Metabolic pathways are enzyme-mediated biochemical reactions that lead to biosynthesis (anabolism) or breakdown (catabolism) of natural product small molecules within a cell or tissue. In each pathway, enzymes catalyze the conversion of substrates into structurally similar products. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation. Metabolism maintains the living state of the cells and the organism.

Proteases are used throughout an organism for various metabolic processes. Proteases control a great variety of physiological processes that are critical for life, including the immune response, cell cycle, cell death, wound healing, food digestion, and protein and organelle recycling. On the basis of the type of the key amino acid in the active site of the protease and the mechanism of peptide bond cleavage, proteases can be classified into six groups: cysteine, serine, threonine, glutamic acid, aspartate proteases, as well as matrix metalloproteases. Proteases can not only activate proteins such as cytokines, or inactivate them such as numerous repair proteins during apoptosis, but also expose cryptic sites, such as occurs with β-secretase during amyloid precursor protein processing, shed various transmembrane proteins such as occurs with metalloproteases and cysteine proteases, or convert receptor agonists into antagonists and vice versa such as chemokine conversions carried out by metalloproteases, dipeptidyl peptidase IV and some cathepsins. In addition to the catalytic domains, a great number of proteases contain numerous additional domains or modules that substantially increase the complexity of their functions.

Imbalances in metabolic activities have been found to be critical in a number of pathologies, such as cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases.

References:
[1] Turk B, et al. EMBO J. 2012 Apr 4;31(7):1630-43.
[2] Eatemadi A, et al. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017 Feb;86:221-231.


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IDO-IN-12

IDO-IN-12 is an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor extracted from patent WO 2017181849 A1.

  • CAS Number: 1888341-29-4
  • MF: C13H11BrFN5O3S
  • MW: 416.23
  • Catalog: Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO)
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Gka-22

GKA-22 is a human glucokinase allosteric activator in the absence of glucose.

  • CAS Number: 480463-02-3
  • MF: C22H22N2O5S
  • MW: 426.48
  • Catalog: Glucokinase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

ACC1/2-IN-1

ACC1/2-IN-1 (compound 4s) is a potent ACC1/2 inhibitor with IC50 values of 98.06 and 29.43 nM for ACC1 and ACC2, respectively. ACC1/2-IN-1 can be used for cancer research[1].

  • CAS Number: 2350219-22-4
  • MF: C34H32N4O4
  • MW: 560.64
  • Catalog: Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Doxepin D3 Hydrochloride

Doxepin D3 Hydrochloride is a deuterium labeled Doxepin Hydrochloride. Doxepin hydrochloride is an orally active tricyclic antidepressant used as a sedative. Doxepin hydrochloride is a potent and selective histamine receptor H1 antagonist. Doxepin hydrochloride is also a potent CYP450 inhibitor and significantly inhibits CYP450 2C19 and 1A2[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 347840-07-7
  • MF: C19H19D3ClNO
  • MW: 318.856
  • Catalog: Histamine Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 64.0-65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 162-164ºC
  • Flash Point: 9℃

Icariside D2

Icariside D2, isolated from Annona glabra fruit, inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme. Icariside D2 shows significant cytotoxic activity on the HL-60 cell line with the IC50 value of 9.0 ± 1.0 μM. Icariside D2 induces apoptosis [1][2].

  • CAS Number: 38954-02-8
  • MF: C14H20O7
  • MW: 300.30400
  • Catalog: HIV
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Lodenafil carbonate

Lodenafil carbonate, a dimer that acts as a prodrug delivering Lodenafil in vivo, is an orally active phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED)[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 398507-55-6
  • MF: C47H62N12O11S2
  • MW: 1035.20000
  • Catalog: Phosphodiesterase (PDE)
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 1109.0±75.0 °C(Predicted)
  • Melting Point: 229-231 °C
  • Flash Point: N/A

IDO1-IN-16

IDO1-IN-16 (I-1) is an IDO1 inhibitor targeting holo-IDO1, with an IC50 of 127 nM[1].

  • CAS Number: 2677054-63-4
  • MF: C25H35BrFN5O2
  • MW: 536.48
  • Catalog: Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO)
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

FA-Phe-Phe-OH

FA-Phe-Phe is a furylacryloyl (fa)-amino acid derivative, targeting to Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE). FA-Phe-Phe is also a specific substrate of Cathepsin A[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 83661-95-4
  • MF: C25H24N2O5
  • MW: 432.47
  • Catalog: Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE)
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

SR-18292

SR-18292 is a PPAR gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) inhibitor, which increases PGC-1α acetylation, suppresses gluconeogenic gene expression and reduces glucose production in hepatocytes.

  • CAS Number: 2095432-55-4
  • MF: C23H30N2O2
  • MW: 366.5
  • Catalog: PGC-1α
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

DPP-4 inhibitor 3

DPP-4 inhibitor 3 (Compound 5a) is a potent dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.75 nM. DPP-4 inhibitor 3 shows excellent antioxidant and insulinotropic activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 2402735-14-0
  • MF: C19H22N6O2
  • MW: 366.42
  • Catalog: Dipeptidyl Peptidase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Fosinopril-d5 sodium

Fosinopril-d5 sodium (SQ28555-d5 sodium) is the deuterium labeled Fosinopril sodium. Fosinopril Sodium is the ester prodrug of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used for the treatment of hypertension and some types of chronic heart failure[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1217513-43-3
  • MF: C30H41D5NNaO7P
  • MW: 590.68
  • Catalog: Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE)
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

MtTMPK-IN-4

MtTMPK-IN-4 (compound 2), a para-piperidine, is a potent mycobacterium tuberculosis thymidylate kinase (MtTMPK) inhibitor with an IC50 of 6.1 μM. MtTMPK-IN-4 is a potent tyrosinase inhibitor. MtTMPK-IN-4 is a potent antibacterial agent[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 2225889-49-4
  • MF: C23H25N3O3
  • MW: 391.46
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

8-Prenylluteone

8-Prenylluteone is a HIV-1 protease inhibitor, with an IC50 of 4 μM[1].

  • CAS Number: 125002-91-7
  • MF: C25H26O6
  • MW: 422.47
  • Catalog: HIV Protease
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 668.9±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 229.3±25.0 °C

2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,6,7-trihydroxychromen-4-one

6-Hydroxyluteolin (Compound 17) is a flavonoid compound. 6-Hydroxyluteolin has an inhibitory effect on aldose reductase (AR) [1].

  • CAS Number: 18003-33-3
  • MF: C15H10O7
  • MW: 302.23600
  • Catalog: Aldose Reductase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Fosinopril

Fosinopril (SQ28555) is the ester prodrug of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with the IC50 value of 0.18 μM[1]. Fosinopril demonstrates a non-competitive inhibition effect on ACE activity with a Ki value of 1.675 μM[2].

  • CAS Number: 98048-97-6
  • MF: C30H46NO7P
  • MW: 563.66300
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.173 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 705.7ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 149-153ºC
  • Flash Point: 380.6ºC

MGAT2-IN-2

MGAT2-IN-2 is a potent and selective acyl CoA:monoacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (MGAT2) inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.4 nM.

  • CAS Number: 1710630-11-7
  • MF: C26H21F5N4O4S
  • MW: 580.53
  • Catalog: Acyltransferase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

FM26

FM26 (compound 25) is a potent and allosteric retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) inverse agonists with an IC50 of 264 nM. FM26 has a distinct isoxazole chemotype and effectively reduces IL-17a mRNA production in EL4 cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 2407981-35-3
  • MF: C22H15ClF3N3O3
  • MW: 461.82
  • Catalog: ROR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Diaplasinin

Diaplasinin (PAI-749) is a plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) inhibitor with IC50 of 295 nm. Antithrombotic efficacy[1].

  • CAS Number: 481631-45-2
  • MF: C32H31N5O
  • MW: 501.62100
  • Catalog: PAI-1
  • Density: 1.21g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 759.2ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 413ºC

IMIRESTAT

Imirestat (AL 1576) is an aldose reductase inhibitor, used for the treatment of diabetes.

  • CAS Number: 89391-50-4
  • MF: C15H8F2N2O2
  • MW: 286.23300
  • Catalog: Aldose Reductase
  • Density: 1.58g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Dorzolamide-d5

Dorzolamide-d5 (L671152-d5) is the deuterium labeled Dorzolamide. Dorzolamide (L671152) is a potent carbonic anhydrase II inhibitor, with IC50 values of 0.18 nM and 600 nM for red blood cell CA-II and CA-I respectively. Dorzolamide possesses anti-tumor activity[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1227097-70-2
  • MF: C10H11D5N2O4S3
  • MW: 329.47100
  • Catalog: Carbonic Anhydrase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

GSK3739936

GSK3739936 (BMS-986180) is a potent, allosteric HIV-1 integrase (ALLINI), shows excellent potency in vitro against majority of the 124/125 variants (EC50=1.7 nM).

  • CAS Number: 1803444-21-4
  • MF: C34H43FN2O4
  • MW: 562.726
  • Catalog: HIV
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

NNGH

NNGH is a stromelysin-1 (MMP-3) inhibitor. MMP-3 is both a direct transcriptional target and a necessary contributor of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a well-defined role in later stages of tumor progression[1].

  • CAS Number: 161314-17-6
  • MF: C13H20N2O5S
  • MW: 316.373
  • Catalog: MMP
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Cilomilast

Cilomilast(SB 207499; Ariflo) is a potent PDE4 inhibitor with IC50 of about 110 nM, has anti-inflammatory activity and low central nervous system activity.IC50 value: 110 nMTarget: PDE 4Cilomilast (SB-207499) inhibits HPDE4 and LPDE4 catalytic activity with equal potency (Ki ≈100 nM). SB-207499 and rolipram are equipotent against LPDE4, but Cilomilast (Ariflo, SB-207499) is 100-fold less potent against HPDE4. This profile suggests that Cilomilast (Ariflo, SB-207499) retain the anti-inflammatory activity of rolipram yet have a decreased tendency to produce side effects.

  • CAS Number: 153259-65-5
  • MF: C20H25NO4
  • MW: 343.417
  • Catalog: Phosphodiesterase (PDE)
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 549.1±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 157ºC
  • Flash Point: 285.9±30.1 °C

Phosphatase-IN-1

Phosphatase-IN-1 (compound II-8), a propranolol (HY-B0573B) derivative, is a phosphatidate phosphatase (Pah) inhibitor. Phosphatase-IN-1 can binds to MoPah1, with an affinity constant of 19.8 μM. Phosphatase-IN-1 inhibits growth of plant pathogens and shows anti-fungal ability. Phosphatase-IN-1 is not toxic to rice seedlings and wheat heads[1].

  • CAS Number: 2889356-55-0
  • MF: C16H16Cl2FNO2
  • MW: 344.21
  • Catalog: Fungal
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Olivetol

Olivetol is a naturally phenol found in lichens and produced by certain insects, acting as a competitive inhibitor of the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2[3]. Olivetol also inhibits CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 activity, with IC50s of 15.3 μM, 7.21 μM and Kis of 2.71 μM, 2.87 μM, respectively[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 500-66-3
  • MF: C11H16O2
  • MW: 180.243
  • Catalog: Cannabinoid Receptor
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 313.3±12.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 46-48ºC
  • Flash Point: 148.8±14.2 °C

TOFA

TOFA (RMI14514;MDL14514) is an allosteric inhibitor of acetyl-CoA carboxylase-α (ACCA ).

  • CAS Number: 54857-86-2
  • MF: C19H32O4
  • MW: 324.455
  • Catalog: Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase
  • Density: 1.0±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 441.7±25.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 112-115ºC
  • Flash Point: 220.9±23.2 °C

5-R-Rivaroxaban

5-R-Rivaroxaban is (R)-enantiomer of Rivaroxaban. Rivaroxaban (BAY 59-7939) is a highly potent and selective, direct Factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor, achieving a strong gain in anti-FXa potency (IC50 0.7 nM; Ki 0.4 nM).

  • CAS Number: 865479-71-6
  • MF: C19H18ClN3O5S
  • MW: 435.881
  • Catalog: Factor Xa
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 732.6±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 396.9±32.9 °C

IDO1/TDO-IN-4

IDO1/TDO-IN-4 is a potent IDO1/TDO dual inhibitor, with IC50 values of 3.53 μM (IDO1) and 1.15 μM (TDO). IDO1/TDO-IN-4 forms hydrogen bond with IDO1, and π−π stacking interaction with TDO. IDO1/TDO-IN-4 can be used in the research of depression, and depression-induced infectious, metabolic, and autoimmune disorders[1].

  • CAS Number: 461424-21-5
  • MF: C14H10N4
  • MW: 234.26
  • Catalog: Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO)
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

BAY 678

BAY-678 is an orally bioavailable, highly potent, selective and cell-permeable inhibitor of human neutrophil elastase (HNE), with an IC50 of 20 nM. BAY-678 is also nominated as a chemical probe to the public via the Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC).

  • CAS Number: 675103-36-3
  • MF: C20H15F3N4O2
  • MW: 400.35
  • Catalog: Elastase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

1,1,1,2,2-Pentafluoro-7-phenyl-3-heptanone

FKGK11 is a potent and selective inhibitor of GVIA iPLA2 (Group VIA calcium-independent phospholipase A2). FKGK11 can be used for the research of ovarian cancer and neurological disorders such as peripheral nerve injury and multiple sclerosis[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1071000-98-0
  • MF: C13H13F5O
  • MW: 280.234
  • Catalog: Phospholipase
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 288.9±40.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 110.7±21.5 °C