10-Formyltetrahydrofolic acid is a form of tetrahydrofolic acid that acts as a donor of formyl groups in anabolism. 10-Formyltetrahydrofolic acid can be used as a substrate for formyltransferase reactions and is involved in the biosynthesis of purines[1].
DMAPP (Dimethylallyl pyrophosphate) triammonium is an isoprenoid precursor. DMAPP triammonium, as an isomer of isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP), exists in virtually all life forms[1].
QH536 (Compound 29) is a potent HMGCR degrader with an EC50 of 0.22 μM. QH536 has no side-effect of inducing cholesterol accumulation in cells. QH536 shows anti-inflammatory and can be used for cardiovascular disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis research[1].
E-3620 is a potent 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. E-3620 can be used for the research of dyskinesi and gastrointestinal motility[1][2].
Propane-1,2,3-triyl tripalmitate-13C3 is the 13C labeled Propane-1,2,3-triyl tripalmitate. Propane-1,2,3-triyl tripalmitate is an endogenous metabolite.
Cholesterol-d4 is deuterium labeled Cholesterol. Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals and is makes up 20-25% of structural component of the plasma membrane. Plasma membranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins[1][2]. Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist[3].
L-5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrofolic acid, a folic acid derivative, which is a coenzyme in many reactions, especially in the metabolism of amino acids and nucleic acids.
Linagliptin-d4 is deuterium labeled Linagliptin. Linagliptin is a highly potent, selective DPP-4 inhibitor with IC50 of 1 nM.
ZGN-1061 (Aclimostat) is a novel potent, selective Methionine aminopeptidase 2 (MetAP2) inhibitor being investigated for treatment of diabetes and obesity; reduces body weight in diet-induced obese (DIO) insulin-resistant mice, also produced improvements in metabolic parameters, including plasma glucose and insulin, and, in HepG2 cells, initiated gene changes similar to beloranib; does not increase coagulation markers in dogs and ZGN-1061 had a greatly improved safety profile in rats relative to beloranib. Diabetes Phase 2 Clinical
(3S,5R)-Rosuvastatin is the (3S,5R)-enantiomer of Rosuvastatin. Rosuvastatin is a competitive HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor with an IC50 of 11 nM[1]. Rosuvastatin potently blocks human ether-a-go-go related gene (hERG) current with an IC50 of 195 nM[2]. Rosuvastatin reduces the expression of the mature hERG and the interaction of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) with the hERG protein. Rosuvastatin is very effective in lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, and C-reactive protein levels[3].
L-Histidine-13C (H-His-OH-13C) hydrochloride hydrate is the 13C-labeled L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate. L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate (H-His-OH.HCl.H2O) is an endogenous metabolite.
Palmitic acid-13C is the 13C-labeled Palmitic acid. Palmitic acid is a long-chain saturated fatty acid commonly found in both animals and plants. Palmitic acid can induce the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) in in mouse granulosa cells[1][2].
GLP-2 (1-34) (human) is a polypeptide released from the intestine within minutes after food intake. GLP-2 (1-34) (human) can be used for the research of bone remodeling processes[1].
Thymine is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA and can be a target for actions of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in cancer treatment, with a Km of 2.3 μM.
Benzamil hydrochloride is a specific blocker of sodium channel (ENaC).
N-Formylcytisine is a cytisine-type alkaloid from the stem bark of Maackia amurensis[1].
1-Methyluric acid acts on the urinary bladder mucosa and increases the blood glucose, insulin, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels.
3b,17b-Dihydroxyetiocholane is known as androgens and derivatives.
β-1,3-1,4-Glucanase catalyzes the hydrolysis ofβ-glucan into low molecular weight glucose polymers, thus reducing the hydrophilicity and viscosity of chyme and eliminating the anti-nutritional negative effect. β-1,3-1,4-glucanase can improve feed intake, enhance animal production, regulate cecal microbiota and increase feed conversion ratio[1].
Dapagliflozin D5 (BMS-512148 D5) is a deuterium labeled Dapagliflozin. Dapagliflozin is a competitive SGLT2 inhibitor[1].
6-Aminocaproic acid-d10 (EACA-d10) is the deuterium labeled 6-Aminocaproic acid. 6-Aminocaproic acid (EACA), a monoamino carboxylic acid, is a potent and orally active inhibitor of plasmin and plasminogen. 6-Aminocaproic acid is a potent antifibrinolytic agent. 6-Aminocaproic acid prevents clot lysis through the competitive binding of lysine residues on plasminogen, inhibiting plasmin formation and reducing fibrinolysis. 6-Aminocaproic acid can be used for the research of bleeding disorders[1][2].
5,6-trans-Vitamin D3 (5,6-trans-Cholecalciferol;5,6-trans-Colecalciferol) is a photoproduct of vitamin D3[1]. Vitamin D3 is a naturally occuring form of vitamin D. Vitamin D3 induces cell differentiation and prevents proliferation of cancer cells.
3,5,7,3′,4′-Pentamethoxyflavone is a polymethoxyflavonoid isolated from Kaempferia parviflora. 3,5,7,3′,4′-Pentamethoxyflavone can induce adipogenesis on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by regulating transcription factors at an early stage of differentiation[1].
Neomangiferin is a natural C-glucosyl xanthone isolated from m the dried rhizome of Anemarrhena asphodeloides. Neomangiferin has significant therapeutic effects on high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in rats[1].
Voglibose is an N-substituted derivative of valiolamine, excellent inhibitory activity against α-glucosidases and its action against hyperglycemia and various disorders caused by hyperglycemia.Target: α-glucosidasesglibose can inhibit the intestinal α-glucosidases, which are responsible for the digestion of disaccharides such as maltose and sucrose, including maltase and sucrase. The Ki values of Voglibose for sucrase and maltase are about 106and 105 times smaller than the Km values for sucrose and maltose [1]. Voglibose (0.2 mg/kg) completely inhibits the insulin response to sucrose in rats. Voglibose (0.2 mg/kg) reduces the carbohydrate-induced increase in blood glucose in rats. Voglibose (0.2 mg/kg) reduces the carbohydrate-induced increase in blood glucose without causing sustained hypoglycemia in both normal and neonatal streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats [2]. Voglibose (0.001%) treatment increases GLP-1 secretion (Voglibose alone, 1.6-fold; Alogliptin plus Voglibose, 1.5-fold), while it decreases plasma glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) (Voglibose alone, 30%; Alogliptin plus voglibose, 29%) in prediabetic db/db mice after 3 weeks. Voglibose (0.001%) treatment decreases plasma DPP-4 activity by 15% in prediabetic db/db mice. Voglibose (0.001%) treatment increases plasma insulin by 1.8-fold and decreases plasma glucagon by 8% in prediabetic db/db mice [3].
Geranyl diphosphate is a key intermediate in the isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway (IBP). HY-114295 plays key roles in cellular metabolism and is responsible for the production of both sterol and non-sterol isoprenoids[1][2].
Isodeoxycholic acid (7α,12α-Dihydroxycholanoic acid) is the 3β-epimer of ursodeoxycholic acid. Isodeoxycholic acid has the effect on choleresis and liver biochemistry[1].
2-Phenylethanamine is believed to function as a neuromodulator or neurotransmitter.
L-Tryptophanylglycine (Trp-gly) is a dipeptide that can inhibit Ceronapril uptake by Caco-2 cells, with a Ki of 7.19 mM[1].
L-Histidine-13C6 (H-His-OH-13C6) hydrochloride hydrate is the 13C-labeled L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate. L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate (H-His-OH.HCl.H2O) is an endogenous metabolite.