Ginsenoside Rh2 is isolated from the root of Ginseng. Ginsenoside Rh2 induces the activation of caspase-8 and caspase-9. Ginsenoside Rh2 induces cancer cell apoptosis in a multi-path manner.
(2E)-OBAA is a potent phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 70 nM. (2E)-OBAA induces apoptosis of HUVEC cells. (2E)-OBAA blocks Melittin-induced Ca2+ influx in Trypanosoma brucei, with an IC50 of 0.4 μM[1][2][3][4].
Antitumor agent-64 (Compound 8d) is a diosgenin derivative. Antitumor agent-64 exhibits potent cytotoxic activity against A549 cell line. Antitumor agent-64 induces A549 cells apoptosis via the mitochondria-related pathway[1].
Beta-zearalenol is an mycotoxin produced by Fusarium spp, which causes apoptosis and oxidative stress in mammalian reproductive cells[1]. Beta-zearalenol is the derivative of zearalenone (ZEA) which can conjugate with glucuronic acid[2].
Macitentan D4 (ACT-064992 D4) is a deuterium labeled Sulfamethoxazole. Macitentan is an orally active, non-peptide dual ETA and ETB (endothelin) receptor antagonist. Macitentan is used for the potential treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)[1].
Verbenalin is Verbena glycoside, with anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal anti-virus activities. Verbenalin has a good effect on prostatitis. Verbenalin can reduce cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury[1][2].
S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (S-Adenosyl methionine) 1,4-butanedisulfonate is an orally active methyl group donor. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine 1,4-butanedisulfonate is a dietary supplement with potent antidepressant effects. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine 1,4-butanedisulfonate also has anti‑proliferative, pro‑apoptotic and anti‑metastatic roles in cancers. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine 1,4-butanedisulfonate has the potential for, cancer, liver disease and osteoarthritis research[1][2][3].
Gliotoxin is a secondary metabolite, the most abundant mycotoxin secreted by A. fumigatus, inhibits the phagocytosis of macrophages and the immune functions of other immune cells [1]. Gliotoxin inhibits inducible NF-κB activity by preventing IκB degradation, which consequently induces host-cell apoptosis[2]. Gliotoxin activates PKA and increases intracellular cAMP concentration; modulates actin cytoskeleton rearrangement to facilitate A. fumigatus internalization into lung epithelial cells[3].
Antagonist G is a potent vasopressin antagonist. Antagonist G is also a weak antagonist of GRP and Bradykinin. Antagonist G induces AP-1 transcription and sensitizes cells to chemotherapy[1][2].
Topoisomerase II inhibitor 15 (compound 2g) is a Topoisomerase II inhibitor. Topoisomerase II inhibitor 15 potently is an apoptotic inducer with greater selectivity against head and neck tumors[1].
SEL24-B489 (SEL24) is a potent, dual PIM and FLT3-ITD inhibitor with Kd of 2/2/3 nM for PIM1/2/3, Kd of 160/16 nM for FLT3-WT/FLT3-ITD, respectively; exhibits significantly broader on-target activity in AML cell lines (MV-4-11 GI50=20 nM) and primary AML blasts than selective FLT3-ITD or PIM inhibitors, decreases viability of AML cells with FLT3-TKD mutations associated with resistance to selective FLT3-ITD inhibitors; inhibits the growth of a broad panel of AML cell lines in xenograft models. Blood Cancer Phase 2 Clinical
Isoalantolactone is an apoptosis inducer, which also acts as an alkylating agent.
2-hydroxychalcone, a natural flavonoid, is a potent antioxidant, inhibiting lipid peroxidation. 2-Hydroxychalcone induces apoptosis by Bcl-2 downregulation. 2-Hydroxychalcone inhibits the activation of NF-kB[1][2][3].
Mefuparib hydrochloride is a potent, highly selective, competitive PARP1/2 inhibitor with IC50 of 3.2/1.9 nM, respectively; displays >406-fold over other major nuclear PARPs including PARP3, TNKS1, TNKS2 and PARP6; reduces poly(ADP-ribose) formation, enhances γH2AX levels, induces G2/M arrest and subsequent apoptosis in homologous recombination repair (HR)-deficient cells; shows potent in vitro and in vivo proliferation and growth inhibition against HR-deficient cancer cells and synergistic sensitization of HR-proficient xenografts to the anticancer drug temozolomide.
Tamoxifen-d3 is the deuterium labeled Tamoxifen[1]. Tamoxifen (ICI 47699) is an orally active, selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) which blocks estrogen action in breast cells and can activate estrogen activity in other cells, such as bone, liver, and uterine cells[2][3][4]. Tamoxifen is a potent Hsp90 activator and enhances the Hsp90 molecular chaperone ATPase activity. Tamoxifen also potent inhibits infectious EBOV Zaire and Marburg (MARV) with IC50 of 0.1 μM and 1.8 μM, respectively[6]. Tamoxifen activates autophagy and induces apoptosis[5]. Tamoxifen also can induce gene knockout of CreER(T2) transgenic mouse[7].
PI3K-IN-33 (Compound 6e) is a highly selective PI3K inhibitor with IC50 values of 11.73, 6.09 and 11.18 μM for PI3K-α、PI3K-β and PI3K-δ , respectively. PI3K-IN-33 arrests cell cycle at G2/M phase and induces apoptosis. PI3K-IN-33 can be used in leukemia research[1].
Tubulin polymerization-IN-24 (compound HMBA) is a potent tubulin polymerization inhibitor. Tubulin polymerization-IN-24 inhibits MCF-7 cells proliferation. Tubulin polymerization-IN-24 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Tubulin polymerization-IN-24 increase the GTP hydrolysis rate and inhibits microtubule assembly[1].
HDAC4-IN-1 (compound 1a) is a class IIa HDACI inhibitor (IC50=0.077 μM). HDAC4-IN-1 can enhance Caspase-induced Apoptosis. HDAC4-IN-1 has anticancer activity. HDAC4-IN-1 can be used in the research of drug combination against cancer[1].
Actein is a triterpene glycoside isolated from the rhizomes of Cimicifuga foetida. Actein suppresses cell proliferation, induces autophagy and apoptosis through promoting ROS/JNK activation, and blunting AKT pathway in human bladder cancer. Actein has little toxicity in vivo[1][2].
AKOS-22 is a potent mitochondrial protein VDAC1 (voltage-dependent anion channel 1) inhibitor (Kd=15.4 μM). AKOS-22 interacts with VDAC1 and inhibiting both VDAC1 oligomerization and apoptosis. AKOS-22 protects against mitochondrial dysfunction[1].
Oleic acid-13C (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid-13C) is the 13C labeled Oleic acid. Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid[1]. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator[2].
L-Ascorbic acid is an effective reducing agent and donor antioxidant.
NF-κB-IN-5 (compound 4d) is an orally active and potent NF-κB inhibitor by interacting directly with NF-κB. NF-κB-IN-5 shows antitumor activity against human cancer cell lines (HCT116, U87-MG, HepG2, BGC823, PC9), with IC50 values of 5.35, 2.81, 2.83, 2.02 and 3.90 μM, respectively. NF-κB-IN-5 induces apoptosis in U87-MG tumor cell and cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase[1].
Apoptosis inducer 4 (Compound 12b) is an apoptosis inducer with anticancer activities[1].
TVB-3166 is an orally-available, reversible, and selective fatty acid synthase (FASN) inhibitor with IC50s of 42 nM and 81 nM for biochemical FASN and cellular palmitate synthesis, respectively. TVB-3166 induces apoptosis, and inhibits in-vivo xenograft tumor growth[1].
CT1-3 is a potent anticancer agent. CT1-3 induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis by regulating JNK/Bcl-2/Bax/XIAP pathway. CT1-3 suppresses the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) potential of human cancer cells (HCCs) via regulating the E-cadherin/Snail axis, thus inhibits tumorigenesis. CT1-3 has a strong antitumor effect in mice model and exhibits no significant hepatic and renal toxicity[1].
(S)-(−)-Perillyl alcohol is a monoterpene found in lavender, inhibits farnesylation of Ras, upregulates the mannose-6-phosphate receptor and induces apoptosis. Anti-cancer activity[1].
Batabulin sodium (T138067 sodium) is an antitumor agent, which binds covalently and selectively to a subset of the β-tubulin isotypes, thereby disrupting microtubule polymerization. Batabulin sodium affects cell morphology and leads to cell-cycle arrest ultimately induce apoptotic cell death. Batabulin sodium has efficacy against multidrug-resistant (MDR) tumors[1].
Methylstat is a potent histone demethylases inhibitor. Methylstat shows anti-proliferative activity with low cytotoxicity. Methylstat induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. Methylstat increases the expression of p53 and p21 protein levels. Methylstat inhibits angiogenesis induced by various cytokines. Methylstat can be used as a chemical probe for addressing its role in angiogenesis[1][2].