can also inhibit the migration of cells[1][2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 99592-32-2
  • MF: C20H15Cl3N2OS
  • MW: 437.770
  • Catalog: Fungal
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 614.1±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 325.2±31.5 °C

Idelalisib (CAL-101)

Idelalisib (CAL-101) is a highly selective and potent p110δ inhibitor with an IC50 of 2.5 nM, showing 40- to 300-fold selectivity for p110δ over other PI3K class I enzymes.

  • CAS Number: 870281-82-6
  • MF: C22H18FN7O
  • MW: 415.423
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Gambogic Acid

Gambogic acid is derived from the gamboges resin of the tree Garcinia hanburyi. Gambogic acid inhibits Bcl-XL, Bcl-2, Bcl-W, Bcl-B, Bfl-1 and Mcl-1 with IC50s of 1.47 μM, 1.21 μM, 2.02 μM, 0.66 μM, 1.06 μM and 0.79 μM.

  • CAS Number: 2752-65-0
  • MF: C38H44O8
  • MW: 628.751
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 808.9±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 88.5°C
  • Flash Point: 251.4±27.8 °C

8-Chloroadenosine

8-Chloroadenosine (8-Cl-Ado), a unique ribonucleoside analog, depletes endogenous ATP that subsequently induces the phosphorylation and activation of AMPK. 8-Chloroadenosine induces autophagic cell death. 8-Chloroadenosine effectively inhibited in vivo tumor growth in mice[1].

  • CAS Number: 34408-14-5
  • MF: C10H12ClN5O4
  • MW: 301.69
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 2.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 707.4±70.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 381.6±35.7 °C

Pemetrexed

Pemetrexed disodium is a novel antifolate that inhibits the folatedependent enzymes thymidylate synthase, dihydrofolate reductase, and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase with Kis of 1.3, 7.2, and 65 nM, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 150399-23-8
  • MF: C20H19N5Na2O6
  • MW: 471.374
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 160°C 20mm
  • Melting Point: 36-38°C
  • Flash Point: 160°C/20mm

Salirasib

Salirasib is a Ras inhibitor that inhibits specifically both oncogenically activated Ras and growth factor receptor-mediated Ras activation, resulting in the inhibition of Ras-dependent tumor growth.

  • CAS Number: 162520-00-5
  • MF: C22H30O2S
  • MW: 358.537
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 486.0±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 64-66°C
  • Flash Point: 247.7±28.7 °C

Iohexol

Iohexol is a contrast agent.Target: OthersIohexol is a contrast agent. The osmolality of iohexol ranges from 322 mOsm/kg-approximately 1.1 times that of blood plasma-to 844 mOsm/kg, almost three times that of blood. Despite this difference, iohexol is still considered a low-osmolality contrast agent; the osmolality of older agents, such as diatrizoate, may be more than twice as high. From Wikipedia.

  • CAS Number: 66108-95-0
  • MF: C19H26I3N3O9
  • MW: 821.138
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 2.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 891.5±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 254-2560C
  • Flash Point: 493.0±34.3 °C

Indometacin farnesil

Indomethacin farnesil is an orally active prodrug of Indomethacin. Indomethacin (Indometacin) is a potent, blood-brain permeable and nonselective inhibitor of COX1 and COX2, with IC50s of 18 nM and 26 nM for human COX-1 and COX-2, respectively, in CHO cells. Indomethacin disrupts autophagic flux by disturbing the normal functioning of lysosomes[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 85801-02-1
  • MF: C34H40ClNO4
  • MW: 562.139
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 626.6±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 332.7±31.5 °C

Megestrol acetate

Megestrol Acetate is a synthetic progesteronal agent with an IC50 of 260 μM for the inhibition of HegG2.Target: Progesterone ReceptorMegestrol acetate, also known as 17α-acetoxy-6-dehydro-6-methylprogesterone, and sometimes abbreviated as MGA or MA, is a steroidal progestin and progesterone derivative (specifically, a 17-hydroxylated progesterone) with predominantly progestational and antigonadotropic effects. Megestrol acetate is a good candidate for muscle wasting treatment and future studies addressed at the interaction between the drug and protein turnover in human skeletal muscle should be performed.

  • CAS Number: 595-33-5
  • MF: C24H32O4
  • MW: 384.509
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 507.1±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 214°C
  • Flash Point: 218.5±30.2 °C

Adenosine-1′-13C

Adenosine-1′-13C is the 13C labeled Adenosine. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiolo

  • CAS Number: 201996-55-6
  • MF: C10H13N5O4
  • MW: 267.24132
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

LY2109761

LY2109761 is an orally active, selective TGF-β receptor type I/II inhibitor with Kis of 38 nM and 300 nM, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 700874-71-1
  • MF: C26H27N5O2
  • MW: 441.525
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 640.9±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 341.4±31.5 °C

Cabergoline-d6

Cabergoline-d6 is deuterium labeled Cabergoline. Cabergoline is an ergot derived-dopamine D2-like receptor agonist that has high affinity for D2, D3, and 5-HT2B receptors (Ki=0.7, 1.5, and 1.2, respectively).

  • CAS Number: 2738376-76-4
  • MF: C26H31D6N5O2
  • MW: 457.64
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Desethyl Amiodarone Hydrochloride

Desethylamiodarone hydrochloride (N-desethylamiodarone hydrochloride) is a major active metabolite of Amiodarone. Desethylamiodarone hydrochloride is formed by CYP3A isoenzymes. Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic agent for inhibition of ATP-sensitive potassium channel with an IC50 of 19.1 μM[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 96027-74-6
  • MF: C23H26ClI2NO3
  • MW: 653.719
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 630.3ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 176-178ºC
  • Flash Point: 335ºC

Panobinostat (LBH589)

Panobinostat is a non-selective histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor.

  • CAS Number: 404950-80-7
  • MF: C21H23N3O2
  • MW: 349.426
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 114-117?C
  • Flash Point: N/A

Adenosine-13C5

Adenosine-13C5 is the 13C labeled Adenosine[1]. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation[2][3].

  • CAS Number: 159496-13-6
  • MF: C10H13N5O4
  • MW: 272.20500
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A