Radafaxine ((S,S)-Hydroxybupropion) is an antidepressant. Radafaxine blocks dopamine transporters (DAT). Radafaxine is an active metabolite of Bupropion[1][2].
Manzamine A hydrochloride, an orally active beta-carboline alkaloid, inhibits specifically GSK-3β and CDK-5 with IC50s of 10.2 and 1.5μM, respectively. Manzamine A hydrochloride targets vacuolar ATPases and inhibits autophagy in pancreatic cancer cells. Manzamine A hydrochloride has antimalarial and anticancer activities. Manzamine A hydrochloride also shows potent activity against HSV-1[1][2][3][4].
Azelnidipine(CS 905; Calblock) is a novel dihydropyridine derivative, a L-type calcium channel blocker, and an antihypertensive.IC50 value:Target: L-type calcium channelAcute administration of azelnidipine prevents a sudden drop of cardiac function after acute stress. Azelnidipine may have a protective role in inflammation associated with atherosclerosis.
SX-3228 is a selective benzodiazepine1 (BZ1) receptor agonist with an IC50 of 17 nM.
piCRAC-1 is a potent, photoinducible Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channel inhibitor. piCRAC-1 alleviates thrombocytopenia and hemorrhage[1].
PF-04885614 is a potent NaV1.8 inhibitor, extracted from patent US2018328915. PF-04885614 has potential for neurological and neurodevelopmental diseases treatment[1].
Indole-2-carboxylic acid-13C is the 13C-labeled Indole-2-carboxylic acid. Indole-2-carboxylic acid is a strong inhibitor of lipid peroxidation. Indole-2-carboxylic acid (I2CA) specifically and competitively inhibits the potentiation by glycine of NMDA-gated current[1][2].
Minoxidil(U 10858) is an antihypertensive vasodilator medication. Target: potassium channel Minoxidil, a potent antihypertensive agent, induces generalized hypertrichosis when administered systemically, or localized hair regrowth when applied topically to sites of severe alopecia areata. The pharmacologic mechanisms by which minoxidil stimulates hair growth are unknown. This study was designed to examine whether minoxidil has direct effects on neonatal murine epidermal cells in culture. In the presence of minoxidil, cultures showed a marked dose-dependent second peak of DNA synthesis 8-10 days after culture initiation. In addition, two morphologically distinct cell types appeared. Indirect immunofluorescence staining with keratin-specific antibody revealed cytoplasmic keratin fibers, suggesting the epidermal origin of these cells. Our experiments demonstrate that minoxidil can affect epidermal cells in culture by altering their growth pattern and phenotypic appearance [1] . Finite doses of minoxidil (2%, w/v) in formulations containing varying amounts of ethanol, propylene glycol (PG), and water (60:20:20, 80:20:0, and 0:80:20 by volume, respectively) were used. Minoxidil in SC (by tape stripping), appendages (by cyanoacrylate casting), and receptor fluid was determined by liquid scintillation counting. At early times (30 min, 2 h), ethanol-containing formulations (60:20:20 and 80:20:0) caused significantly greater minoxidil retention in SC and appendages, compared to the formulation lacking ethanol (0:80:20). A significant increase in minoxidil receptor penetration occurred with the PG-rich 0:80:20 formulation after 12 h [2].
5-Iodo-A-85380 dihydrochloride is a selective ligand of nAChR. 5-Iodo-A-85380 dihydrochloride binds to α4β2 nAChRs in rat and human brain with Kds of 12 and 14 pM,respectively[1].
Conantokin-T is a γ-carboxyglutamate-containing, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist peptidewith an IC50 value of 2 μM. Conantokin-T inhibits NMDA receptor-mediated calcium influx in central nervous system neurons. Conantokin-T can be purified from the venom of the fish-hunting cone snail, Conus tulipa[1].
Nexopamil racemate is the racemate of Nexopamil. Nexopamil is a combined Ca2+/5-HT2 antagonist on thrombus formation in vivo and on platelet aggregation in vitro.
NS1643 is a potent human ether-a-go-go related gene (hERG) KV11.1 channel activator (EC50 = 10.5 μM).IC50 value:Target: HERG activatorin vitro: NS1643 enhanced the magnitude of wild-type hERG current in a concentration- and voltage-dependent manner with an EC(50) of 10.4 microM at -10 mV. The fully activated current-voltage relationship revealed that the drug increased outward but not inward currents, consistent with altered inactivation gating. NS1643 shifted the voltage dependence of inactivation by +21 mV at 10 microM and +35 mV at 30 microM, but it did not alter the voltage dependence of activation of hERG channels [1]. In Xenopus laevis oocytes, NS1643 increased both steady-state and tail current at all voltages tested. The EC(50) value for HERG channel activation was 10.5 microM [2]. NS1643 also activates the ERG2 channel; however, the molecular mechanism of the activation differs between the ERG1 and ERG2 channels. For ERG2, NS1643 causes a left-ward shift of the activation curve, a faster time-constant of activation and a slower time-constant of inactivation as well as an increased relative importance for the fast component of deactivation to the total deactivation. In contrast, for ERG1, NS1643 causes a right-ward shift in the voltage-dependent release from inactivation but does not affect time-constants of deactivation [3].
GLPG-3221 is a potent, orally active corrector of CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator), with an EC50 of 105 nM. GLPG-3221 can be uesd for the treatment of cystic fibrosis[1].
Emamectin Benzoate (MK-244) works as a chloride channel activator by binding gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor and glutamate-gated chloride channels disrupting nerve signals within arthropods.
3,5-Dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid is a Naphthoic acid derivative. Naphthoic acid is a NMDA receptor allosteric modulator[1].
Lamotrigine-13C,d3 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled. Lamotrigine (BW430C) is a potent and orally active anticonvulsant or antiepileptic agent. Lamotrigine selectively blocks voltage-gated Na+ channels, stabilizing presynaptic neuronal membranes and inhibiting glutamate release. Lamotrigine can be used for the research of epilepsy, focal seizure, et al[1][2].
Y-27152, a prodrug of the KATP (Kir6) channel opener Y-26763, is a long-acting K+ channel opener with less tachycardia: antihypertensive effects in hypertensive rats and dogs in conscious state[1][2].
Dantrolene sodium is a inhibitor of calcium channel proteins, inhibiting the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasm. Dantrolene sodium is a skeletal muscle relaxant which acts by blocking muscle contraction beyond the neuromuscular junction.
Englerin A is a potent and selective activator of TRPC4 and TRPC5 channels, with EC50s of 11.2 and 7.6 nM, respectively. Englerin A can induce renal carcinoma cells death by elevated Ca2+ influx and Ca2+ cell overload[1][2][3].
Gomisin J is a small molecular weight lignan found in Schisandra chinensis and has been demonstrated to have vasodilatory activity[1]. Gomisin J suppresses lipid accumulation by regulating the expression of lipogenic and lipolytic enzymes and inflammatory molecules through activation of AMPK, LKB1 and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and inhibition of fetuin-A in HepG2 cells. gomisin J has potential benefits in treating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease[2].
Norfluoxetine hydrochloride is an active N-demethylated metabolite of Fluoxetine. Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitor that is metabolized to Norfluoxetine hydrochloride by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4. Norfluoxetine hydrochloride inhibits 5-HT uptake and inhibits CaV3.3 T current (IC50 = 5 μM). Norfluoxetine hydrochloride has anticonvulsant activity[1][2][3][4].
Phrixotoxin 2 is a highly selective KV4.2 and KV4.3-channels blocker[1].
Linopirdine (DUP-996) is a potent Kv7 (KCNQ) voltage-gated potassium channels blcoker; blocks KV7.1+7.3 (KCNQ2+3) / M-currents (IC50=4-7 uM) and KV7.1 (KCNQ1) homomeric channels (IC50=8.9 uM); inhibits M-type K+ current, increases acetylcholine release in rat hippocampal CA1 neurons; active in vivo. Alzheimer Disease Phase 1 Discontinued
L-Glutamic acid-13C5,d5,15N is the deuterium, 13C-, and 15-labeled L-Glutamic acid. L-Glutamic acid acts as an excitatory transmitter and an agonist at all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabotropic, kainate, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid shows a direct activating effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic terminals.
mGAT3/4-IN-2 (compound 27b) is a potent mGAT3/mGAT4 inhibitor, with pIC50 values of 5.44 and 5.25, respectively[1].
MONNA is a potent transmembrane protein 16A (TMEM16A,Anoctamin-1) blocker with IC50 of 80 nM. MONNA induces vasorelaxation of rodent resistance arteries in presence or absence of chloride ions[1].
S3969 is a potent and reversible activator of the human epithelial sodium channel (hENaC). The apparent EC50 for S3969 activation of hENaC is 1.2 μm[1].
Cannabidiorcol (CBDO, CBD-C1, O-1821) is related to cannabidiol, with the pentyl side chain shortened to a methyl group. Cannabidiorcol has low affinity for cannabinoid receptors (CBs) and is an agonist of the transient receptor potential channel (TRP channel), through which it produces antiinflammatory effects, but can also promote tumorigenesis at high concentrations[1][2].
S-Pantoprazole (sodium trihydrate) is related to Pantoprazole (HY-17507) that plays an important roles in gastric acid secretion disorder-related diseases, or as proton pump inhibitor[1].
TWIK-1/TREK-1-IN-3 (compound 2h) is an inhibitor of TWIK-related potassium channel (Potassium Channel) TREK-1. TREK-1 contains a two-pore domain potassium (K2p) channel that dimerizes into TREK-1 homodimer and TWIK-1/TREK-1 heterodimer, and is an important antidepressant target. TWIK-1/TREK-1-IN-3 targets TREK-1 homodimer and TWIK-1/TREK-1 heterodimer with IC50s of 9.74 μM and 16.5 μM, respectively, and has antidepressant-like effects[1].