Cell apoptosis, sometimes called programmed cell death, is a cellular self-destruction method to remove old and damaged cells during development and aging to protect cells from external disturbances and maintain homeostasis. Apoptosis also occurs as a defense mechanism such as in immune reactions or when cells are damaged by disease or noxious agents.

Apoptosis is controlled by many genes and involves two fundamental pathways: the extrinsic pathway, which transmits death signals by the death receptor (DR), and the intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway. The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is activated by the binding of the death ligand to DRs, including FasL, TNF-α, and TRAIL, on the plasma membrane. The DR, adaptor protein (FADD), and associated apoptosis signaling molecule (caspase-8) form the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), thus leading to the activation of the effector caspase cascade (caspase-3, -6, and -7). The mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway is regulated by Bcl-2 family proteins, including proapoptotic (Bid, Bax, Bak) and antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL).

Abnormalities in cell apoptosis can be a significant component of diseases such as cancer, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, AIDS, ischemia, and neurode-generative diseases. These diseases may benefit from artificially inhibiting or activating apoptosis. A short list of potential methods of anti-apoptotic therapy includes stimulation of the IAP (inhibitors of apoptosis proteins) family of proteins, caspase inhibition, PARP (poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase) inhibition, stimulation of the PKB/Akt (protein kinase B) pathway, and inhibition of Bcl-2 proteins.

Ferroptosis and necroptosis are recently recognized forms of regulated cell death that differs considerably from apoptosis. Misregulated ferroptosis or necroptosis have also been implicated in multiple physiological and pathological processes, including cancer cell death, neurotoxicity, neurodegenerative diseases, etc.

References:
[1] Susan Elmore. Toxicol Pathol. 2007; 35(4): 495–516.
[2] Cao L, et al. J Cell Death. 2016 Dec 29;9:19-29.
[3] Dasgupta A, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Jan; 18(1): 23.
[4] Xie Y, et al. Cell Death Differ. 2016 Mar;23(3):369-79.


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Methyl protodioscin

Methyl protodioscin(NSC-698790) is a furostanol bisglycoside with antitumor properties; shows to reduce proliferation, cause cell cycle arrest.IC50 value:Target: in vitro: MPD showed growth inhibitory effects in A549 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The significant G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptotic effect were also seen in A549 cells treated with MPD. MPD-induced apoptosis was accompanied by a significant reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of mitochondrial cytochrome c to cytosol, activation of caspase-3, downregulation of Bcl-2, p-Bad, and upregulation of Bax [1]. In THP-1 macrophages, MPD increases levels of ABCA1 mRNA and protein in dose- and time-dependent manners, and apoA-1-mediated cholesterol efflux. MPD also decreases the gene expressions of HMGCR, FAS and ACC for cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis [2].

  • CAS Number: 54522-52-0
  • MF: C52H86O22
  • MW: 1063.226
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

10074-G5

10074-G5 is an inhibitor of c-Myc-Max dimerization with an IC50 of 146 μM.

  • CAS Number: 413611-93-5
  • MF: C18H12N4O3
  • MW: 332.313
  • Catalog: c-Myc
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 538.6±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 279.5±32.9 °C

PROTAC MDM2 Degrader-4

PROTAC MDM2 Degrader-4 is a MDM2 degrader based on PROTAC technology. PROTAC MDM2 Degrader-4 composes of a potent MDM2 inhibitor, linker, and the MDM2 ligand for E3 ubiquitin ligase[1].

  • CAS Number: 2249750-24-9
  • MF: C70H74Cl4N8O14
  • MW: 1393.19
  • Catalog: MDM-2/p53
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Belotecan

Belotecan (CKD-602 free base) is a DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor. Belotecan induces cell apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest. Belotecan is a camptothecin analogue with anti-tumor effects, it can be used for the research of cancer[1].

  • CAS Number: 256411-32-2
  • MF: C25H27N3O4
  • MW: 433.500
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 772.4±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 420.9±32.9 °C

Oleic acid-d9

Oleic acid-d9 is deuterium labeled Oleic acid. Oleic acid is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 2687960-84-3
  • MF: C18H25D9O2
  • MW: 291.52
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Bad BH3 (mouse)

Bad BH3 (mouse) is a biological active peptide. (This is a bcl-2 binding peptide. This peptide is derived from the BH3 domain (a death domain) of Bad, amino acid residues 140 to 165.)

  • CAS Number: 505070-07-5
  • MF: C133H204N40O38S
  • MW: 3003.35
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

4-Methyldaphnetin

4-Methyldaphnetin is a precursor in the synthesis of derivatives of 4-methyl coumarin. 4-Methyldaphnetin has potent, selective anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects on several cancer cell lines. 4-Methyldaphnetin possesses radical scavenging property and strongly inhibits membrane lipid peroxidation[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 2107-77-9
  • MF: C10H8O4
  • MW: 192.168
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 421.5±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 242-246 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 176.0±22.2 °C

MAO-B-IN-26

MAO-B-IN-26 (Compound IC9) is a MAO-B and acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. MAO-B-IN-26 protects SH?SY5Y cells against Aβ induced cytotoxicity, morphological changes, ROS generation and membrane damage. MAO-B-IN-26 also inhibits Aβ induced autophagy and apoptosis. MAO-B-IN-26 can be used as a neuroprotective agent against Alzheimer’s disease[1].

  • CAS Number: 38470-71-2
  • MF: C17H12BrNO
  • MW: 326.19
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

azoxystrobin

Azoxystrobin is a broad-spectrum β-methoxyacrylate fungicide. Azoxystrobin inhibits mitochondrial respiration by binding to the Qo site of the cytochrome bc1 complex and inhibiting electron transfer. Azoxystrobin induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces cell apoptosis.

  • CAS Number: 131860-33-8
  • MF: C22H17N3O5
  • MW: 403.388
  • Catalog: Fungal
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 581.3±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 118 - 119ºC
  • Flash Point: 305.3±30.1 °C

PI3Kδ-IN-16

PI3Kδ-IN-16 is a potent and selective inhibitor of PI3Kδ. PI3Kδ-IN-16 has a strong anti-proliferative effect on cells, causing cell cycle arrest and inducing apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 2766437-35-6
  • MF: C22H26N6O2
  • MW: 406.48
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

DC-CPin711

DC-CPin711 is a potent and selective inhibitor of CREB-binding protein (CBP) bromodomain with an IC50 of 0.0626 μM. DC-CPin711 arrests cell cycle at G1 phase and induces apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 2447559-21-7
  • MF: C23H22N4O2
  • MW: 386.45
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Xevinapant hydrochloride

Xevinapant (AT-406) hydrochloride is a potent and orally bioavailable Smac mimetic and an antagonist of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs). Xevinapant hydrochloride binds to XIAP, cIAP1, and cIAP2 proteins with Kis of 66.4, 1.9, and 5.1 nM, respectively. Xevinapant hydrochloride effectively antagonizes XIAP BIR3 protein in a cell-free functional assay, induces rapid degradation of cellular cIAP1 protein, and inhibits cancer cell growth in various human cancer cell lines. Xevinapant hydrochloride is highly effective in induction of apoptosis in xenograft tumors[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1071992-57-8
  • MF: C32H44ClN5O4
  • MW: 598.18
  • Catalog: IAP
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

G5

Ubiquitin Isopeptidase Inhibitor I, G5 (NSC 144303) is an apoptosome-independent caspase and apoptosis activator with IC50 values of 1.76 and 1.6 μM in E1A and E1A/C9DN cells, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 108477-18-5
  • MF: C19H14N2O7S
  • MW: 414.38900
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

c-Myc inhibitor 8

c-Myc inhibitor 8 (compound 56) is a c-Myc inhibitor. c-Myc inhibitor 8 effectively inhibits cell viability of a variety of cancer cells. c-Myc inhibitor 8 inhibits human prostate and lung cancer growth in mouse models. c-Myc inhibitor 8 can be used for cancer research[1].

  • CAS Number: 2173505-97-8
  • MF: C19H12BrClF3NO3S2
  • MW: 538.79
  • Catalog: c-Myc
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

4-Vinylphenol

4-Vinylphenol is found in the medicinal herb Hedyotis diffusa Willd, wild rice and is also the metabolite of p-coumaric and ferulic acid by lactic acid bacteria in wine. 4-Vinylphenol induces apoptosis and inhibits blood vessels formation and suppresses invasive breast tumor growth in vivo[1].

  • CAS Number: 2628-17-3
  • MF: C8H8O
  • MW: 120.148
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 206.2±9.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 73 °C
  • Flash Point: 92.3±8.4 °C

GSK547

GSK547, a highly selective and potent RIP1 inhibitor, inhibits macrophage-mediated adaptive immune tolerance in pancreatic cancer[1].

  • CAS Number: 2226735-55-1
  • MF: C20H18F2N6O
  • MW: 396.39
  • Catalog: RIP kinase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

bpV(phen) trihydrate

bpV(phen) trihydrate, a insulin-mimetic agent, is a potent protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) and PTEN inhibitor with IC50s of 38 nM, 343 nM and 920 nM for PTEN, PTP-β and PTP-1B, respectively. bpV(phen) trihydrate inhibits proliferation of the protozoan parasite Leishmania in vitro. bpV(phen) trihydrate strongly induces the secretion of a large number of chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and it activates a Th1-type pathway (IL-12, IFNγ). bpV(phen) trihydrate can also induce cell apoptosis, and has anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activity[1][2][3][4][5].

  • CAS Number: 171202-16-7
  • MF: C12H14KN2O8V++
  • MW: 404.28800
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

iFSP1

iFSP1 is a potent, selective and glutathione-independent inhibitor of ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1) (AIFM2) with an EC50 of 103 nM. iFSP1 selectively induces ferroptosis in GPX4-knockout cells which overexpressed FSP1. iFSP1 is able to sensitize a variety of human cancer cell lines to the ferroptosis inducer, such as (1S,3R)-RSL3 (HY-100218A)[1].

  • CAS Number: 150651-39-1
  • MF: C20H13N5
  • MW: 323.35100
  • Catalog: Ferroptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

MMP-9-IN-3

MMP-9-IN-3 is a MMP-9 inhibitor (IC50: 5.56 nM) that forms hydrogen bond with MMP-9. MMP-9-IN-3 also inhibits AKT activity (IC50: 2.11 nM). MMP-9-IN-3 shows cell cytotoxicity and induces cell apoptosis. MMP-9-IN-3 can be used in the research of cancers[1].

  • CAS Number: 2581824-48-6
  • MF: C29H25N3O4
  • MW: 479.53
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

W146 TFA

W146 TFA is a selective antagonist of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) with an EC50 value of 398 nM.

  • CAS Number: 909725-62-8
  • MF: C18H28F3N2O6P
  • MW: 456.4
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

QM31

QM31 (SVT016426, Apaf-1 inhibitor QM31) is a cytoprotective agent that inhibits the formation of the apoptosome (IC50=7.9 uM in vitro), the caspase activation complex composed by Apaf-1, cytochrome c, dATP and caspase-9; suppresses the Apaf-1-dependent intra-S-phase DNA damage checkpoint; QM31 can interfere with the two known functions of Apaf-1, namely apoptosome assembly/activation and intra-S-phase cell cycle arrest.

  • CAS Number: 937735-00-7
  • MF: C39H38Cl4N4O4
  • MW: 768.557
  • Catalog: Caspase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

BTSA1

BTSA1 is a potent, high affinity and orally active BAX activator with an IC50 of 250 nM and an EC50 of 144 nM. BTSA1 binds with high affinity and specificity to the N-terminal activation site and induces conformational changes to BAX leading to BAX-mediated apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 314761-14-3
  • MF: C21H14N6OS2
  • MW: 430.505
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 625.2±48.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 331.9±29.6 °C

Drozitumab

Drozitumab (PRO 95780) is a human agonistic monoclonal antibody which binds the death receptor DR5. Drozitumab has potent antitumor activity against rhabdomyosarcoma[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 912628-39-8
  • MF:
  • MW: 143.1 (kDa)
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ac-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-chloromethylketone trifluoroacetate salt

Ac-DEVD-CMK (Caspase-3 Inhibitor III) is a selective and irreversible caspase-3 inhibitor. Ac-DEVD-CMK significantly inhibits apoptosis induced by high levels of glucose or 3,20-dibenzoate (IDB; HY-137295). Ac-DEVD-CMK can be used in a variety of experimental approaches to inhibit apoptosis[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 285570-60-7
  • MF: C21H31ClN4O11
  • MW: 550.944
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 1048.1±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 587.7±34.3 °C

STAT3-IN-18

STAT3-IN-18 (compound SPP) is a platinum (IV) complex with an axial ligand derived from sandalwood. STAT3-IN-18 inhibits the JAK2-STAT3 pathway in breast cancer (BC) cells, with anti-proliferative activity. STAT3-IN-18 activates caspase-3 and increases cleaved polyADP-ribose polymerase to induce apoptosis. STAT3-IN-18 promotes maturation and antigen presentation of dendritic cells and demonstrates safety in vivo.

  • CAS Number: 2668267-41-0
  • MF: C18H24Cl2N2O6Pt
  • MW: 630.38
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CSRM617

CSRM617 is a selective small-molecule inhibitor of the transcription factor ONECUT2 (OC2, a master regulator of androgen receptor) with a Kd of 7.43 uM in SPR assays, binding to OC2-HOX domain directly. CSRM617 induces apoptosis by appearance of cleaved Caspase-3 and PARP. CSRM617 is well tolerated in the prostate cancer mouse model[1]

  • CAS Number: 787504-88-5
  • MF: C10H13N3O5
  • MW: 255.23
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

a-Isothiocyanatotoluene

Benzyl isothiocyanate is a member of natural isothiocyanates with antimicrobial activity[1][2]. Benzyl isothiocyanate potent inhibits cell mobility, migration and invasion nature and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity of murine melanoma cells[2].

  • CAS Number: 622-78-6
  • MF: C8H7NS
  • MW: 149.213
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: 1.0±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 243.8±9.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 41 °C
  • Flash Point: 100.4±26.5 °C

Helichrysetin

Helichrysetin, isolated from the flowers of Helichrysum odoratissimum, is an ID2 (inhibitor of DNA binding 2) inhibitor, and suppresses DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ) formation. Helichrysetin possess strong inhibitory effects on cell growth and is capable of inducing apoptosis in A549 cells[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 62014-87-3
  • MF: C16H14O5
  • MW: 286.279
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 532.0±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 201.0±23.6 °C

NSC 146109 (hydrochloride)

NSC 146109 hydrochloride is a small-molecule p53 activator that target MDMX and could be of value in treating breast cancer.NSC 146109 hydrochloride is a pseudourea derivative, promotes breast cancer cells to undergo apoptosis through activating p53 and inducing expression of proapoptotic genes[1].

  • CAS Number: 59474-01-0
  • MF: C17H17ClN2S
  • MW: 316.84800
  • Catalog: MDM-2/p53
  • Density: 1.23g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 493.6ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 252.3ºC

sAJM-589

sAJM-589 is a Myc inhibitor which potently disrupts the Myc-Max heterodimer with an IC50 of 1.8 μM[1].

  • CAS Number: 2089-82-9
  • MF: C16H10N2O
  • MW: 246.26300
  • Catalog: c-Myc
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A