2-Piperidone is an endogenous metabolite.
Miroestrol is a highly active phytoestrogen. Miroestrol can produce mammogenic effect. Miroestrol exhibits bone loss prevention and neuroprotective in ovariectomized mice. Miroestrol also can reduce cancer risk[1][2][3][4].
ATP dipotassium (Adenosine 5'-triphosphate dipotassium) is a central component of energy storage and metabolism in vivo, provides the metabolic energy to drive metabolic pumps and serves as a coenzyme in cells. ATP dipotassium is an important endogenous signaling molecule in immunity and inflammation[1][2].
BIBO3304 TFA is a potent, orally active, and selective neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y1 receptor antagonist, with subnanomolar affinity for both the human and the rat Y1 receptor (IC50=0.38 and 0.72 nM, respectively)[1].
L-Tryptophan-13C11 (Tryptophan-13C11) is the 13C-labeled L-Tryptophan. L-Tryptophan (Tryptophan) is an essential amino acid that is the precursor of serotonin, melatonin, and vitamin B3[1].
OSMI-3 (Compound 2b) is a potent, long-lasting, and cell-permeable O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) inhibitor. Cells contain a large nuclear pool of partially spliced OGT transcript, and OSMI-3 increases detained intron splicing in cells[1].
BI-2081 is a GPR40 (FFAR1) partial agonist (EC50: 4 nM). BI-2081 induces glucose depending insulin secretion and reduces the plasma glucose concentration. BI-2081 can be used in the research of metabolic diseases, in particular diabetes type 2[1].
L-Homocystine is the oxidized member of the L-homocysteine. Homocysteine is a pro-thrombotic factor, vasodilation impairing agent, pro-inflammatory factor and endoplasmatic reticulum-stress inducer used to study cardiovascular disease mechanisms.
L-Phenylalanine-3-13C ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid-3-13C) is the 13C-labeled L-Phenylalanine. L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals[1][2][3][4].
Valienamine is the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor. Valienamine is the key functional component of many natural glycosidase inhibitors including the crop protectant validamycin A and the antidiabetic agent acarbose[1].
Phenoxyacetic acid is an endogenous metabolite.
Kuwanon A is a flavone derivative isolated from the root barks of the mulberry tree (Morus alba L.); inhibits nitric oxide production with an IC50 of 10.5 μM.
STO-609 is a selective and cell-permeable inhibitor of the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase (CaM-KK), with Ki values of 80 and 15 ng/mL for recombinant CaM-KKα and CaM-KKβ, respectively.
Nicotinic acid riboside is a NAD+ precursor in human cells. Nicotinic acid riboside is an authentic intermediate of human NAD+ metabolism[1][2].
Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone (LH-RH), salmon is the hypophysiotropic decapeptide synthesized in the hypothalamus that plays a crucial role in the control of reproductive functions.
CL316243 is a highly potent selective β3-adrenoceptor agonist with a EC50 of 3 nM, but is an extremely poor to β1/2- receptors[1].CL316243 is a effective stimulant of adipocyte lipolysis and increases brown adipose tissue thermogenesis and metabolic rate[2]. CL316243 has the potential for the treatment obesity, diabetes and urge urinary incontinence[3].
(-)-(S)-Equol is a high affinity ligand for estrogen receptor β with a Ki of 0.73 nM.
JNJ-40355003 is a potent and selective atty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor[1].
S-(5'-Adenosyl)-L-methionine iodide (S-Adenosyl-L-methionine iodide) is an important methyl donor that is found in all living organisms[1].
Adenosylcobalamin (Coenzyme B12;Cobamamide;AdoCbl) is an active form of Vitamin B12 which is a cofactor for methylmalonyl CoA mutase[1]
Masoprocol (meso-Nordihydroguaiaretic acid) is a potent and orally active lipoxygenase inhibitor. Masoprocol shows antihyperglycemic activity. Masoprocol decreases the glucose concentration and hepatic triglyceride in vivo. Masoprocol has the potential for the research of type II diabetes[1][2][3].
2'-NH2-ATP (2'-Amino-2'-deoxyadenosine-5'-triphosphate), an adenosine derivative, is a weak competitive inhibitor of ATP, with a Ki of 2.3 mM. 2'-NH2-ATP can be used in nucleic acid labeling[1][2][3].
TC AQP1 1 (m-Phenylenediacrylic acid) is a potent AQP1 inhibitor. TC AQP1 1 inhibits AQP1-mediated water flux in oocytes, with an IC50 of 8 μM[1].
Creatine monohydrate, an endogenous amino acid derivative, plays an important role in cellular energy, especially in muscle and brain[1].
1alpha, 25-Dihydroxy VD2-D6 is a deuterated form of vitamin D.
Beauveriolide III is an inhibitor of lipid droplet formation in mouse macrophages[1].
TUG-499 is a selective free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1 or GPR40) (Free Fatty Acid Receptor) agonist with a pEC50 of 7.39. TUG-499 exhibits >100-fold selectivity over the related receptors FFA2, FFA3, and the nuclear receptor PPARγ and other diverse receptors, ion channels, and transporters. TUG-499 can be used for the research of type 2 diabetes[1].
SF0166 is a topically administered αvβ3 integrin antagonist, inhibits integrin-ligand interactions with IC50 of 0.6 nM to 13 nM for human αvβ3, αvβ6, and αvβ8; inhibits cellular adhesion to vitronectin across human, rat, rabbit, and dog cell lines with IC50 of 7.6 pM-76 nM; significantly decreases neovascularization in the oxygen-induced retinopathy mouse models. Other Indication Phase 2 Clinical
Echistatin, the smallest active RGD protein belonging to the family of disintegrins that are derived from snake venoms, is a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation. Echistatin is a potent inhibitor of bone resorption in culture. Echistatin is a potent antagonist of αIIbβ3, αvβ3 and α5β1[1][2][3][4].
Cagrilintide is an investigational novel long-acting acylated amylin analogue, acts as nonselective amylin receptors (AMYR) and calcitonin G protein-coupled receptor (CTR) agonist. Cagrilintide induces significant weight loss and reduces food intake. Cagrilintide has the potential for the research of obesity[1][2][3].