Tamsulosin-d4 (hydrochloride) is deuterium labeled Tamsulosin (hydrochloride). Tamsulosin hydrochloride ((R)-(-)-YM12617) is an inhibitor of α1-adrenergic receptor. Tamsulosin hydrochloride is used for the research of prostatic hyperplasia. Tamsulosin hydrochloride attenuates abdominal aortic aneurysm growth in animal models[1].
Isoprenaline is a non-selective, orally active β-adrenergic receptor agonist. Isoprenaline has potent peripheral vasodilator, bronchodilator, and cardiac stimulating activities. Isoprenaline can be used for the research of bradycardia and bronchial asthma[1][2][3][4][5][6].
Atipamezole hydrochloride is a synthetic α2-adrenoceptor antagonist with a Ki of 1.6 nM.
Desipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant. Desipramine inhibits the norepinephrine reuptake receptor in the central nervous system and reduces the sleep-related loss of genioglossus activity and improves pharyngeal collapsibility[1][2].
Ecopipam (SCH 39166) is a potent, selective and orally active antagonist of dopamine D1/D5 receptor, with Kis of 1.2 nM and 2.0 nM, respectively. Ecopipam shows more than 40-flod selectivity over D2, D4, 5-HT, and α2a receptor (Ki=0.98, 5.52, 0.08, and 0.73 μM, respectively). Ecopipam can be used for the research of schizophrenia, cocaine addition, and obesity[1][3].
Tizanidine-d4 is the deuterium labeled Tizanidine. Tizanidine is an α2-adrenergic receptor agonist and inhibits neurotransmitter release from CNS noradrenergic neurons[1][2].
Terazosin dimer impurity dihydrochloride, a dimer of Terazosin, is an impurity of Terazosin. Terazosin is a quinazoline derivative and a competitive and orally active α1-adrenoceptor antagonist[1].
Tolazoline(NSC35110; Imidaline) is a non-selective competitive α-adrenergic receptor antagonist.IC50 value:Target: α-adrenoceptor antagonistTolazoline can be synthesized by the heterocyclation of the ethyl ester of iminophenzylacetic acid with ethylene diamine, which forms the desired product. The structure of tolazoline is strikingly similar to α-adrenergic agonists, which are antiedema sympathomimetics.
Arbutamine is a short-acting synthetic potent nonselective β-adrenoceptor agonist that increases heart rate, cardiac contractility, and systolic blood pressure[1]. Arbutamine is a catecholamine for a pharmacological cardiac stress agen[2].
Vanilpyruvic acid is a catecholamine metabolite and precursor to vanillactic acid.
Fenmetozole hydrochloride is an antagonist of ethanol, and also antagonizes α2-adrenergic receptor, which has antidepressant effect[1].
Penbutolol sulfate is able to bind to both beta-1 adrenergic receptors and beta-2 adrenergic receptors (the two subtypes), thus making it a non-selective β blocker. Penbutolol is a sympathomimetic drug，used in the treatment of high blood pressure.
Naphazoline (Naphthazoline) nitrate is an α-adrenergic receptor agonist. Naphazoline nitrate reduces vascular hyperpermeability and promotes vasoconstriction. Naphazoline nitrate reduces the levels of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6), cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-4), IgE, GMCSF, and NGF。Naphazoline nitrate can be used for non-bacterial conjunctivitis research[1][2].
DL-Norepinephrine-d3 (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled DL-Norepinephrine hydrochloride[1]. DL-Norepinephrine hydrochloride is a synthetic phenylethylamine that mimics the sympathomimetic actions of the endogenous norepinephrine．DL-Norepinephrine hydrochloride is a neurotransmitter targets α1 and β1 adrenoceptors, has an increasing effect on subendocardial oxygen tension[2].
Tizanidine is an α2-adrenergic receptor agonist and inhibits neurotransmitter release from CNS noradrenergic neurons.Target: α2-adrenergic receptorTizanidine is a drug that is used as a muscle relaxant. It is a centrally acting α2 adrenergic agonist. It is used to treat the spasms, cramping, and tightness of muscles caused by medical problems such as multiple sclerosis, ALS, spastic diplegia, back pain, or certain other injuries to the spine or central nervous system. It is also prescribed off-label for migraine headaches, as a sleep aid, and as an anticonvulsant. It is also prescribed for some symptoms of fibromyalgia.Tizanidine has been found to be as effective as other antispasmodic drugs and has superior tolerability to that of baclofen and diazepam. Tizanidine can be very strong even at the 2 mg dose and may cause hypotension, so caution is advised when it is used in patients who have a history of orthostatic hypotension, or when switching from gel cap to tablet form and vice versa. Tizanidine can occasionally cause liver damage, generally the hepatocellular type. Clinical trials show that up to 5% of patients treated with tizanidine had elevated liver function test values, though symptoms disappeared upon withdrawal of the drug. Care should be used when first beginning treatment with tizanidine with regular liver tests for the first 6 months of treatment.
Protokylol (Caytine; JB-251) is a beta-adrenergic receptor agonist and TRPV1 agonist. Protokylol is used as a bronchodilator[1].
Dronedarone D6 hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled Dronedarone. Dronedarone hydrochloride, a derivative of Amiodarone (HY-14187), is a class III antiarrhythmic agent for the study of atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter. Dronedarone hydrochloride is a potent blocker of multiple ion currents, including potassium current, sodium current, and L-type calcium current, and exhibits antiadrenergic effects by noncompetitive binding to β-adrenergic receptors. Dronedarone hydrochloride is a substrate for and a moderate inhibitor of CYP3A4[1][2][3][4].
Arbutamine hydrochloride is a short-acting, potent and nonselective β-adrenoceptor agonist. Arbutamine hydrochloride stimulates cardiac β1-, tracheal β2-, and adiopocyte β3- adrenergic receptors. Arbutamine hydrochloride provides cardiac stress increases heart rate, cardiac contractility, and systolic blood pressure. Arbutamine hydrochloride can be used for cardiac stress agent [1][2][3].
Indacaterol(Onbrez; Arcapta) is an ultra-long-acting β-adrenoceptor agonist.IC50 value: Target: β-adrenoceptorIndacaterol inhibits cAMP production in Chinese hamster ovary cells stably transfected with human β2 adrenoceptors with pEC50 of 8.06. Indacaterol inhibits electrically induced contraction on the electrically stimulated guinea pig trachea in a concentration-dependent manner with pEC50 of 8.23. Indacaterol induces a concentration-dependent inotropic effect with maximal efficacy of 75% in the isolated guinea pig left atrium [1]. Indacaterol reverses the carbachol-induced contraction in a concentration-dependent manner with IC50 of 37 nM in human small airways. Indacaterol concentration dependently reverses the serotonin-induced contraction with IC50 of 10.5 nM in rat small airways. Indacaterol has the highest intrinsic efficacy of 53% in rat small airways and 73% in human small airways [2]. Indacaterol (6.7 μg/kg) inhibits 5-HT-induced bronchoconstriction with a maximal effect of 85% in the conscious guinea pig. Indacaterol (12.5 μg/kg) dose-dependently inhibits methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction with a maximal effect of 85% in the anesthetized rhesus monkey [1].
Brexpiprazole-d8-1 is the deuterium labeled Brexpiprazole[1]. Brexpiprazole (OPC-34712), an atypical orally active antipsychotic drug, is a partial agonist of human 5-HT1A and dopamine D2L receptor with Kis of 0.12 nM and 0.3 nM, respectively. Brexpiprazole is also a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist with a Ki of 0.47 nM. Brexpiprazole also shows potent antagonist activity at human noradrenergic α1B (Ki=0.17 nM) and α2C receptors (Ki=0.59 nM)[2][3].
O-Desmethyl Mebeverine alcohol hydrochloride is a metabolite of Mebeverine, which is a potent α1 repector inhibitor, causing relaxation of the gastrointestinal tract.
Bambuterol is a long acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist (LABA) used in the treatment of asthma; it also is a prodrug of terbutaline.IC50 value:Target: beta-adrenoceptor agonistBambuterol is contraindicated in pregnancy and in people with seriously impaired liver function. It can be used by people with renal impairment, but dose adjustments are necessary. The adverse effect profile of bambuterol is similar to that of salbutamol, and may include fatigue, nausea, palpitations, headache, dizziness and tremor.
Guanabenz Acetate is an alpha-2 selective adrenergic agonist used as an antihypertensive agent.Target: alpha-2 Adrenergic ReceptorGuanabenz is an alpha agonist of the alpha-2 type that is used as an antihypertensive drug. It is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) [1, 2].
Labetalol hydrochloride is a mixed alpha/beta adrenergic antagonist that is used to treat high blood pressure.
L-796568 is a β(3)-adrenergic receptor agonist. L-796568 can be used for the research of obesity[1].
Urapidil is an α1 adrenoreceptor antagonist and a 5-HT1A receptor agonist.
ADRA1D receptor antagonist 1 (free base) (compound (R)-9s) is an orally active, potent and selective human α1D-adrenoceptor (α1D-AR) antagonist (Ki=1.6 nM). ADRA1D receptor antagonist 1 (free base) dose-dependently inhibits bladder contraction with an IC30 value of 15 nM. ADRA1D receptor antagonist 1 (free base) can be used in studies of overactive bladder disorders such as urinary urgency, frequency and incontinence.
Salmeterol-D3 is the deuterium labeled Salmeterol (HY-14302). Salmeterol is a long-acting beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist that is used for the study of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Pardoprunox hydrochloride is a novel partial dopamine D2 and D3 receptor agonist and serotonin 5-HT1A receptor agonist, D2 (pKi = 8.1) and D3 receptor (pKi = 8.6) partial agonist and 5-HT1A receptor (pKi = 8.5) full agonist.IC50 value: 8.1/8.6/8.5 (pKi, for D2/ D3/5-HT1A receptor)Target: dopamine D2 and D3 receptor, 5-HT1A receptorin vitro: Pardoprunox also binds to D4 (pKi = 7.8), α1-adrenergic (pKi = 7.8), α2-adrenergic (pKi = 7.4), and 5-HT7 receptors (pKi = 7.2) with lower affinity. Pardoprunox acts as a potent but partial D(2) receptor agonist (pEC50 = 8.0 and pA2 = 8.4) with an efficacy of 50% on forskolin stimulated cAMP accumulation. At human recombinant dopamine D3 receptors, Pardoprunox acts as a partial agonist in the induction of [35S]GTPgammaS binding (intrinsic activity of 67%; pEC(50) = 9.2) and antagonized the dopamine induction of [35S]GTPgammaS binding (pA2 = 9.0). Pardoprunox acts as a full 5-HT1A receptor agonist on forskolin induced cAMP accumulation at cloned human 5-HT1A receptors but with low potency (pEC50 = 6.3) [1].in vivo: Pardoprunox induces contralateral turning behaviour in rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesions of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) (MED=0.03mg/kg; po). In MPTP-treated common marmosets, Pardoprunox dose-dependently increases locomotor activity (MED=0.03mg/kg; po) and decreases motor disability (MED=0.03mg/kg; po). In contrast Pardoprunox attenuated novelty-induced locomotor activity (MED=0.01mg/kg; po), (+)-amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion (MED=0.3mg/kg; po) and apomorphine-induced climbing (MED=0.6mg/kg; po) in rodents. Pardoprunox also induces 5-HT1A receptor-mediated behaviours, including flat body posture and lower lip retraction (MED=0.3mg/kg; po). Collectively, these findings demonstrate that Pardoprunox possesses dopamine D2/3 partial agonist effects, 5-HT1A agonist effects and reduces parkinsonism in animal models. functional D2 receptor partial agonist activity and is effective in experimental models predictive of efficacy in PD.[2]
Bopindolol ((±)-Bopindolol) malonate is an orally active antagonist of β-adrenoceptors (ARs) with partial agonist activity. Bopindolol malonate is non-selective for β1- and β2-ARs and has low affinity for β3-AR subtype. Bopindolol malonate has intrinsic sympathomimetic as well as membrane stabilizing actions, inhibits renin secretion, and interacts with 5-HT receptors. Bopindolol malonate is a prodrug of Pindolol (HY-B0982). Bopindolol malonate can be used for essential and renovascular hypertension research[1][2][3][4].