F 15845 is a highly effective persistent sodium current blocker. F 15845 also is a cardioprotective agent, has anti-ischemic activity and exerts short- and long-term cardioprotection after myocardial infarction. F 15845 can be used for the research of myocardium functional impairment[1].
Lidocaine-d6 (hydrochloride) is deuterium labeled Lidocaine (hydrochloride). Lidocaine hydrochloride (Lignocaine hydrochloride) inhibits sodium channels involving complex voltage and using dependence[1]. Lidocaine hydrochloride decreases growth, migration and invasion of gastric carcinoma cells via up-regulating miR-145 expression and further inactivation of MEK/ERK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Lidocaine hydrochloride is an amide derivative and a drug to treat ventricular arrhythmia and an effective tumor-inhibitor[2].
Vincanol ((-)-Isoeburnamine) is a blocker of voltage-gated Na+ channels. Vincanol blocks Na+ currents with an IC50 value of 40 μM. Vincanol has neuroprotective effect[1].
Ceratotoxin-2 (CcoTx2) is a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker with IC50s of 8 nM and 88 nM against Nav1.2/β1 and Nav1.3/β1, respectively[1].
(Rac)-AMG8379 ((Rac)-AMG8380) is a racemate of AMG8379. AMG8379 is a potent, orally active and selective sulfonamide antagonist of NaV1.7, with IC50s of 8.5 and 18.6 nM for hNaV1.7 and mNaV1.7, respectively [1].
S-Bioallethrin is a pyrethroid insecticide. S-Bioallethrin disrupts nerve function by modifying the gating kinetics of transitions between the conducting and nonconducting states of voltage-gated sodium channels[1].
N-Methyl duloxetine-d7 is the deuterium labeled N-Methyl Duloxetine. N-Methyl Duloxetine is an analgesic. N-Methyl Duloxetine elicits both tonic and use-dependent block of neuronal Na+ channels[1][2].
Benzamil (Benzylamiloride), an Amiloride analogue, is a Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) inhibitor (IC50~100 nM). Benzamil also is a non-selective Deg/epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) blocker, and can potentiate myogenic vasoconstriction. Benzamil inhibits TRPP3-mediated Ca2+-activated currents, with an IC50 of 1.1 μM[1][2][3].
EIPA hydrochloride (L593754 hydrochloride) is a TRPP3 channel inhibitor with an IC50 of 10.5 μM[1]. EIPA also inhibits Na+/H+-exchanger (NHE)[2] and macropinocytosis[3].
Topiramate D12 (McN 4853 D12) is a deuterium labeled Topiramate. Topiramate is a broad-spectrum antiepileptic agent. Topiramate is a GluR5 receptor antagonist. Topiramate produces its antiepileptic effects through enhancement of GABAergic activity, inhibition of kainate/AMPA receptors, inhibition of voltage-sensitive sodium and calcium channels, increases in potassium conductance, and inhibition of carbonic anhydrase[1][2][3].
4-Chlorophenylguanidine hydrochloride is a potent ASIC3 positive allosteric modulator and reverses the effects of ASIC3 desensitization. 4-Chlorophenylguanidine hydrochloride influences ASIC3 activity through directly activating the channel and increasing proton sensitivity. 4-Chlorophenylguanidine hydrochloride offers a chemical backbone for the design of new ASIC3 ligands to study ASIC3 in vivo[1].
Phenamil methanesulfonate, an analog of Amiloride (HY-B0285), is a more potent and less reversible epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) blocker with an IC50 of 400 nM[2]. Phenamil methanesulfonate is also a competive inhibitor of TRPP3 and inhibits TRPP3-mediated Ca2+ transport with an IC50 of 140 nM in a Ca2+ uptake assay[1]. Phenamil methanesulfonate is an intriguing small molecule to promote bone repair by strongly activating BMP signaling pathway[4]. Phenamil methanesulfonate is used for the research of cystic fibrosis lung disease[5].
Carbamazepine-d8 is the deuterium labeled Carbamazepine. Carbamazepine, a sodium channel blocker, is an anticonvulsant drug, with an IC50 of 131 μM[1][2].
μ-Conotoxin SIIIA is a tetrodotoxin (TTX)-resistant sodium channel blocker. μ-Conotoxin SIIIA is a toxic peptide that can be obtained from the venom of Conus snails. μ-Conotoxin SIIIA can be used in the study of neurological diseases, such as neuropathic pain[1].
Huwentoxin I (HWTX-I) is a peptide toxin that inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels and N-type calcium channels. Huwentoxin I inhibits sodium channels in rat hippocampus and cockroach dorsal unpaired median (DUM) neurons with IC50 values of 66.1 and 4.80 nM, respectively[1].
Mexiletine hydrochloride is a non-selective voltage-gated sodium channel blocker; Class IB anti-arrhythmic compound.
GpTx-1 is a potent, selective, 34-residue peptide antagonist of Nav1.7 sodium channel with IC50 of 10 nM, displays 20- and 1000- fold selectivity over NaV1.4 and NaV1.5.
Taplucainium chloride is a Sodium Channel blocker. Taplucainium chloride exhibits 70-95% inhibition at 10μM. Taplucainium chloride can be used as an analgesic agent[1][2].
Propafenone-(phenyl-dd5) (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Propafenone hydrochloride[1]. Propafenone hydrochloride is a class of anti-arrhythmic medication, which treats illnesses associated with rapid heart beats such as atrial and ventricular arrhythmias[2].
Amiloride (hydrochloride) is an epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) inhibitor and a competitive inhibitor of Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA).
Dibucaine Hydrochloride is a local anesthetic of the amide type now generally used for surface anesthesia.Target: Sodium ChannelDibucaine is an amide local anesthetic. Dibucaine reduced the degradation of BSA-gold complex in the reservosomes, which was not caused either by an inhibition of the whole proteolytic activity of the parasite or by a reduction on the expression levels of cruzipain [1].Dibucaine, a quaternary ammonium compound, inhibited SChE to a minimum within 2 min in a reversible manner. The inhibition was very potent. It had an IC(50) of 5.3 microM with BuTch or 3.8 microM with AcTch. The inhibition was competitive with respect to BuTch with a K(i) of 1.3 microM and a linear-mixed type (competitive/noncompetitive) with respect to AcTch with inhibition constants, K(i) and K(I) of 0.66 and 2.5 microM, respectively. Dibucaine possesses a butoxy side chain that is similar to the butryl group of BuTch and longer by an ethylene group from AcTch [2].
(-)-Sparteine sulfate pentahydrate is a class 1a antiarrhythmic agent and a sodium channel blocker. It is an alkaloid, can chelate the bivalents calcium and magnesium.
GX-201 is a selective NaV1.7 inhibitor, with an IC50 of <3.2 nM for hNaV1.7[1].
ProTx-I, a venom toxin of the tarantula Thrixopelma pruriens, is a potent, selective CaV3.1 channel blocker with IC50 values of 0.2 μM and 31.8 μM for hCaV3.1 and hCaV3.2 respectively. ProTx-I is also a potent blocker for voltage-gated Na+ channels and inhibits KV 2.1 channels[1][2].
Myomodulin is a neuropeptide present in molluscs, insects, and gastropods.
NaV1.7 inhibitor-1 is an efficacious voltage-gated sodium channel (NaV) 1.7 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.6 nM for hNaV1.7, exhibits 80-fold selectivity versus hNaV1.5[1].
Flecainide(Tambocor) is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug especially used for the management of supraventricular arrhythmia; works by blocking the Nav1.5 sodium channel in the heart, causing prolongation of the cardiac action potential.IC50 Value:Target: Nav1.5 channelFlecainide is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug especially used for the management of supraventricular arrhythmia. Flecainide works by blocking the Nav1.5 sodium channel in the heart, causing prolongation of the cardiac action potential.in vitro: Under the current-clamp condition, flecainide (1-100 microM) prolonged the action potential duration at both the early and the late phases of repolarization in a concentration-dependent manner without affecting the resting membrane potential [1]. At a holding potential (HP) of -120 mV, flecainide use-dependently blocked WT and G1306E I(Na) equally but was more potent on R1448C channels. For WT, the extent of block depended on a holding voltage more negative than the activation threshold, being greater at -90 mV as compared to -120 and -180 mV [2].in vivo: Flecainide (80-130 mg/m(2) orally) resulted in termination of the tachycardia in all 8 patients. Acute pharmacological termination of arrhythmia occurred with oral flecainide loading in 1 and temporarily with intravenous esmolol loading in 1 patient. Adjuvant therapy in form of propranolol was used in 5 and digoxin in 2 [3].Clinical trial: To Evaluate the Impact of Oral Flecainide on Quality of Life in Patients With Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation . Phase4
Quinacrine (Acriquine) is an antimalarial and anti-cancer agent. Quinacrine also inhibits human aldehyde oxidase (IC50: 3.3 μM). Quinacrine has affinity for nucleic acids, and stains DNA and RNA in fixed cells (Ex/Em: 436/525 nm)[1][2][3][4][7].
Zoniporide (CP-597396) hydrochloride hydrate is a potent and selective inhibitor of sodium-hydrogen exchanger type 1 (NHE-1). Zoniporide hydrochloride hydrate inhibits human NHE-1 (IC50=14 nM), and has >150-fold selectivity versus other NHE isoforms. Zoniporide hydrochloride hydrate potently inhibits ex vivo NHE-1-dependent swelling of human platelets (IC50=59 nM)[1][2].