Nemadipine-A is a specific inhibitor of the EGL-19 L-type Ca2+ channel[1]. Nemadipine-A, a cell-permeable L-type calcium channel inhibitor, sensitizes TRAIL-resistant cancer cells to this ligand[2].
Glycine-d3 is the deuterium labeled Glycine. Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and also acts as a co-agonist along with glutamate, facilitating an excitatory potential at the glutaminergic N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors.
Ginsenoside Ro exhibits a Ca2+-antagonistic antiplatelet effect with an IC50 of 155 μM. Ginsenoside Ro reduces the production of TXA2 more than it reduces the activities of COX-1 and TXAS.
TRPM8 Antagonist is a potent and selective TRPM8 antagonist, with an IC50 of 0.2 nM, used in the research of neuropathic pain syndromes.
UCL 1684 (dibromide) is a first nanomolar, non-peptidic small conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK) channel blocker. UCL 1684 (dibromide) is effective in preventing the development of atrial fibrillation due to potent atrial-selective inhibition of INa. UCL 1684 (dibromide) causes atrial-selective prolongation of ERP secondary to induction of postrepolarization refractoriness[1][2][3].
(R)-Dinotefuran ((R)-MTI-446), a neonicotinoid pesticide, exhibits comparative insecticidal activities (1.7-2.4 times) to typical sucking pests Aphis gossypii and Apolygus lucorum compared to racemic mixtures by inhibiting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. (R)-Dinotefuran has a good efficacy in controlling target pests while minimizing hazard to honeybees[1].
ONO-8590580 is a GABAA α5 negative allosteric modulator.
(Rac)-Monepantel-d5 is deuterium labeled Monepantel. Monepantel is organic anthelmintic, and acts as a positive allosteric modulator of a nematode-specific clade of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits.
Nefiracetam is a GABAergic, cholinergic, and monoaminergic neuronal systems enhancer for Ro 5-4864-induced convulsions.Target: GABA ReceptorNefiracetam induces a short-term depression of ACh-evoked currents at submicromolar concentrations (0.01-0.1 μM) and a long-term enhancement of the currents at micromolar concentrations (1-10 μM). Nefiracetam interacts with PKA and PKC pathways, which may explain a cellular mechanism for the action of cognition-enhancing agents. Lower (submicromolar) concentrations of the nootropic Nefiracetam reduces ACh-evoked currents to 30% (0.01 μM) and 38% (0.1 μM) of control after a 10-minute treatment [1].Nefiracetam administered orally inhibits Ro 5-4864-induced convulsions in EL mice. Nefiracetam also efficiently inhibits Ro 5-4864-induced convulsions in DDY mice at doses higher than 10 mg/kg [2]. Nefiracetam administered daily 1 hour before each training session facilitates the acquisition process of the avoidance response [3].
Nicardipine D3 hydrochloride (YC-93 D3) is the deuterium labeled Nicardipine hydrochloride. Nicardipine hydrochloride is a calcium channel blocker with an IC50 of 1 μM for blocking cardiac calcium channels. Nicardipine hydrochloride acts as an agent for chronic stable angina and for controlling blood pressure[1].
Glaucine (O,O-Dimethylisoboldine) is an alkaloid isolated from Glaucium flavum Crantz with antitussive, bronchodilation and anti-inflammatory properties. Glaucine is a selective and orally active phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor with Kis of 3.4 µM in human bronchus and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Glaucine is also a non-selective α-adrenoceptor antagonist, a Ca2+ entry blocker, and a weak dopamine D1 and D2 receptor antagonist. Glaucine has antioxidative and antiviral activities[1][2][3].
Naspm (1-Naphthyl acetyl spermine) trihydrochloride, a synthetic analogue of Joro spider toxin, is a calcium permeable AMPA (CP-AMPA) receptors antagonist.
Endoxifen Z-isomer is the most important Tamoxifen metabolite responsible for eliciting the anti-estrogenic effects of this drug in breast cancer cells expressing estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα). Endoxifen inhibits hERG tail currents at 50 mV in a concentration-dependent manner with IC50 values of 1.6 μM.IC50 value: 1.6 μM [1]Target: hERG Potassium Channel, Estrogen Receptor/ERREndoxifen Z-isomer is considered a prodrug, since it has a much higher potency for the estrogen receptor than its parent drug. Endoxifen inhibits the hERG channel protein trafficking to the plasma membrane in a concentration-dependent manner with Endoxifen being more potent than Tamoxifen. [1] Endoxifen is also shown to be a more potent inhibitor of estrogen target genes when ERβ is expressed. Additionally, low concentrations of Endoxifen Z-isomer observed in Tamoxifen treated patients with deficient CYP2D6 activity (20 to 40 nM) markedly inhibit estrogen-induced cell proliferation rates in the presence of ERβ, whereas much higher Endoxifen Z-isomer concentrations are needed when ERβ is absent.[2]
CNS-5161 hydrochloride is a novel NMDA ion-channel antagonist that interacts with the NMDA receptor/ion channel site to produce a noncompetitive blockade of the actions of glutamate.
Daurisoline is a hERG inhibitor and also an autophagy blocker.
Atomoxetine (Tomoxetine) is a selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor with Ki values of 5, 77 and 1451 nM for norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) transporters, respectively. Atomoxetine (Tomoxetine) increases of DAEX and NEEX in the PFC and enhances catecholaminergic neurotransmission. Atomoxetine (Tomoxetine) is a potent Na+ channels (VGSCs) blocker. Atomoxetine (Tomoxetine) can be used for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) research[1][2][3].
Hexachlorophene(Hexachlorofen) is a potent KCNQ1/KCNE1 potassium channel activator with EC50 of 4.61 ± 1.29 μM; also is an inhibitor of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling.IC50 value: 4.61 ± 1.29 μM(EC50) [1]Target: KCNQ1 activatorin vitro: HCP potently increases the current amplitude of KCNQ1/KCNE1 expressed by stabilizing the channel in an open state with an EC(50) of 4.61 ± 1.29 μM. Further studies in cardiomyocytes showed that HCP significantly shortens the action potential duration at 1 μM. In addition, HCP is capable of rescuing the loss of function of the LQTs mutants caused by either impaired activation gating or phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) binding affinity [1]. Hexachlorophene antagonized CRT that was stimulated by Wnt3a-conditioned medium by promoting the degradation of beta-catenin. hexachlorophene represses the expression of cyclin D1 [2]. Triclosan and hexachlorophene inhibited both ecFabI and saFabI. hexachlorophene prevented the formation of a stable FabI-NAD(P)(+)-drug ternary complex [3].
L-DABA (L-2,4-Diaminobutyric acid) is a week GABA transaminase inhibitor with an IC50 of larger than 500 μM; exhibits antitumor activity in vivo and in vitro.
Eslicarbazepine acetate, an antiepileptic drug, is a dual a dual Inhibitor of β-Secretase and voltage-gated sodium channel.
Glycine-d2 is the deuterium labeled Glycine. Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and also acts as a co-agonist along with glutamate, facilitating an excitatory potential at the glutaminergic N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors.
L-Palmitoylcarnitine chloride, a long-chain acylcarnitine and a fatty acid metabolite, accumulates in the sarcolemma and deranges the membrane lipid environment during ischaemia. L-Palmitoylcarnitine chloride inhibits KATP channel activity, without affecting the single channel conductance, through interaction with Kir6.2[1].
ML218 is a selective T-type calcium channel inhibitor with IC50s of 270 and 310 nM for Cav3.3 and Cav3.2 in electrophysiology assay, respectively.
Felbamate (FBM) is a potent nonsedative anticonvulsant whose clinical effect may be related to the inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) .Target: NMDA ReceptorFelbamate (marketed under the brand name Felbatol by MedPointe) is an anti-epileptic drug used in the treatment of epilepsy. It is used to treat partial seizures (with and without generalization) in adults and partial and generalized seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in children. However, an increased risk of potentially fatal aplastic anemia and/or liver failure limit the drugs usage to severe refractory epilepsy.Felbamate has been proposed to a unique dual mechanism of action as a positive modulator of GABAA receptors and as a blocker of NMDA receptors, particularly isoforms containing the NR2B subunit. Although it is clear that felbamate does cause pharmacological inhibition of NMDA receptor of relevance of NMDA receptor blockade as a strategy for the treatment of human epilepsy has been questioned. Therefore, the importance of the effects of felbamate on NMDA receptors to its therapeutic action in epilepsy is uncertain.
Procyclidine (Tricyclamol; (±)-Procyclidine), an anticholinergic agent, is a muscarinic receptor antagonist that also has the properties of an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist. Procyclidine can be used in studies of Parkinson's disease and related psychiatric disorders such as Soman-induced epilepsy[1][2].
Efonidipine(NZ-105) Hcl monoethanolate is a dual T-type and L-type calcium channel blocker (CCB).IC50 value: Target: calcium channel blockerin vitro: Efonidipine and nifedipine, but not other examined CCBs, also increased the N(6), 2'-O-dibutyryladenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (dbcAMP)-induced StAR mRNA, which reflects the action of adrenocorticotropic hormone, and efonidipine and R(-)-efonidipine enhanced the dbcAMP-induced DHEA-S production in NCI-H295R adrenocortical carcinoma cells [1]. I(Ca(T)) was blocked mainly by a tonic manner by nifedipine, by a use-dependent manner by mibefradil, and by a combination of both manners by efonidipine. IC50s of these Ca2+ channel antagonists to I(Ca(T)) and L-type Ca2+ channel current (I(Ca(L))) were 1.2 micromol/l and 0.14 nmol/l for nifedipine; 0.87 and 1.4 micromol/l for mibefradil, and 0.35 micromol/l and 1.8 nmol/l for efonidipine, respectively [4].in vivo: Twenty hypertensive patients on chronic hemodialysis were given efonidipine 20-60 mg twice daily and amlodipine 2.5-7.5 mg once daily for 12 weeks each in a random crossover manner. The average blood pressure was comparable between the efonidipine and amlodipine periods (151 + or - 15/77 + or - 8 versus 153 + or - 15/76 + or - 8 mmHg). The pulse rate did not change significantly during the administration periods [2]. In the UM-X7.1 group, EFO treatment significantly attenuated the decrease of LVEF without affecting blood pressure compared with the vehicle group. EFO treatment decreased heart rate (by approximately 10%) in both groups [3].
Rapastinel Trifluoroacetate is an NMDA receptor modulator with glycine-site partial agonist properties and currently in a phase II clinical development program as an adjunctive therapy for major depressive disorder.
PHA-543613 dihydrochloride is a potent, orally active, brain-penetrant and selective α7 nAChR agonist with a Ki value of 8.8 nM. PHA-543613 dihydrochloride displays selectivity for α7-nAChR over α3β4, α1β1γδ, α4β2 and 5-HT3 receptors[1]. PHA-543613 dihydrochloride can be used for the cognitive deficits of Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia research[2][3].
Bexagliflozin is a potent and selective SGLT2 inhibitor with IC50 value of 5.6 μM /2 nM in SGLT1 /SGLT2 respectively.target: SGLT2IC50: 5.6 μM (SGLT1)/ 2 nM (SGLT2)1) In normal rats and dogs a saturable urinary glucose excretion was produced with an ED50 of 0.38 and 0.09 mg/kg, respectively.2) EGT1442 significantly prolonged the median survival of SHRSP rats.3) EGT1442 dose-dependently reduced HbA1c and blood glucose concentration without affecting body mass or insulin level.
Rosuvastatin Sodium is a competitive HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 11 nM. Rosuvastatin Sodium potently blocks hERG current with an IC50 of 195 nM[2]. Rosuvastatin Sodium reduces the expression of the mature hERG and the interaction of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) with the hERG protein. Rosuvastatin Sodium effectively lowers low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, and C-reactive protein levels[1][2][3].
Pinacidil monohydrate, an antihypertensive drug, is a potassium channel activator.