Cell Cycle includes many processes necessary for successful self-replication, and consists of DNA synthesis (S) and mitosis (M) phases separated by gap phases in the order G1–S–G2–M. S phase and M phase are usually separated by gap phases called G1 and G2, when cell-cycle progression can be regulated by various intracellular and extracellular signals. In order to move from one phase of its life cycle to the next, a cell must pass through numerous checkpoints. At each checkpoint, specialized proteins determine whether the necessary conditions exist. Progression through G1 phase is controlled by pRB proteins, and phosphorylation of pRB proteins by CDKs releases E2F factors, promoting the transition to S phase. The G2/M transition that commits cells to division is a default consequence of initiating the cell cycle at the G1/S transition, many proteins, such Wee1, PLK1 and cdc25, is involved the regulation of this process. The best-understood checkpoints are those activated by DNA damage and problems with DNA replication.

DNA damage response (DDR) is a series of regulatory events including DNA damage, cell-cycle arrest, regulation of DNA replication, and repair or bypass of DNA damage to ensure the maintenance of genomic stability and cell viability. Genome instability arises if cells initiate mitosis when chromosomes are only partially replicated or are damaged by a double-strand DNA break (DSB). To prevent cells with damaged DNA from entering mitosis, ATR inhibits cyclin B/Cdk1 activation by stimulating the Cdk1 inhibitory kinase Wee1 and inhibiting Cdc25C via Chk1, besides, ATM and ATR also initiate DNA repair by phosphorylating several other substrates.

In cancer cells, the cell cycle regulators as well as other elements of the DDR pathway have been found to protect tumor cells from different stresses and to promote tumor progression. Thus, cell cycle proteins that directly regulate cell cycle progression (such as CDKs), as well as checkpoint kinases, Aurora kinases and PLKs, are promising targets in cancer therapy.

References:
[1] Rhind N, et al. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2012 Oct; 4(10): a005942.
[2] Duronio RJ, et al. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2013 Mar; 5(3): a008904.
[3] Liu W, et al. Mol Cancer. 2017 Mar 14;16(1):60.
[4] Ghelli Luserna di Rora' A, et al. J Hematol Oncol. 2017 Mar 29;10(1):77.


Anti-infection >
Arenavirus Bacterial CMV Enterovirus Filovirus Fungal HBV HCV HIV HSV Influenza Virus Parasite Reverse Transcriptase RSV SARS-CoV
Antibody-drug Conjugate >
ADC Cytotoxin ADC Linker Drug-Linker Conjugates for ADC PROTAC-linker Conjugate for PAC
Apoptosis >
Apoptosis Bcl-2 Family c-Myc Caspase DAPK Ferroptosis IAP MDM-2/p53 PKD RIP kinase Survivin Thymidylate Synthase TNF Receptor
Autophagy >
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Antifolate APC ATM/ATR Aurora Kinase Casein Kinase CDK Checkpoint Kinase (Chk) CRISPR/Cas9 Deubiquitinase DNA Alkylator/Crosslinker DNA-PK DNA/RNA Synthesis Eukaryotic Initiation Factor (eIF) G-quadruplex Haspin Kinase HDAC HSP IRE1 Kinesin LIM Kinase (LIMK) Microtubule/Tubulin Mps1 Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog p97 PAK PARP PERK Polo-like Kinase (PLK) PPAR RAD51 ROCK Sirtuin SRPK Telomerase TOPK Topoisomerase Wee1
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Metabolic Enzyme/Protease >
15-PGDH 5 alpha Reductase 5-Lipoxygenase Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Acyltransferase Adenosine Deaminase Adenosine Kinase Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Aldose Reductase Aminopeptidase Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) ATGL ATP Citrate Lyase Carbonic Anhydrase Carboxypeptidase Cathepsin CETP COMT Cytochrome P450 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Dopamine β-hydroxylase E1/E2/E3 Enzyme Elastase Enolase FAAH FABP Factor Xa Farnesyl Transferase Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) FXR Glucokinase GSNOR Gutathione S-transferase HCV Protease Hexokinase HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase HIV Integrase HIV Protease HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) HSP Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Lactate Dehydrogenase LXR MAGL Mineralocorticoid Receptor Mitochondrial Metabolism MMP Nampt NEDD8-activating Enzyme Neprilysin PAI-1 PDHK PGC-1α Phosphatase Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Phospholipase Procollagen C Proteinase Proteasome Pyruvate Kinase RAR/RXR Renin ROR Ser/Thr Protease SGK Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Thrombin Tryptophan Hydroxylase Tyrosinase Xanthine Oxidase
Neuronal Signaling >
5-HT Receptor AChE Adenosine Kinase Amyloid-β Beta-secretase CaMK CGRP Receptor COMT Dopamine Receptor Dopamine Transporter FAAH GABA Receptor GlyT iGluR Imidazoline Receptor mAChR Melatonin Receptor Monoamine Oxidase nAChR Neurokinin Receptor Opioid Receptor Serotonin Transporter γ-secretase
NF-κB >
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CDK2-IN-11

CDK2-IN-11 (compound 9d) is a potent CDK2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 6.4 μM, and KI values of 23.4 nM, 56.3 nM and 44.3 nM for hCA II, hCA IX and hCA XII, respectively. CDK2-IN-11 can be used for researching anticancer[1].

  • CAS Number: 2410402-82-1
  • MF: C18H14ClN7O2S
  • MW: 427.87
  • Catalog: CDK
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Didesmethylrocaglamide

Didesmethylrocaglamide, a derivative of Rocaglamide, is a potent eukaryotic initiation factor 4A (eIF4A) inhibitor. Didesmethylrocaglamide has potent growth-inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 5 nM. Didesmethylrocaglamide suppresses multiple growth-promoting signaling pathways and induces apoptosis in tumor cells. Antitumor activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 177262-30-5
  • MF: C27H27NO7
  • MW: 477.51
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

2',3'-Dideoxyuridine

2',3'-Dideoxyuridine is a purine nucleoside analog. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 5983-09-5
  • MF: C9H12N2O4
  • MW: 212.20
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 127-129 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: N/A

Verosudil(AR-12286)

Verosudil (AR-12286) is a potent, selective Rho-kinase (ROCK) inhibitor with Kis of 2 and 2 nM for ROCK1 and ROCK2, respectively. AR-12286 lowers intraocular pressure (IOP) primarily by increasing aqueous humour outflow through the trabecular meshwork[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1414854-42-4
  • MF: C17H17N3O2S
  • MW: 327.401
  • Catalog: ROCK
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 625.5±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 332.1±31.5 °C

Phomopsin A

Phomopsin A is a cyclic hexapeptide mycotoxin isolated from the fungus Phomopsis leptostomiformis. Phomopsin A is a noncompetitive inhibitor of the binding of radiolabeled vincristine to tubulin[1].

  • CAS Number: 64925-80-0
  • MF: C36H45ClN6O12
  • MW: 789.22800
  • Catalog: Microtubule/Tubulin
  • Density: 1.48g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 1188.2ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 672.4ºC

(2R)-L-gamma-Glutamyl-3-((2-((bis(bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)phosphinyl)oxy) ethyl)sulfonyl)- L-alanyl-2-phenylglycine

Canfosfamide (TLK-286, TER286) is a glutathione analogue prodrug that is activated by glutathione S-transferase P1-1 and induces apoptosis. Canfosfamide also inhibits the catalytic kinase activity of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK). Canfosfamide produces an anticancer alkylating agent and a glutathione derivative after activation. Canfosfamide can be used to research malignancies[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 158382-37-7
  • MF: C26H40Cl4N5O10PS
  • MW: 787.47400
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.484g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 939.8ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 522.2ºC

n-2,10-dion(1:1)

Erythromycin lactobionate is a macrolide antibiotic produced by actinomycete Streptomyces erythreus with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Erythromycin lactobionate binds to bacterial 50S ribosomal subunits and inhibits RNA-dependent protein synthesis by blockage of transpeptidation and/or translocation reactions, without affecting synthesis of nucleic acid[1][2]. Erythromycin lactobionate also exhibits antitumor and neuroprotective effect in different fields of research[3][4].

  • CAS Number: 3847-29-8
  • MF: C49H89NO25
  • MW: 1092.223
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: 0.9083 (rough estimate)
  • Boiling Point: 818.4ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: 145-150°
  • Flash Point: 448.8ºC

BDBM32804

Antipain dihydrochloride is a protease inhibitor isolated from Actinomycetes. Antipain dihydrochloride inhibits N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced transformation and increases chromosomal aberrations. Antipain dihydrochloride restricts uterine DNA synthesis and function in mice[1][2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 37682-72-7
  • MF: C27H46Cl2N10O6
  • MW: 677.623
  • Catalog: DNA/RNA Synthesis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Tubastatin A

Tubastatin A (TSA) TFA is a potent and selective?HDAC6?inhibitor with?IC50?of 15 nM in a cell-free assay, and is selective (1000-fold more) against all other isozymes except HDAC8 (57-fold more). Tubastatin A TFA also inhibits HDAC10 and metallo-β-lactamase domain-containing protein?2 (MBLAC2).

  • CAS Number: 1239262-52-2
  • MF: C22H22F3N3O4
  • MW: 449.42
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

1-(2-C-β-Methyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-5-nitropyridine-2(1H)-one

1-(2-C-β-Methyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-5-nitropyridine-2(1H)-one is a nitropyridine nucleoside analogue.

  • CAS Number: 2072145-17-4
  • MF:
  • MW:
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Harmine

Harmine is a natural dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase ((DYRK)) inhibitor with anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities.

  • CAS Number: 442-51-3
  • MF: C13H12N2O
  • MW: 212.247
  • Catalog: RAD51
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 421.4±40.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 262-264 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 139.8±17.0 °C

Haspin-IN-3

Haspin-IN-3 (compound 8l) is a potent haspin inhibitor with IC50 of 14 nM. Haspin-IN-3 has anticancer effects[1].

  • CAS Number: 2416569-95-2
  • MF: C16H10N2O3
  • MW: 278.26
  • Catalog: Haspin Kinase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

2’,3’,5’-Tri-O-acetyl-5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine

2’,3’,5’-Tri-O-acetyl-5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine is a purine nucleoside analog. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 1613530-52-1
  • MF: C18H22N2O10S
  • MW: 458.44
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

N4-Acetyl-2'-deoxycytidine

N-Acetyl-2′-deoxycytidine is a purine nucleoside analog. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 32909-05-0
  • MF: C11H15N3O5
  • MW: 269.25
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: 1.6±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 154-161°C
  • Flash Point: N/A

LY2880070

LY2880070 is an orally active CHK1 inhibitor. LY2880070 can be used as an anticancer agent for combination with DNA damaging agents[1].

  • CAS Number: 1375637-35-6
  • MF: C19H23N7O2
  • MW: 381.43
  • Catalog: Checkpoint Kinase (Chk)
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ifosfamide

Ifosfamide is an alkylating chemotherapeutic agent with activity against a wide range of tumors.

  • CAS Number: 3778-73-2
  • MF: C7H15Cl2N2O2P
  • MW: 261.086
  • Catalog: DNA Alkylator/Crosslinker
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 336.1±52.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 48ºC
  • Flash Point: 157.1±30.7 °C

5-Formylindole-CE phosphoramidite

5-Formylindole-CE phosphoramidite is a phosphorite monomer that can be used in the synthesis of oligonucleotides.

  • CAS Number: 460355-05-9
  • MF: C44H50N3O7P
  • MW: 763.86
  • Catalog: DNA/RNA Synthesis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

7-Deazaadenosine(Tubercidin)

Tubercidin (7-Deazaadenosine) is an adenosine analog, is an antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces tubercidicus.Target: AntibacterialTubercidin inhibits the growth of Streptococcus faecalis by 50 % at a concentration of 20 nM. Tubercidin is not subject to cleavage by adenosine phosphorylase or to deamination by adenosine deaminase. The antibiotic served as a substrate for numerous enzymes involved in the anabolism of adenosine, as demonstrated by its incorporation into RNA and DNA, and by the formation of nicotinamide-deaza-adenine dinucleotide. Tubercidin proves to be a weak inhibitor of adenosine phosphorylase, and interfered with the phosphorylation of adenosine and AMP. The inhibition of the growth of S. faecalis by Tubercidin is prevented by purine and pyrimidine nucleosides, ribose 5-phosphate, pyruvate, and certain amino acids. In the presence of Tubercidin, growing cultures of the test organism used pyruvate instead of glucose, whereas in the absence of the antibiotic glucose served as the main source of energy. It is suggested, therefore, that the impairment of growth is due primarily to the interference of Tubercidin with the utilization of glucose.

  • CAS Number: 69-33-0
  • MF: C11H14N4O4
  • MW: 266.253
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: 1.9±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 648.8±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 247-248 °C (decomp)
  • Flash Point: 346.2±31.5 °C

MC-DOXHZN hydrochloride

MC-DOXHZN hydrochloride is an albumin-binding prodrug of Doxorubicin, with acid-sensitive properties[1].

  • CAS Number: 480998-12-7
  • MF: C37H43ClN4O13
  • MW: 787.21
  • Catalog: ADC Cytotoxin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

5-Propargylamino-ddUTP

5-Propargylamino-ddUTP, a nucleoside molecule that can be used to synthesis of cyanine dye-nucleotide conjugate which is used in nucleic acid labeling or sequence analysis[1].

  • CAS Number: 114748-59-3
  • MF: C12H18N3O13P3
  • MW: 505.20500
  • Catalog: DNA/RNA Synthesis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

2’-O-Acetyl-3’,5’-bis-O-benzoyl-6-aza-xylo uridine

2’-O-Acetyl-3’,5’-bis-O-benzoyl-6-aza-xylo uridine is a purine nucleoside analog. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 161615-21-0
  • MF: C24H21N3O9
  • MW: 495.44
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

G244-LM

G244-LM is a potent and specific inhibitor of tankyrase 1/2 that inhibits Wnt signaling[1].

  • CAS Number: 1563007-08-8
  • MF: C18H22N4O3S2
  • MW: 406.522
  • Catalog: PARP
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Pemetrexed disodium

Pemetrexed is a novel antifolate, the Ki values of the pentaglutamate of LY231514 are 1.3, 7.2, and 65 nM for inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT), respectively.

  • CAS Number: 137281-23-3
  • MF: C20H21N5O6
  • MW: 427.411
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.6±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Tubulin inhibitor 20

Tubulin inhibitor 20 (compound 1) is a potent inhibitor of tubulin. Tubulin inhibitor 20 has the potential for the research of cancer diseases[1].

  • CAS Number: 860356-56-5
  • MF: C19H18O4
  • MW: 310.34
  • Catalog: Microtubule/Tubulin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

YKL-1-116

YKL-1-116 is a potent, selective and covalent inhibitor of CDK7 that does not inhibit other CDKs; synergizes with 5-FU or nutlin-3 to kill HCT116 cells, produces dose-dependent increases in PARP cleavage; is more potent than THZ1 towards both Cdk7WT and Cdk7as (analog-sensitive mutant).

  • CAS Number: 1957202-71-9
  • MF: C34H38N8O3
  • MW: 606.731
  • Catalog: CDK
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CDK5-IN-1

CDK5-IN-1, a potent CDK5 inhibitor, is against CDK5 activity less than 10 nM. CDK5-IN-1 is used for kidney diseases research[1].

  • CAS Number: 2639540-19-3
  • MF: C24H25FN6O3S
  • MW: 496.56
  • Catalog: CDK
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Bleomycin hydrochloride

Bleomycin hydrochloride is a DNA synthesis inhibitor. Bleomycin hydrochloride is a DNA damaging agent. Bleomycin hydrochloride is an antitumor antibiotic[1].

  • CAS Number: 67763-87-5
  • MF: C55H84ClN17O21S3
  • MW: 1451.005
  • Catalog: DNA/RNA Synthesis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

3’-beta-C-Methyluridine

3’-beta-C-Methyluridine is a uridine analogue. Uridine has potential antiepileptic effects, and its analogs can be used to study anticonvulsant and anxiolytic activities, as well as to develop new antihypertensive agents[1].

  • CAS Number: 80541-15-7
  • MF:
  • MW:
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Methotrexate-d3

Methotrexate-d3 (Amethopterin-d3) is the deuterium labeled Methotrexate. Methotrexate (Amethopterin), an antimetabolite and antifolate agent, inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, thereby preventing the conversion of folic acid into tetrahydrofolate, and inhibiting DNA synthesis. Methotrexate, also an immunosuppressant and antineoplastic agent, is used for the research of rheumatoid arthritis and a number of different cancers (such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia)[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 432545-63-6
  • MF: C20H19D3N8O5
  • MW: 457.45800
  • Catalog: ADC Cytotoxin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 210°C dec.
  • Flash Point: 9℃

LDN 209929 2HCl

LDN-209929 dihydrochloride is a potent and selective haspin kinase inhibitor (IC50=55 nM) with180-fold selectivity verses DYRK2 (IC50=9.9 μM). LDN-209929 is a optimized analogue of LDN-192960 (HY-13455)[2].

  • CAS Number: 1784281-97-5
  • MF: C17H19Cl3N2OS
  • MW: 405.77
  • Catalog: Haspin Kinase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A