Tizanidine-d4 (hydrochloride) is deuterium labeled Tizanidine (hydrochloride).
(R)-Carvedilol ((R)-BM 14190), the R-enantiomer of Carvedilol, is a non-selective β/α-1 blocker. (R)-Carvedilol exerts protection against the vascular or cardiac toxicity of Doxorubicin (DOX)[1].
Fenspiride Hcl is an α adrenergic and H1 histamine receptor antagonist.IC50 value:Target: Adrenergic receptor; H1 receptorFenspiride hydrochloride is a bronchodilator with anti-inflammatory properties. Fenspiride hydrochloride inhibits mucus secretion and reduces the release of tachykinins at a prejunctional level. Fenspiride hydrochloride also may be an antagonist at α adrenergic and H1 histamine receptors.
Piribedil hydrochloride is a potent and orally active dopamine D2 and dopamine D3 agonist. Piribedil hydrochloride is also a α2-adrenoceptors antagonist. Piribedil hydrochloride can inhibit MLL1 methyltransferase activity (EC50: 0.18 μM). Piribedil hydrochloride has the potential for the research of parkinson's disease, circulatory disorders, cancers[1][2][3][4].
2-Methoxyidazoxan monohydrochloride (RX821002 hydrochloride) is a highly selective alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist with little or no imidazoline antagonist effect. RX 821002 has markedly higher affinity for (guinea-pig) alpha 2D-adrenoceptors (pKd 9.7) than for (rabbit) alpha 2A-adrenoceptors (pKd 8.2)[1][2].
BI-167107 is a high affinity, full agonist that binds to the β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) with a dissociation constant Kd of 84 pM[1].
Povafonidine (PGE-6201204) is a potent alpha-2 adrenoreceptor agonist. Povafonidine can constrict blood vessels and reduce mucosal congestion. Povafonidine can be used for nasal congestion research[1].
(±)-N-Methylcoclaurine is a selective α2-adrenoceptor antagonist[1].
Epanolol-d5 (Visacor-d5) is the deuterium labeled Epanolol. Epanolol (Visacor) is a potent β-adrenoceptor partial agonist with a greater affinity for β1- than β2-adrenoceptors[1][2].
Betaxolol Hydrochloride is a selective beta1 adrenergic receptor blocker used in the treatment of hypertension and glaucoma.Target: Beta1 Adrenergic ReceptorBetaxolol is a cardioselective beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agent. Betaxolol (5 mg/kg via i.p. injection) was administered at 24 and then 44 h following the final chronic cocaine administration. Animals treated with betaxolol during cocaine withdrawal exhibited a significant attenuation of anxiety-like behavior characterized by increased time spent in the open arms and increased entries into the open arms compared to animals treated with only saline during cocaine withdrawal. Betaxolol did not produce anxiolytic-like effects in control animals treated chronically with saline [1]. Betaxolol produces less systemic beta 2- and possibly beta 1-adrenergic receptor blockade than either timolol or levobunolol. Betaxolol may be relatively safer to use in patients with reactive airway disease than either timolol or levobunolol [2].
Latrepirdine dihydrochloride is a neuroactive compound with antagonist activity at histaminergic, α-adrenergic, and serotonergic receptors. Latrepirdine stimulates amyloid precursor protein (APP) catabolism and amyloid-β (Aβ) secretion.
Nicergoline is an ergot derivative used to treat senile dementia and other disorders with vascular origins.Target: Alpha-1A adrenergic receptorNicergoline acts by inhibiting the postsynaptic alpha(1)-adrenoceptors on vascular smooth muscle. This inhibits the vasoconstrictor effect of circulating and locally released catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine), resulting in peripheral vasodilation. Nicergoline displaced [3H]-prazosin bound to rat forebrain membranes pretreated with chloroethylclonidine (pKi = 9.9 +/- 0.2) at concentrations 60-fold lower than in rat liver membranes (pKi = 8.1 +/- 0.2). Finally, of the nicergoline metabolites studied, lumilysergol acted as a modest alpha 1 antagonist (bromonicotinic acid was devoid of alpha 1 antagonist activity). In conclusion, nicergoline is a potent and selective alpha 1A-adrenoceptor subtype antagonist, an alpha 1-adrenoceptor subtype which is mainly represented in resistance arteries [1].
Medetomidine Hydrochloride is an agonist of adrenergic alpha-2 receptor, which is used in veterinary medicine for its analgesic and sedative properties.Target: Adrenergic alpha-2 ReceptorMedetomidine, acting at alpha(2A) adrenoceptors, must be present during the encoding process to decrease discrete cue fear memory; however, its ability to suppress contextual memory is likely the result of blocking the consolidation process [1]. Medetomidine had no analgesic effects in alpha(2A)-adrenoceptor KO mice [2]. Medetomidine was effective in blocking these sympathomimetic actions of cocaine even in all 7 subjects who were homozygous for the Del322-325 polymorphism in the alpha2C AR, a loss-of-function mutation that is highly enriched in blacks [3].
Vibegron (MK-4618) is a potent, highly selective β3-adrenoceptor agonist (EC50=1.1 nM). Vibegron can be used for severe urgency urinary incontinence related to overactive bladder[1][2][3].
Tetrahydrozoline (hydrochloride) is a α-adrenoceptor agonist. Target: α-adrenoceptorahydrozoline is an imidazoline derivative with alpha receptor agonist activity widely available in over-the-counter topical ocular and nasal formulations. More than 1,600 cases of oral exposures are reported to United States poison centers annually (1,2). Reports of significant toxicity from tetrahydrozoline ingestion are unusual but have occured primarily in small children after unintentional ingestion (3-63, 6) [1].
Centanafadine is dual norepinephrine (NE)/dopamine (DA) transporter inhibitor, also inhibits serotonin transporter, with IC50s of 6 nM, 38 nM and 83 nM for human NE, DA and serotonin transporter , respectively.
Norepinephrine bitartrate monohydrate is a β1-selective adrenergic receptor agonist with EC50 of 5.37 μM.
Nebivolol hydrochloride selectively inhibits β1- adrenergic receptor with IC50 of 0.8 nM.Target: β1- adrenergic receptorNebivolol reduces cell proliferation of human coronary smooth muscle cells (haCSMCs) and endothelial cells (haECs) in a concentration- and time-dependent maner. Nebivolol treatment for 7 days causes significant reduction in cell growth of haCSMCs with IC50 of 6.1 μM, and inhibits accelerated haCSMC proliferation stimulated by growth factors PDGF-BB, bFGF, and TGFβ with IC50 values of 6.8 μM, 6.4 μM and 7.7 μM, repectively. Nebivolol treatment (10-5 M) of haCSMCs for 48 hours induces a moderate apoptosis of 23% and a decrease from 16% to 5% in the number of cells in S-phase. During Nebivolol incubation, NO formation of HaCEs increases, while endothelin-1 transcription and secretion are suppressed.Administratiion of Nebivolol (initially by iv within 10 minutes of reperfusion and then orally) to rats with myocardial infarction (MI) reduces myocardial apoptosis, which is mediated by regulation of NO . Nebivolol, significantly, prevents left ventricular (LV) pressure changes, reduces total and regional apoptotic cardiomyocytes. Nebivolol treatment lowers mean blood pressure (MBP) in rats with MI slightly, but not significantly.
l-Pindolol ((-)-pindolol) is a reversible, competitive and orally active 5-HT1A/1B antagonist. l-Pindolol is a partial β-adrenoceptor agonist. l-Pindolol can be used for the research of neurological disease[1][2][3].
Guanfacine Hcl, an anti-hypertensive agent, is a selective α2A-adrenoceptor agonist with Kd of 31 nM and displays 60-fold selectivity over α2B-adrenoceptors. IC50 Value: 31 nM(Kd)Target: Adrenergic ReceptorGuanfacine is a sympatholytic. It is a selective α2A receptor agonist. These receptors are concentrated heavily in the prefrontal cortex and the locus coeruleus, with the potential to improve attention resulting from interaction with receptors in the former. Guanfacine lowers both systolic and diastolic blood pressure by activating the central nervous system α2A norepinephrine autoreceptors, which results in reduced peripheral sympathetic outflow and thus a reduction in peripheral sympathetic tone. From Wikipedia
CGP 20712 A (CGP 20712 mesylate) is a highly selective β1-adrenoceptor antagonist with an IC50 of 0.7 nM. CGP 20712 A exhibits ~10,000-fold selectivity over β2-adrenoceptors[1].
Fenoterol is a β 2 adrenergic agonist designed to open up the airways to the lungs, is classed as sympathomimetic β2 agonist and asthma medication.
Timolol is a β-blocker available for both topical and systemic administration. Topical Timolol is primarily used to reduce intraocular pressure with open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Timolol can also be used for the research of infantile hemangiomas, hypertension, myocardial infarction, migraine prophylaxis, and atrial fibrillation.Timolol also has cardioprotective effect[1][2].
Clorprenaline hydrochloride is a β2-adrenergic receptor agonist.
Nifenalol hydrochloride is a β-adrenergic receptor antagonist. Nifenalol hydrochloride induces the Early Afterdepolarization (EAD) effect. EAD is a phenomenon in cardiac electrophysiology that usually occurs during an action potential in ventricular muscle cells and can lead to arrhythmia. The EAD effect of Nifenalol hydrochloride can be blocked by Tetrodotoxin. Nifenalol hydrochloride is used in the study of conditions such as irregular heartbeat or high blood pressure[1].
Guanadrel is an orally active postganglionic adrenergic inhibitor of spiroketal. Guanadre can be used in anti-hypertensive studies[1].
Ritodrine (DU21220) is a β-adrenergic agonist, also an effective uterine relaxant, can be used for researching arrest premature labor[1][2].
α1 adrenoceptor-MO-1, an S enantiomer, has affinity at alpha 1 adrenergic receptor, shows alphalytic activity, and possesses analgesic action; more active than R enantiomer.
Terazosin Hydrochloride dihydrate is a selective alpha1-antagonist used for treatment of symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Target: Alpha-1 Adrenergic ReceptorTerazosin Hydrochloride dihydrate is an a1-selective blocker. Its inhibitory effect on prostate tumor growth may be the result of antiangiogenic activity. Terazosin Hydrochloride dihydrate is an inhibitor of α1A-AR, α1B-AR, α1D-AR and α2B-AR [1].
TD-5471 hydrochloride is a potent and selective full agonist of the human β2-adrenoceptor.