CP 376395 hydrochloride is a potent, selective, and brain-penetrable Corticotropin releasing factor 1 (CRF1) receptor antagonist[1][2].
Dasotraline is a triple reuptake inhibitor that blocks dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin transporters with IC50 values of 4, 6, and 11 nM, respectively.
MAO-B-IN-5 is a potent, selective and orally active MAO-B inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.204 µM. MAO-B-IN-5 has the potential for the research of Parkinson's disease (PD)[1].
7(18)-Dehydroschisandro A (Compound 2) is a lignan can be isolated from Schizandra chinensis Baill. 7(18)-Dehydroschisandro A has inhibitory effects on stress gastric ulcer[1].
Fenmetozole Tosylate is an antagonist of the actions of ethanol, also antagonizes α2-adrenergic receptor, and acts as an antidepressant drug.
Neoeriocitrin, isolated from Drynaria Rhizome, shows activity on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in MC3T3-E1. Neoeriocitrin is a potent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor[1][2].
RTI-118 is a novel small-molecule neuropeptide S receptor (NPSR) antagonist. RTI-118 can relieve drug addiction including selectively decrease cocaine self-administration[1].
Cerebellin is a neuromodulatory peptide widely distributed in the central nervous system.
KHS101 hydrochloride could selectively induce a neuronal differentiation phenotype and interacts with transforming acidic coiled-coil-containing protein 3 (TACC3).
A1AR antagonist 6 (compound 15) is a potent and selective A1AR (A1 adenosine receptor) antagonist, with a pIC50 of 6.38 and a pKi of 7.13[1].
TWIK-1/TREK-1-IN-1 (compound 2a) is an inhibitor of the TWIK-related potassium channel (Potassium Channel) TREK-1. TREK-1 contains a two-pore domain potassium (K2p) channel that dimerizes into TREK-1 homodimer and TWIK-1/TREK-1 heterodimer, and is an important antidepressant target. TWIK-1/TREK-1-IN-3 targets TREK-1 homodimer and TWIK-1/TREK-1 heterodimer with IC50s of 9.36 μM and 14.6 μM, respectively, and has antidepressant-like effects[1].
SERT-IN-2 is a potent SERT inhibitor (IC50=0.58 nM) with promising anti-depression efficacy. SERT-IN-2 shows good bioavailability of 83.28% in rats. SERT-IN-2 can cross the blood-brain barrier[1].
Preclamol hydrochloride ((-)-3-PPP hydrochloride) is a selective dopamine autoreceptor agonist. Preclamol hydrochloride has the potential for the research of schizophrenia[1][2].
α-Glucosidase-IN-4 is a reversible and mixed type α-glucosidase inhibitor with an IC50 of 12.98 μM, a KI of 27.02 μM, and a KIS of 13.65 μM, respectively[1].
RX 67668 is a potent cholinesterase inhibitor with an IC50 of 5 μM for both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase. RX 67668 can reverse the neuromuscular blockade induced by D-tubocurarine. RX 67668 is a muscle relaxant used to relieve skeletal muscle fatigue[1][2].
(E)-Crotylbarbital is the isomer of Crotylbarbital. Crotylbarbital is a barbiturate derivative. It has sedative and hypnotic effects, and can be used for the treatment of insomnia.
Chlormethiazole is an potent and orally active GABAA agonist[1]. Chlormethiazole inhibits cytochrome P450 isoforms: CYP2A6 and CYP2E1 in human liver microsomes. Chlormethiazole is an anticonvulsant agent and has the potential for treating convulsive status epilepticus[2].
VU0650786 is a potent and selective CNS penetrant negative allosteric modulator of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 3 (mGlu3), with an IC50 of 392 nM. VU0650786 has antidepressant and anxiolytic activity in rodents[1].
CNQX disodium (FG9065 disodium) is a potent and competitive AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist with IC50s of 0.3 μM and 1.5 μM, respectively. CNQX disodium is a competitive non-NMDA receptor antagonist[1]. CNQX disodium blocks the expression of fear-potentiated startle in rats[5].
IXA4 is a highly selective, non-toxic IRE1/XBP1s activator. IXA4 activates IRE1/XBP1s signaling without globally activating the unfolded protein response (UPR) or other stress-responsive signaling pathways (e.g., the heat shock response or oxidative stress response). IXA4 reduces secretion of APP through IRE1 activation[1].
Firazorexton hydrate (TAK-994) is a potent, brain-penetrant, and orally active orexin type 2 receptor (OX2R) agonist (EC50: 19 nM). Firazorexton hydrate inhibits fragmentation of wakefulness and cataplexy-like episodes in mouse models of narcolepsy[1].
LOE 908 hydrochloride is a non-selective cation channel (NSCC) inhibitor[1].
Rotigotine is a full agonist of dopamine receptor, a partial agonist of the 5-HT1A receptor, and an antagonist of the α2B-adrenergic receptor, with Kis of 0.71 nM, 4-15 nM, and 83 nM for the dopamine D3 receptor and D2, D5, D4 receptors, and dopamine D1 receptor.
Bacopaside I, a saponin isolated from Bacopa monniera, exbibits antioxidant properties and free radical scavenging capacity and exerts antidepressant-like effect[1].
NNC63-0532 is a novel non-peptide nociceptin receptor (ORL1) agonist, with EC50s of 305?nM. NNC63-0532 plays important roles in many disorders such as pain, drug addiction[1].
LRRK2-IN-10 (compound 34) is a potent, mutation-selective, and brain penetrant G2019S-LRRK2 kinase inhibitor with IC50s of 11 nM and 5.2 nM for G2019S-LRRK2 pS935 and G2019S-LRRK2 pS1292, respectively. LRRK2-IN-10 has the potential for Parkinson's disease research[1].
Entacapone is a specific, potent, peripherally acting catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor with IC50 of 151 nM for PD treatment. IC50 Value: 151 nMTarget: COMTin vitro: Entacapone inhibits catechol-O-methyltransferase(COMT) with similar IC50 in different tissues including live, duodenum, kidney and lung, but entacapone is more active than tolcapone in those tissues. Entacapone (< 100 μM) is a potent inhibitor of α-syn and β-amyloid (Aβ) oligomerization and fibrillogenesis, and also protects against extracellular toxicity induced by the aggregation of both proteins in PC12 cells.in vivo: Levodopa/carbidopa/entacapone has been shown to improve the pharmacokinetic profile of levodopa and provide superior symptomatic control compared with conventional levodopa/dopa decarboxylase inhibitor therapy. We report four case histories describing clinical experience of using levodopa/carbidopa/entacapone 200/50/200 mg, one of the latest doses of this formulation, in a range of patients with Parkinson's disease. These cases illustrate that levodopa/carbidopa/entacapone 200/50/200 mg provides improvements in symptomatic control.Clinical trial: The combination product carbidopa/levodopa/entacapone (CLE) was approved in 2003 for the treatment of PD patients.
2B-(SP) is a eIF2B-based substrate for glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3). 2B-(SP) is readily phosphorylated by both the α and β isoforms of GSK-3[1].
Tracazolate hydrochloride (ICI 136753 hydrochloride) is a potent GABAA receptor modulator. Tracazolate hydrochloride potentiates α1β1γ2s (EC50=13.2 μM) and α1β3γ2 (EC50=1.5 μM) in a concentration-dependent manner. Tracazolate hydrochloride has the potency (EC50) is determined by the nature of the third subunit (γ1-3, δ, ε) within the receptor complex. Tracazolate hydrochloride possesses anxiolytic and anticonvulsant activity[1][2].
Diphenidol hydrochloride is a muscarinic antagonist employed as an antiemetic and as an antivertigo agent.