Acetohexamide is a first-generation sulfonylurea medication used to treat diabetes mellitus type 2; stimulate the pancreas to secrete insulin.
Stearic acid is a long chain dietary saturated fatty acid which exists in many animal and vegetable fats and oils.
Insulin aspart (B28Asp) is a fast-acting analog of human insulin. Insulin aspart provides more rapid absorption than regular human insulin after subcutaneous administration. Insulin aspart can be used for researching diabetes[1].
D-Ribose 5-phosphate disodium is an intermediate of the oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and an end product of the nonoxidative branch of the PPP. D-Ribose 5-phosphate disodium is used in the synthesis of nucleotides and nucleic acids[1].
α-Glucosidase-IN-20 (Compound 3B) is a potent, orally active α-glucosidase inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.01 μM. α-Glucosidase-IN-20 shows anti-diabetic activity[1].
Ninerafaxstat (IMB-1018972) trihydrochloride is a cardiac mitotrope agent. Ninerafaxstat trihydrochloride increases myocardial metabolic efficiency by shifting substrate utilization towards glucose through reducing fatty acid oxidation (inhibiting 3-ketoacyl CoA thiolase)[1].
Ceftezole is an α-Glucosidase inhibitor with an IC50 and a Ki of 2.1 μM and 0.578 μM, respectively.
N-Nonyldeoxynojirimycin (NN-DNJ) is a potent inhibitor of alpha-glucosidase and alpha-1,6-glucosidase (IC50s, 0.42, 8.4 μM, respectively), inhibits glycogen breakdown[1].
trans-ACPD, a metabotropic receptor agonist, produces calcium mobilization and an inward current in cultured cerebellar Purkinje neurons.
L-Leucine-13C6 is the 13C labeled L-Leucine[1]. L-Leucine is an essential branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), which activates the mTOR signaling pathway[2].
Chlorazanil hydrochloride is a orally effective diuretic agent.
Renzapride (BRL 24924), a substituted benzamide, is a full 5-HT4 receptor agonist with a Ki value of 115 nM. Renzapride (BRL 24924) is also a 5HT2b and 5HT3 receptor antagonist[1]. Renzapride could be used for constipation predominant irritable bowel syndrome (C-IBS) study[2].
Kazinol B, a prenylated flavan with a dimethyl pyrane ring, is an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) production. Kazinol B improves insulin sensitivity by enhancing glucose uptake via the insulin-Akt signaling pathway and AMPK activation. Kazinol B has the potential for diabetes mellitus research[1][2].
Grape seed extract is a natural product with various health benefits, including anti-inflammatory effect. Grape seed extract shows inhibitory activity on the fat-metabolizing enzymes pancreatic lipase and lipoprotein lipase[1][2].
Demethyleneberberine is a natural mitochondria-targeted antioxidant. Demethyleneberberine alleviates mice colitis and inhibits the inflammatory responses by inhibiting NF-κB pathway and regulating the balance of Th cells. Demethyleneberberine could serve as a AMPK activator for treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)[1][2][3].
5-Hydroxyoxindole is a structural analog of uric acid. 5-Hydroxyoxindole has DPPH radical scavenging activities and lipid peroxidation-inhibitory activities. 5-Hydroxyoxindole can be used for the research of oxidative stress-mediated disorders[1].
cis-ent-Tadalafil (Tadalafil EP Impurity C) is a highly potent PDE5 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 5 nM and has blood pressure lowering activity[1].
Ibiglustat L-Malic acid (Venglustat L-Malic acid) is a selective inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase.
A highly potent, subtype-selective melanin concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCHR1) inhibitor with Ki of 17 nM, without inhibitory activity for MCHR2 at 10 uM; exhibits functional potency with Kb of 117 nM in FLIPR-based assay, with no activity for MCHR2 at 10 uM, dose-dependently reduces body weight in a chronic diet-induced obese model.
HA-1004 is a selective inhibitor of PKA, which can inhibit lipolysis and induce vascular relaxation. HA-1004 is also a dual inhibitor of cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase and cyclic AMP-dependent protein, and is involved in smooth muscle, second messenger, cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP regulation mechanisms. HA-1004 can be used as a vasodilator to inhibit the contraction of rabbit aortic strips, or to antagonize ERK and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) phosphorylation in morphine abstinence rat models[1][2][3].
Iscalimab (CFZ-533) is a non-depleting IGg1 monoclonal antibody targeting CD40 (KD: 0.3 nM). Iscalimab can be used for research of Graves' hyperthyroidism and autoimmune diseases[1][2][3].
Tetrathiomolybdate, an orally active anti-copper agent, reduces copper levels in the body. Tetrathiomolybdate has a protective effect on collagen-induced arthritis in mice. Tetrathiomolybdate also reduces blood sugar, but has no effect on mice with hereditary diabetes (db/db). Tetrathiomolybdate inhibit angiogenesis, also shows antiangiogenic effects in malignant pleural mesothelioma[1][2][3].
Cinnamoylglycine is a glycine conjugate of cinnamic acid and a urinary metabolite in human. Cinnamoylglycine is used as a potential urinary biomarker indicating intact or disrupted colonization resistance during and after antibiotic treatment[1].
preQ1 dihydrochloride is a modified, guanine-derived nucleobase and a precursor of Queuine (HY-N10574) biosynthesis. preQ1 dihydrochloride binds to the aptamer of PreQ1 riboswitch with high affinity[1].
Methyl cinnamate (Methyl 3-phenylpropenoate), an active component of Zanthoxylum armatum, is a widely used natural flavor compound. Methyl cinnamate (Methyl 3-phenylpropenoate) possesses antimicrobial activity and is a tyrosinase inhibitor that can prevent food browning. Methyl cinnamate (Methyl 3-phenylpropenoate) has antiadipogenic activity through mechanisms mediated, in part, by the CaMKK2-AMPK signaling pathway[1].
2-Methylcyclohexanone is an endogenous metabolite.
MGAT2-IN-4 (compound 33) is an inhibitor of monoacylglycerol transferase 2 (MGAT2), with liver metabolic stability. MGAT2-IN-4 can be used for research on obesity, diabetes and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)[1].
Hypaphorine is an indole alkaloid isolated from Pisolithus tinctorius, and with neurological and glucose-lowering effects in rodents[1].
Methoxyacetic acid-d3 is the deuterium labeled Methoxyacetic acid[1]. Methoxyacetic acid is an endogenous metabolite.