Xanthurenic acid is a putative endogenous Group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist, on sensory transmission in the thalamus.
(Phe2,Nle4)-ACTH (1-24) (human, bovine, rat) is a fragment of the ACTH hormone. (Phe2,Nle4)-ACTH (1-24) (human, bovine, rat) can be labeled with I125 on Tyr23 to produce a radiolabeled ligand[1].
GPR120 Agonist 1 is a potent and selective GPR120 agonist, and possesses promising antidiabetic effect and good safety profile to be a development candidate[1].
CREBtide, a synthetic 13 amino acid peptide, has been reported as a PKA substrate.
Vupanorsen (sodium) is an N-acetyl galactosamine-conjugated antisense oligonucleotide that inhibits Angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3) protein synthesis. Vupanorsen (sodium) lowers triglycerides and atherogenic lipoproteins.
Gnetuhainin I (Compound 5) is a lignin derived from Pouzolzia zeylanica. Gnetuhainin I shows good inhibitory effect on ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) (IC50=2.63 μM)[1].
FR-190809 is a potent, nonadrenotoxic, orally efficacious acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 45 nM[1].
D-Glutamine is a cell-permeable D type stereoisomer of Glutamine.
5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil-d6 is the deuterium labeled 5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil. 5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil (Dihydrothymine), an intermediate breakdown product of thymine, comes from animal or plants. 5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil (Dihydrothymine) can be toxic when present at abnormally high levels[1].
PIK-293, an analog of IC87114, is a PI3K inhibitor, with IC50 values of 0.24 μM, 10 μM, 25 μM and 100 μM for p110δ, p110β, p110γ and p110α, respectively[1].
PF-06815345 hydrochloride is an orally active and potent inhibitor of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) with an IC50 value of 13.4 μM. PF-06815345 hydrochloride significantly decreases the PCSK9 level in vivo in mouse[1][2].
2',5'-Dideoxyadenosine is a potent and non-competitive adenylyl cyclase inhibitor via binding the P-site with an IC50 of 3 µM . 2',5'-Dideoxyadenosine is a nucleoside analog and exerts a potent antiadrenergic action in heart[1][2].
Tiopronin 13C D3 is deuterium labeled Tiopronin.
Ertiprotafib is an inhibitor of PTP1B, IkB kinase β (IKK-β), and a dual PPARα and PPARβ agonist, with an IC50 of 1.6 μM for PTP1B, 400 nM for IKK-β, an EC50 of ~1 μM for PPARα/PPARβ.
L-Lactic acid-13C3 ((S)-2-hydroxypropanoic-13-C3) sodium is the 13C labeled L-Lactic acid. L-Lactic acid-13C3 sodium can be used for lactate metabolism research[1].
The compound is a xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) inhibitor with high inhibitory concentration, and the value of ic50 is 7.0 nm.
PF-05175157 is broad spectrum acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitor with IC50s of 27.0, 33.0, 23.5 and 50.4 nM for ACC1 (human), ACC2 (human), ACC1 (rat), ACC2 (rat), respectively.
Methyl pseudolarate B, a natural diterpenoid, is a protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) (Phosphatase) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 10.9 μM[1].
IMM-H007 is a potent TGFβ1 (transforming growth factor β1) antagonist. IMM-H007 has protective effects in cardiovascular diseases via activation of AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase). IMM-H007 negatively regulates endothelium inflammation through inactivating NF-κB and JNK/AP1 signaling. IMM-H007 inhibits ABCA1 degradation. IMM-H007 resolves hepatic steatosis in HFD-fed hamsters by the regulation of lipid metabolism. IMM-H007 can be used for the research of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and inflammatory atherosclerosis[1][2][3].
Bococizumab (PF-04950615) is an anti-human PCSK9 inhibitory antibody that reduces LDL cholesterol levels. Bococizumab can be used in the research of hypercholesterolemia[1][2].
D-Tetrahydropalmatine is an isoquinoline alkaloid, mainly in the genus Corydalis[1]. D-Tetrahydropalmatine is a Dopamine (DA) receptor antagonist with preferential affinity toward the D1 receptors[2]. D-Tetrahydropalmatine is a potent organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) inhibitor[3].
Torsemide is a pyridine-sulfonyl urea type loop diuretic.Target: OthersTorasemide is a pyridine-sulfonylurea type loop diuretic mainly used in the management of edema associated with congestive heart failure. It is also used at low doses for the management of hypertension. Torsemide significantly reduced total HF readmissions (relative risk [RR]: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.28-0.61, p < 0.0001) and HF readmissions (RR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.33-0.84, p = 0.008) as well as CV readmissions (RR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.60-0.98, p = 0.03) in patients with "at least 1 readmission." Torsemide caused a 14% reduction in all-cause mortality (RR: 0.86 [0.53-1.39], p = 0.54). Torsemide significantly reduces HF and CV-related hospital readmissions in systolic HF. Furthermore, torsemide is associated with a trend in reducing all-cause mortality [1]. Torsemide has several characteristics that make it suitable for treatment of advanced heart failure including longer half-life, increased potency of diuretic action, and anti-aldosterone effects. This case report details the administration of torsemide in 3 dogs with advanced heart failure and apparent furosemide resistance [2].
Aflibercept (VEGF Trap) is a soluble decoy VEGFR constructed by fusing the Ig domains of VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 with the Fc region of human IgG1. Aflibercept inhibits VEGF signaling by reducing VEGF-regulated processes. Aflibercept can be used for thr research of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and cardiovascular disease[1][2][3].
Mipomersen (sodium) is a second-generation 20-base phosphorothioate ASO targeted to human apoB-100[1][2].
Methocarbamol is a central muscle relaxant used to treat skeletal muscle spasms.Target: Carbonic AnhydraseMethocarbamol is the carbamate of guaifenesin, but does not produce guaifenesin as a metabolite, because the carbamate bond is not hydrolyzed metabolically; metabolism is by Phase I ring hydroxylation and O-demethylation, followed by Phase II conjugation. All the major metabolites are unhydrolyzed carbamates. Methocarbamol is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm [1, 2].
DL-Mevalonolactone ((±)-Mevalonolactone;Mevalolactone) is the δ-lactone form of mevalonic acid, a precursor in the mevalonate pathway. DL-Mevalonolactone (Mevalonolactone) decreases mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm), NAD(P)H content and the capacity to retain Ca2+ in the brain, besides inducing mitochondrial swelling[1][2].
DMAPP (Dimethylallyl pyrophosphate) is an isoprenoid precursor. DMAPP, as an isomer of isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP), exists in virtually all life forms[1].
NKY80 is a potent, selective and non-competitive adenylyl cyclase (AC) type V isoform inhibitor with IC50s of 8.3 µM, 132 µM and 1.7 mM for type V, III and II, respectively. NKY80 is a non-nucleoside quinazolinone and regulates the AC catalytic activity in heart and lung tissues[1][2].
Exendin-4 acetate, a 39 amino acid peptide, is a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist with an IC50 of 3.22 nM.
Isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, a natural compound widely contained in many vegetables and rice, could be metabolized in intestinal microbiota after digestion[1].