ICI 153110 is an orally active phosphodiesterase inhibitor with both vasodilating and inotropic properties which is designed for the treatment of congestive cardiac failure.
Deltasonamide 2 TFA is a PDEδ inhibitor with a Kd of ~385 pM and an EC50 of 1.24 μM[1].
MDL12330A (RMI12330A) is an adenyl cyclase inhibitor. MDL12330A inhibits the vasopressin action on the short-circuit current (SCC). MDL12330A is also an inhibitor of cAMP phosphodiesterase[1].
ATX inhibitor 20 (compound 24) is a potent ATX (autotaxin) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 2.3 nM[1].
MY-5445 is a specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor[1].
PQ-10 is a potent inhibitor of Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) with IC50 andED50 of 4.6 nM and 13 mg/kg, respectively. PQ-10 induces patterns of brain glucose metabolism which can be a potential translational biomarker. PQ-10 has the potential for researching psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia[1].
Flavoxate is a potent and competitive phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor. Flavoxate is an antispasmodic agent and muscarinic mAChR antagonist. Flavoxate shows moderate calcium antagonistic activity and local anesthetic effect. Flavoxate can be used for the research of overactive bladder (OAB) and lower urinary tract infections[1][2].
Phosphodiesterase (PDE) is an enzyme that can catalyze the hydrolysis of the 3' ring phosphate bond of cyclic nucleotides, and is often used in biochemical research. Phosphodiesterase acts as an important regulator of signal transduction mediated by the second messenger molecules cAMP and cGMP. According to their specificity to cyclic nucleotides, they can also be divided into different types, such as PDE1-PDE11, which also have certain potential in various diseases[1].
ATX inhibitor 19 (compound 22) is a potent ATX (autotaxin) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 156 nM[1].
Zaprinast (M&B 22948) is an inhibitor of cGMP-selective Phosphodiesterases(PDEs)[1]. Zaprinast is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPR) 35 agonist which activates rat GPR35 strongly and activates human GPR35 moderately[2]. Zaprinast reduces vessel remodeling through antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects[3].
Glaucine (O,O-Dimethylisoboldine) is an alkaloid isolated from Glaucium flavum Crantz with antitussive, bronchodilation and anti-inflammatory properties. Glaucine is a selective and orally active phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor with Kis of 3.4 µM in human bronchus and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Glaucine is also a non-selective α-adrenoceptor antagonist, a Ca2+ entry blocker, and a weak dopamine D1 and D2 receptor antagonist. Glaucine has antioxidative and antiviral activities[1][2][3].
THPP-1, a SGC chemical probe, is a potent and orally bioavailable phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) inhibitor, with Ki values of 1 nM and 1.3 nM for human and rat PDE10A, respectively. THPP-1 has excellent pharmacokinetic properties in preclinical species[1].
Yonkenafil (Tunodafil), a novel phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, is effective in reducing cerebral infarction, neurological deficits, edema, and neuronal damage in the infarcted area. Yonkenafil may improve cognitive function by modulating neurogenesis and has a potential therapeutic effect on Alzheimer's disease[1].
S32826 disodium is a potent autotaxin inhibitor, with an IC50 of 8.8 nM. S32826 disodium shows similar inhibitory effects at various autotaxin isoforms (α, β and γ). S32826 disodium inhibits LPA release from adipocytes[1].
Roflumilast-d3 is deuterium labeled Roflumilast. Roflumilast is a selective PDE4 inhibitor with IC50s of 0.7, 0.9, 0.7, and 0.2 nM for PDE4A1, PDEA4, PDEB1, and PDEB2, respectively, without affecting PDE1, PDE2, PDE3 or PDE5 isoenzymes from various cells.
Roflumilast is a selective PDE4 inhibitor with IC50s of 0.7, 0.9, 0.7, and 0.2 nM for PDE4A1, PDEA4, PDEB1, and PDEB2, respectively, without affecting PDE1, PDE2, PDE3 or PDE5 isoenzymes from various cells.
PDE2A-IN-1 is a phosphodiesterase 2A (PDE2A) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 1.3 nM.
Fraxin isolated from Acer tegmentosum, F. ornus or A. hippocastanum, is a glucoside of fraxetin and reported to exert potent anti-oxidative stress action[1], anti-inflammatory and antimetastatic properties. Fraxin shows its antioxidative effect through inhibition of cyclo AMP phosphodiesterase enzyme[2].
Aminophylline is a competitive nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor that is used to treat airway obstruction from asthma or COPD.Target: PhosphodiesteraseAminophylline is a compound of the bronchodilator theophylline with ethylenediamine in 2:1 ratio. The ethylenediamine improves solubility, and the aminophylline is usually found as a dihydrate. Aminophylline is less potent and shorter-acting than theophylline. Its most common use is in the treatment of airway obstruction from asthma or COPD. It is used off-label as a reversal agent during nuclear stress testing. Aminophylline is a nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist and phosphodiesterase inhibitor.Adenosine is an endogenous extracellular messenger that can regulate myocardial oxygen needs. It acts through cellular surface receptors which effect intracellular signalling pathways to increase coronary artery blood flow, slow heart rate, block atrioventricular node conduction, suppress cardiac automaticity, and decrease β-adrenergic effects on contractility. Adenosine also antagonizes chronotropic and ionotropic effects of circulating catecholamines. Overall, adenosine decreases the heart's rate and force of contraction, which increases blood supply to the cardiac muscle. Given specific circumstances this mechanism (which is intended to protect the heart) may cause atropine-resistant refractory bradyasystole. Adenosine's effects are concentration-dependent. Adenosine's receptors are competitively antagonized by methylxanthines such as aminophylline. Aminophylline competitively antagonizes the cardiac actions of adenosine at the cell surface receptors. Thus, it increases heart rate and contractility.
Thioquinapiperifil dihydrochloride (KF31327), a potent, selective and non-competitive phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5, IC50 of 0.074 nM) inhibitor, is used for sexual enhancement study[1][2].
DSR-141562 is a novel, orally active, and selective brain-penetrant phosphodiesterase 1 (PDE1) inhibitor. DSR-141562 shows preferential selectivity for human PDE1B with an IC50 of 43.9 nM, and the IC50 values for human PDE1A and 1C are 97.6 and 431.8 nM, respectively. DSR-141562 can be used for the study of positive symptoms, negative symptoms and cognitive impairments associated with schizophrenia[1][2].
PDE11-IN-1 is a PDE11 inhibitor and can be used for adrenal insufficiency research[1].
TAK-915 (TAK915) is a highly potent, selective, brain-penetrating and orally active phosphodiesterase 2A (PDE2A) inhibitor with IC50 of 0.61 nM; dispalys 4100-fold selectivity over PDE1A, and >20,000-fold over other PDE isoforms; robustly increased cGMP levels in the rat brain, attenuates MK-801-induced episodic memory deficits in rats. Schizophrenia Phase 1 Clinical
Win 58237 is a cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, with Ki of 170 nM for PDE V, possessing vasorelaxant activity.
LAS-31180 is an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 3, with positive inotropic and vasodilator properties.
Drotaverine (hydrochloride) is a type 4 cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE4) inhibitor and an L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel (L-VDCC) blocker, blocks the degradation of 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Drotaverine (hydrochloride) exhibits in vivo antispasmodic efficacy without anticholinergic effects.
Orismilast (LEO-32731) is a PDE4 inhibitor used for the research of inflammatory diseases[1].
Doxofylline is an antagonist of adenosine A1 receptor which also inhibits phosphodiesterase IV.
FPFT-2216, a “molecular glue” compound, degrades phosphodiesterase 6D (PDE6D), zinc finger transcription factors Ikaros (IKZF1), Aiolos (IKZF3), and casein kinase 1α (CK1α). FPFT-2216 can be used for the research of cancer and inflammatory disease[1][2].
Ophiobolin A, a fungal metabolite and a phytotoxin, is a potent and irreversibly inhibitor of calmodulin-activated cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, with an IC50 value of 9 μM. Ophiobolin A antimicrobial and anticancer activity[1].