3α-Hydroxytirucalla-7,24-dien-21-oic acid is a tirucallane triterpene isolated from the oleoresin of Protium hebetatum Daly[1].
PNU 37883 hydrochloride (PNU 37883A) is a selective vascular ATP-sensitive potassium (Kir6, KATP) channels blocker. PNU 37883 hydrochloride has diuretic effects with specific binding in kidney and vascular smooth muscle rather than in brain or pancreatic beta cells[1][2].
GZ-793A is an orally active and selective vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT2) inhibitor, with an Ki of 0.029 µM. GZ-793A inhibits the neurochemical effects of methamphetamine (METH)-induced dopamine release. GZ-793A can be used for research of METH addiction[1][2][3].
Y-27632 dihydrochloride is a cell-permeable, ATP-competitive inhibitor of ROCK-I and ROCK-II, with Kis of 220 and 300 nM, respectively.
α-Lipoic Acid sodium (Thioctic acid sodium; (±)-α-Lipoic acid sodium; DL-α-Lipoic acid sodium) is an antioxidant. α-Lipoic Acid sodium inhibits NF-κB-dependent HIV-1 LTR activation. α-Lipoic Acid sodium induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis in hepatoma cells. α-Lipoic Acid sodium can be used for researching diabetes, neuropathy, obesity, abnormal pregnancy and other diseases[1][2][3][4][5].
Infliximab (Avakine) is a chimeric monoclonal IgG1 antibody that specifically binds to TNF-α. Infliximab prevents the interaction of TNF-α with TNF-α receptor (TNFR1 and TNFR2). Infliximab has the potential for autoimmune, chronic inflammatory diseases and diabetic neuropathy research[1][2].
(+)-Kavain, a main kavalactone extracted from Piper methysticum, has anticonvulsive properties, attenuating vascular smooth muscle contraction through interactions with voltage-dependent Na+ and Ca2+ channels[1]. (+)-Kavain is shown to bind at the α4β2δ GABAA receptor and potentiate GABA efficacy[2]. (+)-Kavain is used as a treatment for inflammatory diseases, its anti-inflammatory action has been widely studied[4].
Neurokinin A acts via neurokinin 2 (NK-2) receptor.
SEN177 is an inhibitor of glutaminyl cyclase (QPCT), thereby rescuing the Huntington's disease (HD)-related phenotypes in cell.
LQVTDSGLYRCVIYHPP (LP17) is a triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM-1) inhibitory peptide. LQVTDSGLYRCVIYHPP substantially alleviates ischemia-induced infarction and neuronal injury[1].
4′-Demethylnobiletin is a bioactive metabolite that activates the PKA/ERK/CREB signaling pathway, enhances CRE-mediated transcription in hippocampal neurons, and reverses memory impairment associated with NMDA receptor antagonism by stimulating ERK signaling[1].
TAT-DEF-Elk-1 (TDE) is a cell-penetrating peptide inhibitor of Elk-1, mimics and specifically interferes with the DEF domain of Elk-1. TAT-DEF-Elk-1 blocks Elk-1 phosphorylation and prevents Elk-1 nuclear translocation without interfering with ERK nor MSK1 activation. TAT-DEF-Elk-1 is a useful tool to analyze the role of Elk-1 in this process during the development of neuronal plasticity[1].
[DPro10] Dynorphin A (1-11), porcine, a N-Alkylated derivative, is a potent κ-opioid receptor agonist with a Ki value of 0.13 nM. [DPro10] Dynorphin A (1-11), porcine has analgesic property[1][2].
Adenosine antagonist-1 is an adenosine A3 receptor (AA3R) antagonist.
RX 801077 hydrochloride (2 BFI) is a selective imidazoline I2 receptor (I2R) agonist with a Ki value of 70.1 nM. RX 801077 hydrochlorideshows anti-inflammation and neuroprotection. RX 801077 hydrochloride has the potential for the research of traumatic brain injury (TBI)[1][2].
ML 297 (VU 0456810) is a potent and selective GIRK1/2 activator, with an EC50 of 0.16 μM. ML 297 is potential for the treatment of epilepsy[1][2].
Licarin A ((+)-Licarin A), a neolignan isolated from various plants, significantly and dose-dependently reduces TNF-α production (IC50=12.6±0.3 μM) in dinitrophenyl-human serum albumin (DNP-HSA)-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells. Anti-allergic effects. Licarin A reduces TNF-α and PGD2 production, and COX-2 expression[1]。
NIDA-41020 is a potent and selective cannabinoid receptor 1(CB1) antagonist with a Ki of 4.1 nM. NIDA-41020 was designed as a potential radioligand for use in positron emission tomography (PET)[1].
5β-Androstan-3β-ol-17-one (3β-Etiocholanolone; 5β-Epiandrosterone), a steroid with 5β reduction, is one the major metabolic products of ehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). 5β-Androstan-3β-ol-17-one exert strong antihyperglycemic effects in C57BL/KsJ genetically diabetic (db/db) mice. 5β-Androstan-3β-ol-17-one also exerts depressive effect on neurons[1][2].
Quinolactacin A1 is a potent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor from solid state fermentation of Penicillium citrinum 90648. Quinolactacin A1 can be used for the research of Alzheimer disease[1].
Amfonelic acid (WIN-25978) is a highly selective dopamine reuptake inhibitor. Amfonelic acid interferes with the in vitro neuronal uptake of norepinephrine in the iris of rats, but does not alter the concentrations of norepinephrine or dopamine in the whole mouse brain. Amfonelic acid can be used as a pharmacological tool to study the brain reward system, dopamine pathway and dopamine transporter[1].
Cirazoline hydrochloride (LD 3098 hydrochloride) is a potent competitive full α1A-adrenergic receptor (α1A-AR) agonist (Ki=120 nM) and only a partial agonist at α1B-AR (Ki= 960 nM) and α1D-AR (Ki=660 nM)[1].
E-3620 is a potent 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. E-3620 can be used for the research of dyskinesi and gastrointestinal motility[1][2].
Chemerin-9, mouse (Chemerin148-156, mouse) is a C-terminal nonapeptide of chemerin. Chemerin-9, mouse is a ligand for ChemR23 (EC50 = 42 nM). Chemerin-9, mouse reduces basal lipolysis in primary mouse white adipocytes(IC50 = 3.3 nM). Chemerin-9, mouse enhances memory and relieves Aβ1-42-induced memory impairment in AD mice. Chemerin-9, mouse also inhibits atherogenesis[1][2][3].
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-β-carboline-1-carboxylic acid is a chemical used on the study of neurodegenerative diseases[1].
MAO-A/5-HT2AR-IN-1 (compound I14) is a potent MAO-A and 5-HT2AR dual inhibitor, with IC50 values of 0.004 and 0.014 μM, respectively. MAO-A/5-HT2AR-IN-1 is a potential antidepressant agent[1].
Coriatin can be isolated from L. parasiticus and has antischizophrenia activity[1].
TASP0390325 is a high affinity and orally active arginine vasopressin receptor 1B (V1B receptor) antagonist with antidepressant and anxiolytic activities[1].
Topiramate (McN 4853) lithium is a broad-spectrum antiepileptic agent. Topiramate lithium is a GluR5 receptor antagonist. Topiramate produces its antiepileptic effects through enhancement of GABAergic activity, inhibition of kainate/AMPA receptors, inhibition of voltage-sensitive sodium and calcium channels, increases in potassium conductance, and inhibition of carbonic anhydrase[1][2][3].
Lenperone hydrochloride (AHR 2277) is an antipsychotic compound and a dopamine antagonist. Lenperone hydrochloride reduces gastroesophageal sphincter pressure of healthy dogs. Lenperone hydrochloride can be used for neurological disease research[1][2].