Cell Cycle includes many processes necessary for successful self-replication, and consists of DNA synthesis (S) and mitosis (M) phases separated by gap phases in the order G1–S–G2–M. S phase and M phase are usually separated by gap phases called G1 and G2, when cell-cycle progression can be regulated by various intracellular and extracellular signals. In order to move from one phase of its life cycle to the next, a cell must pass through numerous checkpoints. At each checkpoint, specialized proteins determine whether the necessary conditions exist. Progression through G1 phase is controlled by pRB proteins, and phosphorylation of pRB proteins by CDKs releases E2F factors, promoting the transition to S phase. The G2/M transition that commits cells to division is a default consequence of initiating the cell cycle at the G1/S transition, many proteins, such Wee1, PLK1 and cdc25, is involved the regulation of this process. The best-understood checkpoints are those activated by DNA damage and problems with DNA replication.

DNA damage response (DDR) is a series of regulatory events including DNA damage, cell-cycle arrest, regulation of DNA replication, and repair or bypass of DNA damage to ensure the maintenance of genomic stability and cell viability. Genome instability arises if cells initiate mitosis when chromosomes are only partially replicated or are damaged by a double-strand DNA break (DSB). To prevent cells with damaged DNA from entering mitosis, ATR inhibits cyclin B/Cdk1 activation by stimulating the Cdk1 inhibitory kinase Wee1 and inhibiting Cdc25C via Chk1, besides, ATM and ATR also initiate DNA repair by phosphorylating several other substrates.

In cancer cells, the cell cycle regulators as well as other elements of the DDR pathway have been found to protect tumor cells from different stresses and to promote tumor progression. Thus, cell cycle proteins that directly regulate cell cycle progression (such as CDKs), as well as checkpoint kinases, Aurora kinases and PLKs, are promising targets in cancer therapy.

References:
[1] Rhind N, et al. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2012 Oct; 4(10): a005942.
[2] Duronio RJ, et al. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2013 Mar; 5(3): a008904.
[3] Liu W, et al. Mol Cancer. 2017 Mar 14;16(1):60.
[4] Ghelli Luserna di Rora' A, et al. J Hematol Oncol. 2017 Mar 29;10(1):77.


Anti-infection >
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15-PGDH 5 alpha Reductase 5-Lipoxygenase Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Acyltransferase Adenosine Deaminase Adenosine Kinase Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Aldose Reductase Aminopeptidase Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) ATGL ATP Citrate Lyase Carbonic Anhydrase Carboxypeptidase Cathepsin CETP COMT Cytochrome P450 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Dopamine β-hydroxylase E1/E2/E3 Enzyme Elastase Enolase FAAH FABP Factor Xa Farnesyl Transferase Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) FXR Glucokinase GSNOR Gutathione S-transferase HCV Protease Hexokinase HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase HIV Integrase HIV Protease HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) HSP Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Lactate Dehydrogenase LXR MAGL Mineralocorticoid Receptor Mitochondrial Metabolism MMP Nampt NEDD8-activating Enzyme Neprilysin PAI-1 PDHK PGC-1α Phosphatase Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Phospholipase Procollagen C Proteinase Proteasome Pyruvate Kinase RAR/RXR Renin ROR Ser/Thr Protease SGK Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Thrombin Tryptophan Hydroxylase Tyrosinase Xanthine Oxidase
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CDK1-IN-2

CDK1-IN-2 is a CDK1 inhibitor (IC50: 5.8 μM)[1].

  • CAS Number: 220749-41-7
  • MF: C17H11ClN2O
  • MW: 294.735
  • Catalog: CDK
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 585.1±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 307.7±30.1 °C

3'-(O-METHYL)CYTIDINE

3′-O-Methylcytidine is a cytidine analog. Cytidine analogs have a mechanism of inhibiting DNA methyltransferases (such as Zebularine, HY-13420), and have potential anti-metabolic and anti-tumor activities[1].

  • CAS Number: 20594-00-7
  • MF: C10H15N3O5
  • MW: 257.24
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

3’-Deoxy-5’-O-(4,4’-dimethoxytrityl)-3’-fluorouridine

3’-Deoxy-5’-O-(4,4’-dimethoxytrityl)-3’-fluorouridine is a purine nucleoside analog. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 129015-60-7
  • MF: C30H29FN2O7
  • MW: 548.56
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

2-Deoxyuridine

2-Deoxyuridine is a purine nucleoside analog. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 21052-20-0
  • MF: C9H12N2O5
  • MW: 228.20
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

3'-O-Ac-dT

3'-O-Acetylthymidine is a purine nucleoside analog. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 21090-30-2
  • MF: C12H16N2O6
  • MW: 284.27
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: 1.42g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CYC-065

CYC065 is a second-generation, orally available ATP-competitive inhibitor of CDK2/CDK 9 kinases.

  • CAS Number: 1070790-89-4
  • MF: C21H31N7O
  • MW: 397.527
  • Catalog: CDK
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

G3335

H-​Trp-​Glu-​OH is a selective, reversible and cell-permeable PPARγ with a Kd of ~8 µM. H-​Trp-​Glu-​OH might be developed as a possible lead compound in diabetes research[1].

  • CAS Number: 36099-95-3
  • MF: C16H19N3O5
  • MW: 333.33900
  • Catalog: PPAR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

VU 0424465

VU0424465 is a potent and partial PAM (positive allosteric modulator)-agonist for mGlu5 mediated iCa2+ mobilization. VU0424465 exhibits high affinity at MPEP allosteric binding site, with a Ki value of 11.8 nM. VU0424465 is also a agonist for pERK1/2 in cortical neurons[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1428630-85-6
  • MF: C19H19FN2O2
  • MW: 326.36
  • Catalog: PERK
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 533.8±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 276.7±30.1 °C

ADENYLYLMETHYLENEDIPHOSPHONATE SODIUM SALT

AMP-PCP disodium is an ATP analogue and can bind to Hsp90 N-terminal domain with a Kd value of 3.8 μM. AMP-PCP disodium binding favors the formation of the active homodimer of Hsp90[1].

  • CAS Number: 7414-56-4
  • MF: C11H16N5Na2O12P3
  • MW: 549.17
  • Catalog: HSP
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Thymidine-5'-triphosphate trisodium salt

Deoxythymidine-5'-triphosphate (dTTP) trisodium salt is one of the four natural deoxynucleotides. Deoxythymidine-5'-triphosphate trisodium salt is used for the biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid by DNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase[1].

  • CAS Number: 27821-54-1
  • MF: C10H14N2Na3O14P3
  • MW: 548.114
  • Catalog: DNA/RNA Synthesis
  • Density: 1.922g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

6-Mercaptopurine

6-Mercaptopurine is a purine analogue which acts as an antagonist of the endogenous purines and has been widely used as antileukemic agent and immunosuppressive drug.

  • CAS Number: 50-44-2
  • MF: C5H4N4S
  • MW: 152.177
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: 1.6±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 490.6±25.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 241-244°C
  • Flash Point: 250.5±23.2 °C

Aditoprime

Aditoprime (Aditoprim), a selective bacterial dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitor, inhibits the transformation of dihydrofolic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid. Aditoprime inhibits E.coli and L.casei DHFR with IC50 of 47 and 520 nM, respectively. Aditoprime has a broad antimicrobial spectrum, good antibacterial activity and excellent pharmacokinetics[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 56066-63-8
  • MF: C15H21N5O2
  • MW: 303.36000
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: 1.233g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 503.9ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 258.5ºC

P34cdc2 Kinase Fragment

P34cdc2 Kinase Fragment is associated with the completion of DNA replication in yeast mitosis. P34cdc2 Kinase can phosphorylate mitogen-activated protein 2 (MAP2) to regulate microtubules polymerization in Xenopus oocytes meiosis[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 309247-52-7
  • MF: C39H70N12O13S2
  • MW: 979.18
  • Catalog: Microtubule/Tubulin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

BAL-27862

Avanbulin (BAL27862) is a potent, Colchicine site-binding, tubulin assembly inhibitor. Avanbulin inhibits tubulin assembly at 37 °C with an IC50 of 1.4 μM. Avanbulin binds to tubulin with an apparent Kd value of 244 nM. Avanbulin can be used for the research of cancer and cell division[1][2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 798577-91-0
  • MF: C20H17N7O2
  • MW: 387.395
  • Catalog: Microtubule/Tubulin
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 771.5±70.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 420.4±35.7 °C

HDAC-IN-57

HDAC-IN-57 is an orally active inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDAC), with IC50s of 2.07 nM, 4.71 nM, 2.4 nM and 107 nM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC6, HDAC8, respectively. HDAC-IN-57 can inhibits LSD1, with IC50 of 1.34 μΜ. HDAC-IN-57 induces apoptosis, and has anti-tumor activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 2716217-79-5
  • MF: C21H19N3O4
  • MW: 377.39
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Aurora kinase inhibitor-11

Aurora kinase inhibitor-11 (compound 25) is an inhibitor of Aurora Kinase with an IC50 of 0.14 μM. Aurora kinase inhibitor-11 has anticancer activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 923946-98-9
  • MF: C11H10BrN3OS
  • MW: 312.19
  • Catalog: Aurora Kinase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

DUBs-IN-3

DUBs-IN-3 is a potent deubiquitinase (USP) enzyme inhibitor extracted from reference compound 22c with an IC50 of 0.56 μM for USP8.

  • CAS Number: 924296-17-3
  • MF: C16H9N5O
  • MW: 287.27600
  • Catalog: Deubiquitinase
  • Density: 1.31g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 560.4ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 292.7ºC

Reversine

Reversine is a novel class of ATP-competitive Aurora kinase inhibitor with IC50s of 400, 500 and 400 nM for Aurora A, Aurora B and Aurora C, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 656820-32-5
  • MF: C21H27N7O
  • MW: 393.485
  • Catalog: Aurora Kinase
  • Density: 1.343±0.06 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 736.4±70.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 305 ºC (decomp)
  • Flash Point: 399.2±35.7 °C

8-Bromo-3’-deoxyguanosine

8-Bromo-3’-deoxyguanosine is a purine nucleoside analog. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 847649-68-7
  • MF: C10H12BrN5O4
  • MW: 346.14
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Cimpuciclib tosylate

Cimpuciclib tosylate is a selective CDK4 inhibitor (IC50: 0.49 nM) that has anti-tumor activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 2408872-84-2
  • MF: C37H43FN8O4S
  • MW: 714.85
  • Catalog: CDK
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

N6,N6-dimethyladenine

6-(Dimethylamino)purine is a dual inhibitor of protein kinase and CDK[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 938-55-6
  • MF: C7H9N5
  • MW: 163.180
  • Catalog: CDK
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 427.4±25.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 259-262 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 212.3±23.2 °C

1-Methylinosine

1-Methylinosine is a modified nucleotide found at position 37 in tRNA 3' to the anticodon of eukaryotic tRNA[1].

  • CAS Number: 2140-73-0
  • MF: C11H14N4O5
  • MW: 282.25300
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Vinflunine Tartrate

Vinflunine Tartrat is a new vinca alkaloid uniquely fluorinated with the properties of mitotic-arresting and tubulin-interacting activity.Target: Microtubule/TubulinThe major effects of Vinflunine on dynamic instability are a slowing of the microtubule growth rate, an increase in growth duration, and a reduction in shortening duration. The effects of Vinflunine on the readmilling rate is examined by following [3H]GTP incorporation into MAP-rich microtubules, and the IC50 is 0.42 μM [1]. Vinflunine induced mitotic accumulation with IC50 with 18.8 nM, which decreases the centromere dynamicity by 44% and increases the time centromeres spent ina paused state by 63% [2]. Treatment of Vinflunine induces a rapid change in endothelial cell shape: cells retracts and assumes a rounded morphology. Mean IC50 values are 9.9 × 10-5 M × 10-5 M for fibronectin and 5.0× 10-5 M × 10-5 M for type IV collagen. A short 4 hours exposure of endothelial cells to Vinflunine at 10-8 0.05). An ID50 value (dose which inhibits 50% of bFGF-induced neovascularisation) is calculated as 1 mg/kg. Low doses of Vinflunine reduce the number of experimental liver metastases by human LS174T colon cancer cell. A slight overall decrease in liver metastatic foci is already observed at the very low dose of 0.16 mg/kg Vinflunine, although maximal overall inhibition is reached at the maximal tolerated dose (MTD) of 20 mg/kg [3].

  • CAS Number: 1201898-17-0
  • MF: C49H60F2N4O14
  • MW: 967.01600
  • Catalog: Microtubule/Tubulin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Methyl 6-amino-9-β-D-ribofuranosyl-9H-purine-2-carboxylate

Methyl 6-amino-9-β-D-ribofuranosyl-9H-purine-2-carboxylate is a purine nucleoside analogue. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 70255-70-8
  • MF: C12H15N5O6
  • MW: 325.28
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

TH470

TH470 is a highly selective LIMK1/2 (LIM kinase1/2) inhibitor (LIMK1 IC50=9.8 nM; LIMK2 IC50=13 nM), and can be used in orphan disease research[1].

  • CAS Number: 2834739-51-2
  • MF: C30H31N5O5S2
  • MW: 605.73
  • Catalog: LIM Kinase (LIMK)
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

MEK/PI3K-IN-2

MEK/PI3K-IN-2 (compound 6s) is a potent MEK/PI3K inhibitor, with IC50 values of 352 nM (MEK1), 107 nM (PI3Kα), and 137 nM (PI3Kδ), respectively. MEK/PI3K-IN-2 suppresses pAKT and pERK1/2 levels. MEK/PI3K-IN-2 shows anti-proliferative activity against tumor cell lines[1].

  • CAS Number: 2281803-33-4
  • MF: C38H41F5IN9O7
  • MW: 957.68
  • Catalog: PERK
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

DRF-1042

DRF-1042 is an orally active camptothecin analog, which acts to inhibit DNA topoisomerase I. DRF-1042 shows good anticancer activity against a panel of human cancer cell lines[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 200619-13-2
  • MF: C22H20N2O6
  • MW: 408.404
  • Catalog: Topoisomerase
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 844.6±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 464.6±34.3 °C

2’,3’,5’-Tri-O-benzoyl-5-hydroxymethyl-2’-β-C-methyluridine

2’,3’,5’-Tri-O-benzoyl-5-hydroxymethyl-2’-β-C-methyluridine is a thymidine analog. Analogs of this series have insertional activity towards replicated DNA. They can be used to label cells and track DNA synthesis[1].

  • CAS Number: 2305416-16-2
  • MF: C32H28N2O10
  • MW: 600.57
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

2'-(o-methyl)-5-methylcytidine

5-Methyl-2′-O-methylcytidine is a purine nucleoside analogue. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 113886-70-7
  • MF: C11H17N3O5
  • MW: 271.27
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

4β-Hydroxywithanolide E

4β-Hydroxywithanolide E, isolated from Physalis peruviana L., inhibits adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells through modulation of mitotic clonal expansion. 4β-Hydroxywithanolide E is an adipogenesis inhibitor and inhibits PPARγ, C/EBPα, and the adipocyte-specific molecule aP2 mRNA expression[1].

  • CAS Number: 54334-04-2
  • MF: C28H38O8
  • MW: 502.59700
  • Catalog: PPAR
  • Density: 1.39g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 728.3ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 242.1ºC