Epigeneics include any process that alters gene activity without changing the DNA sequence, and leads to modifications that can be transmitted to daughter cells. Many types of epigenetic processes have been identified—they include DNA methylation, alteration in the structure of histone proteins and gene regulation by small noncoding microRNAs.

Many different DNA and histone modifications have been identified to determine the epigenetic landscape. DNA methylation is mainly mediated by DNA-methyl transferase (DNMT), there are two known types of DNMT, namely DNMT1, which preserves preexisting pattern of methylation after cell replication, and DNMT3A/B, so-called “de novo” DNMT, which methylate previously unmethylated DNA. Histone modifications mainly include acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. The acetylation of histones can be mediated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetyltransferases (HDACs), while Histhone demethylation is performed by two classes of histone demethylases: lysine-specific demethylase (LSD) family proteins (LSD1 and LSD2) and JmjC domaincontaining histone demethylase (JHDM). Furthermore, enzymes involved in epigenetic modifications can also be governed by miRNAs. For example, miR-34a can directly inhibit the activities of SIRT1 to regulate cholesterol homeostasis.

The accumulated evidence indicates that many genes, diseases, and environmental substances are part of the epigenetics picture. At the FDA, scientists are investigating many drugs that function through epigenetic mechanisms. Drugs that inhibit DNA methylation or histone deacetylation have been studied for the reactivation of tumor suppressor genes and repression of cancer cell growth. Epigenetic inhibitors can also work alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents.

References:
[1] Bob Weinhold. Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Mar; 114(3): A160–A167.
[2] Xu W, et al. Genet Epigenet. 2016 Sep 25;8:43-51.
[3] Biswas S, et al. Pharmacol Ther. 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.02.011.
[4] Perri F, et al. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2017 Mar;111:166-172.


Anti-infection >
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Antibody-drug Conjugate >
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Apoptosis >
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15-PGDH 5 alpha Reductase 5-Lipoxygenase Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Acyltransferase Adenosine Deaminase Adenosine Kinase Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Aldose Reductase Aminopeptidase Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) ATGL ATP Citrate Lyase Carbonic Anhydrase Carboxypeptidase Cathepsin CETP COMT Cytochrome P450 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Dopamine β-hydroxylase E1/E2/E3 Enzyme Elastase Enolase FAAH FABP Factor Xa Farnesyl Transferase Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) FXR Glucokinase GSNOR Gutathione S-transferase HCV Protease Hexokinase HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase HIV Integrase HIV Protease HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) HSP Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Lactate Dehydrogenase LXR MAGL Mineralocorticoid Receptor Mitochondrial Metabolism MMP Nampt NEDD8-activating Enzyme Neprilysin PAI-1 PDHK PGC-1α Phosphatase Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Phospholipase Procollagen C Proteinase Proteasome Pyruvate Kinase RAR/RXR Renin ROR Ser/Thr Protease SGK Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Thrombin Tryptophan Hydroxylase Tyrosinase Xanthine Oxidase
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Seclidemstat mesylate

Seclidemstat (SP-2577) mesylate is a potent noncompetitive and reversible KDM1A (LSD1) inhibitor (Ki=31 nM, IC50=13 nM). Seclidemstat mesylate promotes antitumor immunity in switch/sucrose nonfermentable (SWI/SNF) complex mutated ovarian cancer, as well as inhibit virus production, viral DNA replication, and late gene expression. Seclidemstat mesylate can be used for the research of Ewing Sarcoma[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 2044953-70-8
  • MF: C21H27ClN4O7S2
  • MW: 547.04
  • Catalog: Histone Demethylase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

MK-4827 tosylate

Niraparib tosylate (MK-4827 tosylate) is an excellent PARP1 and PARP2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.8 and 2.1 nM, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 1038915-73-9
  • MF: C26H28N4O4S
  • MW: 492.59000
  • Catalog: PARP
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

PRMT5-IN-29

PRMT5-IN-29 is a potent and orally active PRMT5 Inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.5 μΜ. PRMT5-IN-29 has the potential for advanced cancers research[1].

  • CAS Number: 2242788-69-6
  • MF: C18H20Cl3N5O5
  • MW: 492.74
  • Catalog: Histone Methyltransferase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

ADTL-SA1215

ADTL-SA1215 is a first-in-class specific small-molecule activator of SIRT3 that modulates autophagy in triple negative breast cancer.

  • CAS Number: 782387-91-1
  • MF: C26H29I2NO3
  • MW: 657.32
  • Catalog: Sirtuin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

SP-2509

SP2509 is a potent and selective antagonist of lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) with IC50 of 13 nM.

  • CAS Number: 1423715-09-6
  • MF: C19H20ClN3O5S
  • MW: 437.897
  • Catalog: Histone Demethylase
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

STO-609 (acetate)

STO-609 acetate is a selective and cell-permeable inhibitor of the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase (CaM-KK), with Ki values of 80 and 15 ng/mL for recombinant CaM-KKα and CaM-KKβ, respectively. STO-609 acetate inhibits AMP-activated protein kinase kinase (AMPKK) activity in HeLa cell lysates with an IC50 ~0.02 g/ml.

  • CAS Number: 1173022-21-3
  • MF: C21H14N2O5
  • MW: 374.35
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Butyrolactone 3

Butyrolactone 3 is a specifical small-molecule inhibitor of the histone acetyltransferase Gcn5 (IC50=100 μM), which has a high affinity to the Gcn5 enzyme comparable to that of its natural substrate, histone H3. Butyrolactone 3 shows weak inhibitory on CBP (IC50=0.5 mM)[1]

  • CAS Number: 778649-18-6
  • MF: C9H12O4
  • MW: 184.189
  • Catalog: Histone Acetyltransferase
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 386.2±42.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 158.5±21.4 °C

Foenumoside B

Foenumoside B is a triterpene saponin isolated from Lysimachia foenum-graecum. Foenumoside B activates AMPK signaling, inhibits PPARγ-induced adipogenesis, and shifts lipid metabolism toward lipolysis. Foenumoside B can be used in the study of obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases[1].

  • CAS Number: 877661-00-2
  • MF: C60H96O25
  • MW: 1217.39
  • Catalog: PPAR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

MK-8722

MK8722 is a potent and systemic pan-AMPK activator.

  • CAS Number: 1394371-71-1
  • MF: C24H20ClN3O4
  • MW: 449.89
  • Catalog: AMPK
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Sotrastaurin

Sotrastaurin is a potent pan-PKC inhibitor, with Kis of 0.22 nM, 0.64nM, 0.95 nM, 1.8 nM, 2.1 nM and 3.2 nM for PKCθ, PKCβ, PKCα, PKCη, PKCδ and PKCε, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 425637-18-9
  • MF: C25H22N6O2
  • MW: 438.481
  • Catalog: PKC
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

sodium (Z)-5-fluoro-2-methyl-1-[[4-(methylsulphinyl)phenyl]methylene]-1H-indene-3-acetate

Sulindac (sodium) (MK-231) is an orally active nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Sulindac (sodium) is used to reduce pain, swelling, and joint stiffness from arthritis. Sulindac is also used for the research of arthritis of the spine, gouty arthritis. Sulindac (sodium), as an immunomodulatory agent, can downregulate PD-L1 through the blockade of NF-κB signaling and modulates the response of pMMR colorectal cancer (CRC) to anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy, inhibits the development and progression of colorectal cancer CRC. Sulindac (sodium) also inhibits TGF-β1- induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and suppresses lung cancer cell migration and invasion via downregulation of SIRT1[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 63804-15-9
  • MF: C20H16FNaO3S
  • MW: 378.39200
  • Catalog: Sirtuin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

PARP-2-IN-1

PARP-2-IN-1 is a potent and selective PARP-2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 11.5 nM.

  • CAS Number: 2115698-83-2
  • MF: C21H19F4N5O3
  • MW: 465.40
  • Catalog: PARP
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Zebularine

Zebularine (NSC309132; 4-Deoxyuridine) is a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor; also an inhibitor of cytidine deaminase with a Ki of 0.95 μM.

  • CAS Number: 3690-10-6
  • MF: C9H12N2O5
  • MW: 228.202
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.7±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 499.0±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 160-162?C
  • Flash Point: 255.6±31.5 °C

VTX-27

VTX-27 is a selective protein kinase C θ (PKC θ) inhibitor, with Kis of 0.08 nM and 16 nM for PKC θ and PKC δ.

  • CAS Number: 1321924-70-2
  • MF: C20H24ClFN6O
  • MW: 418.896
  • Catalog: PKC
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 625.8±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 332.3±31.5 °C

ZIP

ZIP is a selective peptide inhibitor of PKMζ. ZIP injections can block the impairment in morphine conditioned place preference induced[1].

  • CAS Number: 863987-12-6
  • MF: C12H25N3S4Zn
  • MW: 405.016
  • Catalog: PKC
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Lorpucitinib

Lorpucitinib is a Gut-Restricted JAK Inhibitor for the research of Inflammatory Bowel Disease[1].

  • CAS Number: 2230282-02-5
  • MF: C22H28N6O2
  • MW: 408.50
  • Catalog: JAK
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

2-[4-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]pyrimidine hydrochloride (1:1)

Piribedil dihydrochloride is a potent and orally active dopamine D2 and dopamine D3 agonist. Piribedil dihydrochloride is also a α2-adrenoceptors antagonist. Piribedil dihydrochloride can inhibit MLL1 methyltransferase activity (EC50: 0.18 μM). Piribedil dihydrochloride has the potential for the research of parkinson's disease, circulatory disorders, cancers[1][2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 1451048-94-4
  • MF: C16H19ClN4O2
  • MW: 334.801
  • Catalog: Histone Methyltransferase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

GSK3735967

GSK3735967 is a potent, selective, non-nucleoside inhibitor of DNMT1 with IC50 of 40 nM.

  • CAS Number: 2170136-86-2
  • MF: C25H31N7Os
  • MW: 477.631
  • Catalog: DNA Methyltransferase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

PBRM1-BD2-IN-8

PBRM1-BD2-IN-8 (compound 34) is a potent PBRM1 Bromodomain inhibitor (PBRM1-BD2 Kd=4.4 μM, PBRM1-BD2 IC50=0.16 μM; PBRM1-BD5 Kd=25 μM). PBRM1-BD2-IN-8 shows anti-cancer activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 2819989-75-6
  • MF: C15H13BrN2O
  • MW: 317.18
  • Catalog: Epigenetic Reader Domain
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CPUY074020

CPUY074020 is a potent G9a inhibitor with an IC50 of 2.18 μM, and possesses anti-proliferative activity [1].

  • CAS Number: 902279-44-1
  • MF: C25H28N4O2
  • MW: 416.52
  • Catalog: Histone Methyltransferase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CPI-0610 carboxylic acid

CPI-0610 carboxylic acid is a ligand for target protein for protact. CPI-0610 carboxylic acid is a potent bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) protein inhibitor in the therapy of multiple myeloma[1].

  • CAS Number: 1380089-81-5
  • MF: C20H15ClN2O3
  • MW: 366.80
  • Catalog: Epigenetic Reader Domain
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

AChE/HDAC-IN-1

COX-2-IN-23 (compound A10) is a potent both AChE and HDAC inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.12 and 0.23 nM. COX-2-IN-23 exhibits antioxidant activity and metal chelating properties. COX-2-IN-23 can be used in alzheimer's disease research[1].

  • CAS Number: 2414053-06-6
  • MF: C26H27ClN4O3
  • MW: 478.97
  • Catalog: HDAC
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Panicolin

Skullcapflavone I can be isolated from A. nallamalayana. Skullcapflavone I inhibits collagenase and elastase enzyme with IC50s of 106.74 μM and 186.70 μM. Skullcapflavone I has anticancer activities by down-regulating miR-23a[1].

  • CAS Number: 41060-16-6
  • MF: C17H14O6
  • MW: 314.29
  • Catalog: MicroRNA
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 573.6±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 254-256℃
  • Flash Point: 215.5±23.6 °C

Ubiquinone Q0

Coenzyme Q0 (CoQ0) is a potent, oral active ubiquinone compound can be derived from Antrodia cinnamomea. Coenzyme Q0 induces apoptosis and autophagy, suppresses of HER-2/AKT/mTOR signaling to potentiate the apoptosis and autophagy mechanisms. Coenzyme Q0 regulates NFκB/AP-1 activation and enhances Nrf2 stabilization in attenuation of inflammation and redox imbalance. Coenzyme Q0 has anti-angiogenic activity through downregulation of MMP-9/NF-κB and upregulation of HO-1 signaling[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 605-94-7
  • MF: C9H10O4
  • MW: 182.173
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 331.4±42.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 58-60 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 148.6±27.9 °C

EB-3D

EB-3D is a novel potent and selective choline kinase ChoKα inhibitor with IC50 of 1.0 uM (purified ChoKα1), strongly impairs cell proliferation in a variety of different cancer cell lines; demonstrates in vitro antiproliferative effects against HeLa (IC50=79 nM), RS4,11 (IC50=45 nM), A549 (IC50=27 nM) and MDA-MB-231 (IC50=100 nM); displays excellent antiproliferative activity against a wide cohort of T-leukemic cell lines with GI50 of 0.9 nM (MOLT-16 cell)-479 nM (CCRF-CEM), reduces the intracellular pool of PCho, but also inhibits the synthesis of choline-containing lipids; induces G0/G1 arrest that lead to apoptosis in leukemia cell lines; affects AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway, synergizes with both dexamethasone and L-asparaginase.

  • CAS Number: 1839150-63-8
  • MF: C30H36Br2N4O2
  • MW: 644.452
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

PARP/EZH2-IN-1

PARP/EZH2-IN-1 is a first-in-class dual PARP (IC50 6.87 nM) and EZH2 (IC50 36.51 nM) inhibitor for triple-negative breast cancer with wild-type BRCA.

  • CAS Number: 2687273-52-3
  • MF: C43H41FN8O5
  • MW: 768.83
  • Catalog: PARP
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CMPD101

CMPD101, is a novel membrane-permeable, small-molecule inhibitor of both GRK2 and GRK3 with IC50s of 18 nM and 5.4 nM. CMPD101 also inhibits ROCK-2 and PKCα (IC50s=1.4 μM and 8.1 μM, respectively)[1].

  • CAS Number: 865608-11-3
  • MF: C24H21F3N6O
  • MW: 466.458
  • Catalog: ROCK
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CHZ868

CHZ868 is a type II JAK2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.17 μM in EPOR JAK2 WT Ba/F3 cell.

  • CAS Number: 1895895-38-1
  • MF: C22H19F2N5O2
  • MW: 423.415
  • Catalog: JAK
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

EPZ011989 (trifluoroacetate)

EPZ011989 trifluoroacetate is a potent, selective orally bioavailable EZH2 inhibitor with Ki < 3 nM for EZH2 wt and EZH2 Y646; 15-fold selectivity over EZH1 and >3000-fold selectivity over other HMTase.IC50 value: < 3 nM ( Ki for wt EZH2, EZH2 Y646)Target: EZH2 inhibitorIn vitro: EPZ011989 is also a specific EZH2 inhibitor with a >15-fold selectivity over EZH1 and >3000-fold selectivity relative to the Ki of 20 other histone methyltransferases (HMTs) tested. EPZ011989 also exhibits metabolic stability. Furthermore, EPZ011989 reduces cellular H3K27 methylation in the Y641F, mutant-bearing human lymphoma cell line, WSU-DLCL2, with an IC50 below 100 nM. This functional response translates to activity in a long-term proliferation assay where EPZ011989 demonstrates an average lowest cytotoxic concentration (LCC) in WSU-DLCL2 cells of 208 nM. In vivo: The LCC parameter, when corrected for plasma protein-binding, predicts an efficacious plasma level in mouse for EPZ011989 of 158 ng/mL. The pharmacokinetics in SCID mice following oral administration of 125, 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg indicated that the 1000 mg/kg dose provided coverage over the LCC for 24 h, while the 250 and 500 mg/kg doses provided coverage over this value for approximately 8 h. EPZ011989 demonstrates significant tumor growth inhibition in a mouse xenograft model of human B cell lymphoma.

  • CAS Number: 1598383-41-5
  • MF: C37H52F3N5O6
  • MW: 719.834
  • Catalog: Epigenetic Reader Domain
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

dBET6

dBET6 is a highly potent, selective and cell-permeable degrader of BET based on PROTAC, with an IC50 of 14 nM, and has antitumor activity.

  • CAS Number: 1950634-92-0
  • MF: C42H45ClN8O7S
  • MW: 841.37
  • Catalog: Epigenetic Reader Domain
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A