Nodakenin is a major coumarin glucoside in the root of Peucedanum decursivum Maxim. Nodakenin inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity with an IC50 of 84.7 μM[1][2].
2,4,7-Trihydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene is a dihydrophenanthrene derivative that can be isolated from the air-dried whole plant of Pholidota chinensis Lindl.. 2,4,7-Trihydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene shows potent activities of IC50 at 16.2 μM in DPPH radical-scavenging assay[1].
Eltenac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is a COX inhibitor. Eltenac shows IC50 of 0.03 μM for both COX-1 and COX-2 in isolated human whole blood[1].
1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) is a neutral helper lipid for cationic liposome and combines with cationic phospholipids to improve transfection efficiency of naked siRNA[1].
PKA-IN-1 is a potent and selective cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) catalytic subunit (cAK) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.03 μM[1].
Catalpalactone has anti-inflammatory effect. Catalpalactone inhibits LPS-induced NO production and iNOS expression in RAW264.7 cells, and also inhibits IRF3, NF-κB, and IFN-β/STAT-1 activation. Catalpalactone also inhibits dopamine biosynthesis by reducing tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and aromatic-l-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) activities[1][2].
Salicin is a natural COX inhibitor.
Barzolvolimab (CDX 0159) is a humanized anti-KIT IgG1 monoclonal antibody. Barzolvolimab specificity and potently inhibits KIT activation by SCF. Barzolvolimab can reduce skin mast cells and disease activity in chronic inducible urticaria[1].
TTP 22 is a potent CK2 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 100 nM and a Ki of 40 nM.
Sinapine hydroxide is an alkaloid isolated from seeds of the cruciferous species. Sinapine hydroxide exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-angiogenic and radio-protective effects. Sinapine hydroxide is also an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor and can be used for the research of Alzheimer’s disease, ataxia, myasthenia gravis, and Parkinson’s disease[1][2][3][4].
VTX-27 is a selective protein kinase C θ (PKC θ) inhibitor, with Kis of 0.08 nM and 16 nM for PKC θ and PKC δ.
Lorpucitinib is a Gut-Restricted JAK Inhibitor for the research of Inflammatory Bowel Disease[1].
Astilbin, a flavonoid compound, is isolated from the rhizome of Smilax glabra. Astilbin enhances NRF2 activation. Astilbin also suppresses TNF-α expression and NF-κB activation.
Masilukast is an orally administered cysteinyl leukotriene D4 (LTD4) receptor antagonist with potential to treat asthma.
MK-571 sodium salt is a selective, orally active leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist, with Kis of 0.22 and 2.1 nM in guinea pig and human lung membranes.
COG 133 is a fragment of Apolipoprotein E (APOE) peptide. COG 133 competes with the ApoE holoprotein for binding the LDL receptor, with potent anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. COG 133 is also a nAChR antagonist with an IC50 of 445 nM[1][2].
N-Glycolylneuraminic acid is a nonhuman sialic acid molecule synthesized in pigs but not in humans. N-Glycolylneuraminic acid works as a decoy receptor of N-Glycolylneuraminic acid-binding influenza A viruses (IAVs)[1].
FeTMPyP is an orally active peroxynitrite (ONOO?) scavenger. FeTMPyP reduces nitrative stress and increases autophagy. FeTMPyP reduces PARP over-activation and neuroinflammation in chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced rats, and ameliorates functional, behavioral and biochemical deficits[1][2].
Anti-inflammatory agent 51 (compound 11d) is an amide/sulfonamide derivative with anti-inflammatory activities. Anti-inflammatory agent 51 inhibits NF-κB activation, has the potential for acute lung injury and ulcerative colitis research[1].
5'-Methoxynobiletin is a potent and orally active antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory agent. 5'-Methoxynobiletin is a polymethoxyflavone, that can be isolated from A. conyzoides[1][2].
p38-α MAPK-IN-4 (Compound 69) is a selective p38α MAPK inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.5 µM. p38-α MAPK-IN-4 rapidly and strongly prevents the development of mechanical allodynia (MA) in vivo[1].
GSK143 is an orally active and highly selective spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) inhibitor with a pIC50 of 7.5. GSK143 inhibits phosphorylated Erk (pErk: pIC50=7.1)[1]. GSK143 reduces inflammation and prevents recruitment of immune cells in the intestinal muscularis in mice[2][3].
I-191 is a protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) signaling pathway inhibitor extracted from patent WO2015048245A1. I-191 inhibits PAR-2 activators such as SLIGKV, Trypsin, and Thrombin with IC50s of 0.0014 μM, 0.0023 μM, 0.32 μM, respectively[1].
Cobitolimod sodium is a DNA oligonucleotide agonist of TLR-9 with anti-inflammatory activity. Cobitolimod sodium inhibits Th17 cells and induces anti-inflammatory FoxP3 and IL-10 expression, inhibiting the IL-17 signaling pathway[1].
UbcH5c-IN-1 (compound 6d) is a potent and selective small-molecule inhibitor of Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UbcH5c, with a Kd of 283 nM for E2 UbcH5c-IN-1 by covalent binding with Cys85. A promising lead compound for the development of new antirheumatoid arthritis (RA) agent[1].
Pristane (Norphytane) is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon oil found in small quantities in many plants, in various marine organisms, and as the most active component of mineral oil[1]. Pristane is a non-antigenic adjuvant, and induces MHC class II-restricted, arthritogenic T cells in the rat[2].
BIO5192 is a selective and potent integrin α4β1 (VLA-4) inhibitor (Kd<10 pM). BIO5192 selectively binds to α4β1 (IC50=1.8 μM) over a range of other integrins. BIO5192 results in a 30-fold increase in mobilization of murine hematopoietic stem and progenitors (HSPCs) over basal levels[1][2].
α-Gliadin (43-49) is the major protein component of gluten. α-Gliadin (43-49) can be used in the immunological response to α-gliadin[1].
Emodin-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, isolated from medicinal plant Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. & Zucc, is a potent and noncompetitive bacterial neuraminidase (BNA) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.85 μM[1].
Sauchinone is a diastereomeric lignan isolated from Saururus chinensis (Saururaceae). Sauchinone inhibits LPS-inducible iNOS, TNF-α and COX-2 expression through suppression of I-κBα phosphorylation and p65 nuclear translocation. Sauchinone has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity[1].