Fructose is a simple ketonic monosaccharide found in many plants, where it is often bonded to glucose to form the disaccharide sucrose.
Uridin is a glycosylated pyrimidine-analog containing uracil attached to a ribose ring (or more specifically, aribofuranose) via a β-N1-glycosidic bond.
2'-Deoxyuridine could increase chromosome breakage and results in a decreased thymidylate synthetase activity. A known use of 2'-Deoxyuridine is as a precursor in the synthesis of Edoxudine.
D-(+)-Neopterin, a catabolic product of guanosine triphosphate (GTM), serves as a marker of cellular immune system activation.
Xylose, a natural product, can be catalyzed into xylulose by xylose isomerase, and it is the key step for anaerobic ethanolic fermentation of xylose.
2,3,4',5-tetrahydroxystilbene 2-O-D-glucoside isolats from the roots of Polygonum species, inhibits the formation of 5-HETE, HHT and thromboxane B2, although less strongly. [1]
Glucoraphanin, a natural glucosinolate found in cruciferous vegetable, is a stable precursor of the Nrf2 inducer sulforaphane, which possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic effects.
6-Biopterin (L-Biopterin), a pterin derivative, is a NO synthase cofactor.
Forsythoside B is a phenylethanoid glycoside isolated from the leaves of Lamiophlomis rotata Kudo, a Chinese folk medicinal plant for treating inflammatory diseases and promoting blood circulation. Forsythoside B could inhibit TNF-alpha, IL-6, IκB and modulate NF-κB.
Maltohexaose is a natural saccharide, and can be produced from amylose, amylopectin and whole starch.
meso-Erythritol is a sugar alcohol derived from fermenting the glucose of cornstarch, resulting in fewer calories and a less sweeter taste than regular sugar.
Hyaluronic acid is a biopolymer composed of repeating units of disaccharides with various applications.
Timosaponin A1 is a coprostane type steroidal saponin isolated from Rhizoma Anemarrhenae.
D-Mannose is a carbohydrate, which plays an important role in human metabolism, especially in the glycosylationof specific proteins.
Anemarrhenasaponin I, a traditional Chinese medicine, is isolated from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge.
D(+)-Raffinose pentahydrate (D-Raffinose pentahydrate) is a trisaccharide composed of galactose, glucose, and fructose that occurs naturally in a variety of vegetables and grains. D(+)-Raffinose pentahydrate is a functional oligosaccharide.
Saponins are a class of chemical compounds of glycosides found in particular abundance in various plant species. In plants, saponins may serve as anti-feedants, and to protect the plant against microbes and fungi[1].
1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose is a gallotannin isolated from various plants. It suppressed interleukin (IL)-4 induced signal pathway in B cell, and inhibited IgE production partially caused by increasing a population of Treg cells in conjunction with Treg-inducing factors.
Timosaponin BII is an antioxidant and an anti-inflammatory agent.
Heparin is a highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan,that is widely used as an injectable anticoagulant, and has the highest negative charge density of any known biological molecule.
Tetrahydrobiopterin is a cofactor of the aromatic amino acid hydroxylases enzymes and also acts as an essential cofactor for all nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms.
D-Galactose is a natural aldohexose and C-4 epimer of glucose.
Hosenkoside A is a baccharane glycoside isolated from the seeds of impatiens balsamina.
Casanthranol is a concentrated mixture of anthranol glycosides from cascara sagrada (dried bark of Rhamnus p.) and used as a laxative in constipation and various medical conditions, stimulant laxative Casanthranol encourages bowel movements by acting on the intestinal wall to increase muscle contractions[1].
Desaminotyrosine is a microbially associated metabolite protecting from influenza through augmentation of type I interferon signaling.
Chaetocin is a specific inhibitor of the histone methyltransferase (HMT) SU(VAR)3-9 with an IC50 of 0.6 μM for SU(VAR)3-9. It also inhibits thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) with an IC50 of 4 μM.
Fagomine is a mild glycosidase inhibitor. The Ki of the iminosugar Fagomine is 4.8 μM, 39 μM, and 70 μM for Amyloglucosidase (A.niger), β-Glucosidase (bovine), and Isomaltase (yeast), respectively.