Clonidine hydrochloride is an agonist of α2-adrenoceptor and potent antihypertensive agent.
ICI 118,551 (hydrochloride) is a highly selective β2 adrenergic receptor antagonist, with Ki values of 0.7, 49.5 and 611 nM for β2, β1 and β3 receptors, respectively.
Hexoprenaline is an orally active and selective β-adrenergic receptor agonist that dilates the bronchi. Hexoprenaline can be used in the study of bronchospasm, including asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema[1].
Azepexole (B-HT 933) dihydrochloride is a potent and selective alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist with pKis of 8.3, 7.6, and 7.5 for α2A-, α2B- and α2C-adrenoceptor subtypes, resepctively[1]. Azepexole dihydrochloride causes concentration-dependent inhibition of peristaltic contractions (IC50= 78.72 nM)[2].
Octopamine Hydrochloride is an endogenous biogenic amine that is closely related to norepinephrine, and has effects on the adrenergic and dopaminergic systems.Target: Dopamine Receptor; Adrenergic ReceptorOctopamine is present in relatively high concentrations in neuronal as well as in non-neuronal tissues of most invertebrate species studied, and modulates almost every physiological process. Octopamine acts as neurohormone including desensitization of sensory inputs, influence on learning and memory, or regulation of the mood of the animal in the central nervous system. Octopamine is the only neuroactive non-peptide transmitter whose physiological role is restricted to invertebrates, and all octopamine receptors belong to the family of G-protein coupled receptors [1].Octopamine (10 μM) injected into the mushroom body (MB) calyces or the antennal lobe but not the lateral protocerebral lobe produces a lasting, pairing-specific enhancement of extension of the proboscis. Octopamine (10 μM) injected into the MB calyces results in an additional pairing-specific effect, because it does not lead to an acquisition but a consolidation after conditioning [2]. Octopamine treatment significantly elevates levels of octopamine in the brain and caused a significant dose-dependent increase in the number of new foragers. Octopamine treatment is effective only when given to bees old enough to forage, i.e., older than 4 days of age. Octopamine influences division of labor in honey bee colonies [3].
Viloxazine (Viloxazin) is a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, also a potent 5-HT2C agonist and 5-HT2B antagonist with an EC50 of 32 μM and an IC50 of 27 μM for 5-HT2C and 5-HT2B, respectively. The mechanism of action of Viloxazine predominantly involves serotonergic and noradrenergic pathways. Viloxazine can be used for researching depression[1][2].
Urapidil-d4 is the deuterium labeled Urapidil[1]. Urapidil is an α1 adrenoreceptor antagonist and a 5-HT1A receptor agonist[2].
Naftopidil hydrochloride (KT-611 hydrochloride) is a selective alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist, with antiproliferative effects. Naftopidil dihydrochloride can be used for the research of prostate hyperplasia[1].
(Rac)-Nebivolol ((Rac)-R 065824) is a racemic isomer of Nebivolol. Nebivolol is a selective β1-adrenergic receptor antagonist with an IC50 value of 0.8 nM. Nebivolol can prevent up-regulation of Nox2/NADPH oxidase and lipoperoxidation in the early stages of ethanol-induced cardiac toxicity. Vasodilatory activity[1][2].
(S)-Carvedilol-d4 is deuterium labeled (S)-Carvedilol. (S)-Carvedilol, the S-enantiomer of Carvedilol, is a non-selective β/α-1 blocker. (S)-Carvedilol exerts protection against the vascular or cardiac toxicity of Doxorubicin (DOX)[1].
4-Hydroxypropranolol D7 hydrochloride ((±)-4-hydroxy Propranolol D7 hydrochloride) is a deuterium labeled 4-Hydroxypropranolol hydrochloride. 4-Hydroxypropranolol hydrochlorid is an active metabolite of Propranolol, with potency comparable to Propranolol. 4-Hydroxypropranolol hydrochlorid inhibits β1- and β2-adrenergic receptors with pA2 values of 8.24 and 8.26, respectively. 4-Hydroxypropranolol hydrochlorid has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, membrane stabilizing activity and potent antioxidant properties[1][2][3].
Metoprolol-d5 is the deuterium labeled Metoprolol[1]. Metoprolol is an orally active, selective β1-adrenoceptor antagonist. Metoprolol shows anti-inflammation, antitumor and anti-angiogenic properties[2][3][4].
Denopamine ((R)-(-)-Denopamine) is an orally active, selective β1-adrenergic agonist. Denopamine prolongs survival in a murine model of congestive heart failure induced by viral myocarditis: suppression of tumor necrosis factor-α production in the heart. Cardiovascular effects[1].
Apraclonidine hydrochloride (ALO 2145), a selective α2 and weak α1 receptor agonist activity, effectively lowers intraocular pressure (IOP) in human eyes. Apraclonidine hydrochloride is a topical ophthalmic solution[1][2].
Xamoterol hemifumarate is a selective and potent agonist of beta1-adrenergic receptor. Xamoterol hemifumarate has the potential for the research of arrhythmogenesis. Xamoterol hemifumarate has the potential for the investigating the relationship between β1-adrenergic stimulation and IKr[1].
Zolertine hydrochloride is an α-adrenoceptor antagonist with a pKi of 6.81 in rat liver (α1B-adrenoceptors) and 6.35 in rabbit liver (α1A-adrenoceptors) membranes[1].
Naftopidil-d5 is deuterium labeled Naftopidil. Naftopidil (KT-611) is is a selective alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist, with Kis of 3.7 nM, 20 nM and 1.2 nM for the cloned human α1a-, α1b- and α1d-adrenoceptor subtypes, respectively. Naftopidil has antiproliferative effects. Naftopidil can be used for the research of prostate hyperplasia[1][2].
Norfenefrine hydrochloride is an orally active, endogenously found α-adrenergic agonist and can be used for the research of female stress incontinence[1][2].
Alfuzosin hydrochloride is an α1 adrenergic receptor antagonist used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Target: α1 adrenergic receptorAlfuzosin, a new quinazoline derivative, acts as a selective and competitive antagonist of alpha 1-adrenoceptor-mediated contraction of prostatic, prostatic capsule, bladder base and proximal urethral smooth muscle, thereby reducing the tone of these structures. Consequently, urethral pressure and resistance, bladder outlet resistance, bladder instability and symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia are reduced. A limited range of clinical studies have shown oral alfuzosin to be more effective than placebo (in studies of < or = 6 months duration), to have sustained effects on long term administration (< or = 30 months), and to be comparable with the alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin, in the symptomatic treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.Oral alfuzosin 7.5 to 10 mg/day in divided doses appears to be a promising first-line agent for symptomatic treatment of noncomplicated mild to moderate benign prostatic hyperplasia in patients with a high dynamic component to their obstruction. In addition, alfuzosin offers an alternative to prostatectomy (the current 'gold standard') in patients who require surgery but are unfit for this treatment, and in patients requiring symptomatic relief while awaiting surgery.
JP1302 is a potent, selective, high affinity antagonist of the α2C-adrenoceptor, with a Kb of 16 nM and a Ki of 28 nM for the human α2C-receptor. JP1302 shows antidepressant and antipsychotic-like effects. JP1302 can be used for neuropsychiatric disorders and renal dysfunction research[1][2][3].
Bromchlorbuterol hydrochloride is an active β-adrenergic agonist (β-agonist) and can be used for the research of pulmonary disease and asthma[1].
Alloyohimbine, an alkaloid, is a selective α2-adrenoceptor antagonist with K Dα1, K Dα2 of 0.28 μM and 0.006 μM, respectively[1].
ICI141292 is a potent β-adrenoceptor partial agonist with a greater affinity for β1- than β2-adrenoceptors.
SB-206606, a stereoisomer of BRL 37344, is a potentially specific, beta 3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) ligand. The affinity of [3H]SB 206606 is 76 times higher for the β3-AR than for the beta 1/beta 2-adrenergic receptors[1].
Lidanserin is a drug which acts as a combined 5-HT2A and α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist.
Benoxathian hydrochloride is a potent α1 adrenoceptor antagonist, can be used for researching anorexia[1].
ADRA1D receptor agonist 1 (compound (R)-9S) is a potent, selective and orally active α1D adrenoceptor antagonist, with a Ki of 1.6 nM[1].
Zilpaterol-d7 is a deuterium labeled Zilpaterol. Zilpaterol is a β-adrenergic receptor agonist that putatively, through activation of protein kinase A, increases protein synthesis in skeletal muscle fibers as well as reduces lipogenesis and increases lipolysis in adipose tissues. Formulations containing Zilpaterol have been used to increase lean body weight and improve feed efficiency in commercial beef cattle.
BRL-44408 maleate is an α2A-adrenoceptor antagonist (Ki: 8.5 nM). BRL-44408 maleate has antidepressant and analgesic activity. BRL-44408 also improves cecal ligation puncture (CLP)-induced acute lung injury[1][2].