Dehydroandrographolide is extracted from herbal medicine Andrographis paniculata (Burm f) Nees; alleviate oxidative stress in LPS-induced acute lung injury possibly by inactivating iNOS.
Ogalvibart (C-135-LS) is a humanized anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody (IgG1 type). Ogalvibart binds to the spike (S) glycoprotein receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2. Ogalvibart in combination with C144LS (1:1 ratio) shows good preventive activity and can effectively block the development of COVID19 in a rhesus monkey disease model[1].
Quercetin pentaacetate could interact with F-protein with lower binding energy and better stability to block viral adhesion. Quercetin pentaacetate interacts with RSV and inhibit the viral adhesion on cell surface[1][2].
Clorsulon is used in the treatment of Fasciola hepatica infections in calves and sheep.Target: AntiparasiticClorsulon is a competitive inhibitor of both 3-phosphoglycorate and ATP and had a Ki of 0.29 mM, inhibits glucose utilization and acetate and propionate formation by mature Fasciola hepatica in vitro. [1] Clorsulon (a single dose of 15 mg/kg) is effective in removing over 90% of immature Fasciola hepatica from sheep (6 weeks after infection) and calves (8 weeks after infection). A 2.5 mg/kg dose removed over 90% of mature (16 weeks old) liver fluke from sheep [1]. Clorsulon causes severe disruption to the tegument and gut of Fasciola hepatica after in vivo incubation [2].
Trimipramine is a 5-HT receptor antagonist, with pKi binding values of 6.39, 8.10, 4.66 for 5-HT1C, 5-HT2 and 5-HT1A, respectively. Trimipramine is also a potent and selective inhibitor targeting human noradrenaline (hNAT), serotonin (hSERT) and organic cation transporters (hOCT1, hOCT2) with IC50 values of 4.99 μM, 2.11 μM, 3.72 μM, 8.00 μM, respectively. Trimipramine has vascular activity and anxiolytic efficacy[1][2][3].
Erysotrine, isolated from seed pods of Erythrina latissima, shows antibacterial activities[1].
Tibezonium iodide, an oropharyngeal disinfectant, has antibacterial activity for the prevention of mouth infections[1].
MmpL3-IN-1 (compound 32) is a potent Mycobacterial membrane protein large 3 (MmpL3) inhibitor. MmpL3-IN-1 has anti-tuberculosis activity with the MIC<0.016 μg/mL in M. tuberculosis and can be used in studies of drug-resistant tuberculosis[1].
Cefotetan is a semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic that exerts its bactericidal effects by inhibition of cell-wall synthesis[1].
SDZ285428 is a CYP51 inhibitor. SDZ285428 inhibits Trypanosoma cruzi (TC) CYP51 with I/E2 <1 (5 min) and I/E2=9 (1 h). SDZ285428 inhibits Trypanosoma brucei (TB) CYP51 with I/E2 <1 (5 min) and I/E2=35 (1 h)[1].
Hycanthone is an effective antischistosomai drug.
Clesrovimab (MK1654) is a fully human, anti-RSV fusion (RSV F) glycoprotein monoclonal antibody. Clesrovimab has the potential for the research of respiratory syncytial virus infection[1][2].
Dapivirine(TMC 120, TMC 120 R147681) is a NNRTI for HIV reverse transcriptase with IC50 of 24 nM, inhibits a broad panel of HIV-1 isolates from different classes, inclucing a wide range of NNRTI-resistant isolates.IC50 value: 24 nM [1]Target: HIV reverse transcriptase; NNRTIsin vitro: TMC120-R147681 is a diarylpyrimidine with high activity against wild-type and mutant HIV. A 24-h treatment with 1,000 nM UC-781 or 100 nM TMC120-R147681 prevented cell-free HIV infection, whereas 10-fold-higher concentrations blocked cell-associated HIV, TMC120-R147681 apparently blocked infection in the primary cultures at a 10 nM concentration, but secondary cultures revealed that a 100 nM concentration was needed to completely prevent proviral integration [1]. Dapivirine is well tolerated by epithelial cells, T cells, macrophages, and cervical tissue explants with CC50 (50% cytotoxic concentration) of 10 μM to 20 μM. Dapivirine potently inhibits infection by both X4- and R5-utilizing HIV-1 strains with IC50 of 1.46 nM in cell-based assays. Dapivirine potently inhibits HIV-1BaL infection of human ectocervical explant tissue in a dose-dependent manner, as evaluated by the reduction in both p24 release and provirus content in cultured explants. Dapivirine inhibits the transmission of virus to permissive T cells in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 of 0.1 nM. Dapivirine results in significant inhibition of HIV infection when explants are challenged with virus immediately with IC90 of 100 nM. Dapivirine is also able to inhibit viral dissemination by migratory cells [2].in vivo: Dapivirine-containing gel at vaginal level inhibits cell-associated HIV infection in mice [3]. More placebo (7 of 12) than Dapivirine (3 of 24) gel users has positive vaginal swab results, with white blood cells being the most common finding. Dapivirine (0.05%) results in Cmax of 715 pg/mL, AUC of 15 ng×h/mL and T1/2 of 89.87 hours in plasma after 14 days post-dose. Mean Dapivirine (0.05%) concentrations in vaginal fluids collected at the introitus, mid vagina, and cervix are in the range of 62-265 μg/g on day 1 [4].
3-Deoxysappanchalcone is a naturally-occurring chalcone compound isolated from Caesalpinia sappan L. (Leguminosae), which possesses anti-allergic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. 3-Deoxysappanchalcone exerts anti-inflammatory activity via induce heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression by activating the AKT/mTOR pathway in murine macrophages. 3-Deoxysappanchalcone also exhibits anti-influenza virus activity (H3N2, IC50 = 1.06 μM)[1][2].
Neticonazole hydrochloride is an imidazole derivative and a potent and long-acting antifungal agent. Neticonazole hydrochloride is also an orally active exosome biogenesis and secretion inhibitor. Neticonazole hydrochloride has anti-infection and anti-cancer effects[1][2][3].
Colistin A is a major component of Colistin. Colistin is a polymyxin antibiotic and can be used to combat infections caused by problematic gram-negative bacteria[1].
Juglone is a yellow pigment found in black walnut (Juglans regia). Juglone also shows antimicrobial activity[1].
Pseudomonic acid D is a microbial inhibitor. Pseudomonic acid D potently inhibits mycoplasmas and bacterial pathogens. Pseudomonic acid D can be produced by fermentation with Pseudomonas fluorescens[1].
8-Hydroxyquinoline hemisulfate (8-Quinolinol hemisulfate) is a monoprotic bidentate chelating agent, exhibits antiseptic, disinfectant, and pesticide properties, functioning as a transcription inhibitor.
Saccharin sodium hydrate is an orally active, non-caloric artificial sweeteners (NAS). Saccharin sodium hydrate has bacteriostatic and microbiome-modulating properties[1].
Plutavimab a humanized IgG1-κ anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody, targeting to Spike (S) glycoprotein receptor binding domain (RBD)[1][2].
Cercosporamide is a highly potent, ATP-competitive Pkc1 kinase inhibitor, with an IC50 of <50 nM and a Ki of <7 nM. Cercosporamide is a unique Mnk inhibitor.
Zidebactam sodium salt (WCK-5107 sodium salt) is a potent β-lactamase inhibitor[1]. Zidebactam also is a penicillin-binding protein2 (PBP2) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.26 μg/mL[2].
KIN1148, a small-molecule IRF3 agonist, is a novel influenza vaccine adjuvant found to enhance flu vaccine efficacy.
SARS-CoV-2-IN-62 (Compound R3b) is an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 replication and has low cytotoxicity. SARS-CoV-2-IN-62 inhibits viral replication in Vero E6 cells and Calu-3 cells, with EC50 values of 2.97 μM and 3.82 μM, respectively[1].
Tilapia piscidin 3 is an antimicrobial peptide with antibacterial activity against gram-positive and -negative bacteria (MIC: 2.44, 2.44, 9.78, 19.55, 0.61 μg/mL for V. vulnificus 204, V. alginolyticus, S. agalactiae 819, E. faecalis BCRC 10066, S. agalactiae BCRC 10787). Tilapia piscidin 3 has hemolytic activity in fish red blood cells[1].
Faropenem daloxate is the first oral penem in a new class of beta-lactam antibiotics.IC50 Value: Target: AntibacterialFaropenem daloxate is useful for penem and antibiotics. Faropenem medoxomil has excellent in vitro activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and other key pathogens implicated in acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. Clinical studies have demonstrated that, in the treatment of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis in adults, 7 days of treatment with faropenem medoxomil is as clinically and bacteriologically effective as 10 days of treatment with cefuroxime axetil. One study showed faropenem medoxomil to be superior to cefuroxime axetil. Overall, the safety profile of faropenem medoxomil is similar to that of most comparators.
Sophoranol is an alkaloid that can be isolated from S. flavescens, with antiviral activity. Sophoranol has anti-HBV (hepatitis B virus) activity. Sophoranol shows potent antiviral activities against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) with an IC50 of 10.4 μg/mL[1][2].
RO8191 (RO4948191), an imidazonaphthyridine compound, is an orally active and potent interferon (IFN) receptor agonist. RO8191 activates IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) expression and JAK/STAT phosphorylation. RO8191 shows antiviral activity against both HCV and EMCV with an IC50 of 200 nM for HCV replicon[1].