Phe-Met-Arg-Phe, amide dose dependently (ED50=23 nM) activates a K+ current in the peptidergic caudodorsal neurons.
CFTR corrector 2 is a cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance corrector (CFTR), extracted from patent US20140274933[1].
(S)-AMPA (L-AMPA), an active S-enantiomer of AMPA, is a potent and selective AMPA receptor agonist[1][2].
Digoxin is a potent inhibitor of Na+/K+-ATPase, clinically used to treat arrhythmia and heart failure.
Flindokalner (BMS-204352) is a potassium channel modulator. Flindokalner is a positive modulator of all neuronal Kv7 channel subtypes expressed in HEK293 cells. Flindokalner is also a large conductance calcium-activated K channel (BKca) positive modulator. Flindokalner shows a negative modulatory activity at Kv7.1 channels (Ki=3.7 μM), and acts as a negative modulator of GABAA receptors. Flindokalner shows anxiolytic efficacy in vivo[1][2].
Globotriaosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb3) inhibits the growth of fibroblasts, as well as their differentiation into myofibroblasts, and collagen expression. Globotriaosylsphingosine can be used for Fabry disease research[1].
8α,9α-Epoxycoleon-U-quinone (compound 3) is a p-glycoprotein (P-gp) regulator that is selective for cancer cells (SI=2.0). 8α,9α-Epoxycoleon-U-quinone effectively inhibits P-gp activity in NCI-H460/R cells. 8α,9α-Epoxycoleon-U-quinone also reverses the resistance of cancer cells to Doxorubicin (DOX) (HY-15142A) and enhances the anticancer effect of DOX[1].
Lercanidipine-d3 hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled Lercanidipine. Lercanidipine is a lipophilic third-generation dihydropyridine-calcium channel blocker (DHP-CCB). Lercanidipine has long lasting antihypertensive action and reno-protective effect[1][2][3].
(±)-Vasicine is the racemate of Vasicine. Vasicine (Peganine), isolated from Peganum harmala seeds, significantly inhibits H+-K+-ATPase activity in vitro with an IC50 of 73.47 μg/mL. Anti-ulcer activity. Vasicine shows significant anti-secretory, antioxidant and cytoprotective effect[1].
JTS-653 is a highly potent and selective transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist in vitro and in vivo. JTS-653 attenuates chronic pain refractory to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents[1].
TRPC6-PAM-C20 is a selective TRPC6 positive allosteric modulator. TRPC6-PAM-C20 selectively activates TRPC6 over other TRP channels and also activates TRPA1. TRPC6-PAM-C20 induces transient increase in intracellular Ca2+ in HEK cells expressing TRPC6 (EC50=2.37 μM).
VQW-765 (AQW-051) is a selective and orally active alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) agonist with a pKD value of 7.56 to recombinantly expressed human α7-nAChR. VQW-765 shows anxiolytic-like effect in vivo. VQW-765 can be used for the research of anxiety disorder and acute performance anxiety[1].
SR 16584 is a selective antagonist of α3β4 nAChR with an IC50 of 10.2 μM[1].
Gabazine is a selective and competitive antagonist of GABAA receptor, with an IC50 of ~0.2 μM for GABA receptor.
AR-R17779 hydrochloride is a potent and selective full agonist of nAChR, with Kis of 92 and 16000 nM for α7 and α4β2 subtype, respectively. AR-R17779 hydrochloride can improve learning and memory in rats. AR-R17779 hydrochloride also has anxiolytic activity. AR-R17779 hydrochloride can reduce inflammation by activating antiinflammatory cholinergic (vagal) pathways[1][2][4].
Tocainide hydrochloride is a sodium channel blocker, it blocks the sodium channels in the pain-producing foci in the nerve membranes. Tocainide hydrochloride is a primary amine analog of lidocaine, can be used for the treatment of tinnitus[1][2].
GSK3395879 is a selective and orally bioavailable transient receptor potential vanilloid-4 (TRPV4) antagonist with an IC50 of 1 nM for hTRPV4[1].
Huwentoxin-IV is a potent and selective sodium channel blocker, inhibits neuronal Nav1.7, Nav1.2, Nav1.3 and Nav1.4 with IC50s of 26, 150, 338 and 400 nM, respectively. Huwentoxin-IV preferentially blocks peripheral nerve subtype Nav1.7 by binding neurotoxin receptor site 4. Huwentoxin-IV has analgesic effects on animal models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain[1][2].
ROMK-IN-32 is a potent, selective ROMK inhibitor with IC50 of 17 nM; shows an improved functional hERG/ROMK potency ratio (1176x) and preclinical PK profile; demonstrates blood pressure lowering effects in the spontaneously hypertensive rat model.
Sulfoxaflor is a sulfoximine insecticide and is an agonist of nAChR1 and nAChR2 subtypes. Sulfoxaflor is used for the control of sap-feeding insects such as Myzus persicae, Aphis gossypii, Bemissia tabaci and Nilaparvata lugens[1].
Aneratrigine is a sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha blocker. Aneratrigine can be used for neuropathic pain diseases research[1].
(1S,2S)-ML-SI3 is the trans-isomer of ML-SI3, a TRPML inhibitor. The (-)-isomer is a potent inhibitor of TRPML1 and TRPML2 (IC50=1.6 μM/2.3 μM) and a weak inhibitor of TRPML3 (IC50=12.5 μM), whereas the (+)-enantiomer is an inhibitor on TRPML1 (IC50=5.9 μM), but an activator on TRPML 2 and 3[1].
Sinapine hydroxide is an alkaloid isolated from seeds of the cruciferous species. Sinapine hydroxide exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-angiogenic and radio-protective effects. Sinapine hydroxide is also an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor and can be used for the research of Alzheimer’s disease, ataxia, myasthenia gravis, and Parkinson’s disease[1][2][3][4].
6-Hydroxykynurenic acid (6-HKA) is a derivative of kynurenic acid (KYNA) and can be isolated from Ginkgo leaves. 6-Hydroxykynurenic acid is a low-affinity NMDAR antagonist (IC50: 59 μM)[1].
Esomeprazole sodium is a proton pump inhibitor which reduces acid secretion through inhibition of the H+ / K+ ATPase in gastric parietal cells.IC50 value:Target: proton pumpEsomeprazole sodium (Nexium) is the S-isomer of omeprazole and acts as a proton pump inhibitor and gastric antisecretory agent indicated for the short-term treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease in patients with a history of erosive esophagitis. Esomeprazole 0.4 and 0.8 mg/mL as the sodium salt in the infusion solutions tested is chemically and physically stable for at least 2 days at room temperature and 5 days under refrigeration.
Basmisanil is a highly selective GABAAα5 negative allosteric modulator.
APS3 is a GABA and nACh receptors inhibitor, with a LC50 of 7.2423 μg/mL against Plutella xylostella[1].
COG 133 is a fragment of Apolipoprotein E (APOE) peptide. COG 133 competes with the ApoE holoprotein for binding the LDL receptor, with potent anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. COG 133 is also a nAChR antagonist with an IC50 of 445 nM[1][2].
L-Glutamic acid-d3 is the deuterium labeled L-Glutamic acid. L-Glutamic acid acts as an excitatory transmitter and an agonist at all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabotropic, kainate, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid shows a direct activating effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic terminals.
Velagliflozin proline is an oral sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor with antidiabetic activity. Velagliflozin proline reduces renal glucose reabsorption and stimulates glycosuria, which lowers blood sugar and insulin concentrations[1].