Phlorizin is a non-selective SGLT inhibitor with Kis of 300 and 39 nM for hSGLT1 and hSGLT2, respectively. Phlorizin is also a Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor.
CP-601932 ((1S,5R)-CP-601927) is a high-affinity partial agonist at α3β4 nAChR (EC50=~ 3 μM). CP-601932 has the same high-binding affinity at α3β4 (Ki=21 nM) as at α4β2 nAChRs (Ki=21 nM) and an order of magnitude lower affinity for α6 and α7 nAChR subtypes. CP-601932 selectively decreases ethanol but not sucrose consumption and operant self-administration following long-term exposure. CP-601932 readily penetrates the CNS[1].
Dequalinium Chloride is a selective blocker of apamin-sensitive K+ channels.Target: Potassium ChannelDequalinium Chloride is a selective blocker of apamin-sensitive K+ channels. Treatment with Dequalinium chloride did not influence conditions caused by haemolytic streptococci -- verified by bacteriological examinations of pharyngeal smears -- inspite of its efficiency in vitro [1]. Dequalinium chloride (DECA), a cationic, lipophilic mitochondrial poison, selectively targets the mitochondrial membrane of certain epithelial carcinoma cells, in which it inhibits cellular energy production. Higher DECA doses under either regimen induced severe toxic effects and mortality [2].
Propafenone D7 hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled Propafenone, which is a classic anti-arrhythmic medication.
TRPA1 Antagonist 3 is a photoswitchable TRPA1 agonist that enables optical control of the TRPA1 channel.
SEN 12333 (WAY-317538) is a potent, selective and orally active α7 nAChR agonist. SEN12333 displays high affinity for the rat α7 nAChRs expressed in GH4C1 cells (K>i=260 nM) and acts as full agonist in functional Ca2+ flux studies (EC50=1.6 μM). SEN 12333 is used for AD and schizophrenia research[1].
Methionine (MRX-1024) is an effective chemoprotective agent which can also inhibit the neuronal activity through GABAA receptor activation.
(-)-(S)-Cibenzoline (Escibenzoline), a S(+)-enantiomer of Cibenzoline, is an antiarrhythmic agent[1].
Esomeprazole magnesium salt is a proton pump inhibitor which reduces acid secretion through inhibition of the H+ / K+ ATPase in gastric parietal cells.IC50 value:Target: proton pumpEsomeprazole magnesium salt is a proton pump inhibitor and gastric antisecretory agent indicated for the short-term treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease in patients with a history of erosive esophagitis.
αA-Conotoxin OIVA (αA-OIVA) is a selective nAChR antagonist with an IC50 of 56 nM against mammalian fetal muscle nAChR. αA-Conotoxin OIVA is a peptide that can be derived from conotoxin. αA-Conotoxin OIVA paralyzes muscles[1][2].
5-Iodoresiniferatoxin (I-RTX) is a selective TRPV1 antagonist, with an IC50s of 0.7 and 5.4 nM for rat and human receptors, respectively. 5-Iodoresiniferatoxin induces TRPV1-dependent hypothermia in vivo[1].
PF-05198007 is a potent, state-dependent, subtype selective Nav1.7 inhibitor with IC50 of 9 nM, no significant activity against Nav1.5 (IC50>10 uM); increases action potential rheobase in small diameter mDRG neurons, demonstrates in vivo efficacy in a mouse capsaicin-induced neurogenic flare model.
NAB-14 is a potent, selective negative allosteric modulator of GluN2C/2D-containing NMDA receptors with IC50 of 580 nM, >800-fold selective over GluN2A/GluN2 receptors; inhibits triheteromeric (GluN1/GluN2A/GluN2C) NMDARs with modestly reduced potency and efficacy compared to diheteromeric (GluN1/GluN2C/GluN2C) receptors; inhibits GluN2D-mediated synaptic currents in rat subthalamic neurons and mouse hippocampal interneurons, but has no effect on synaptic transmission in hippocampal pyramidal neurons.
ω-Agatoxin TK, a peptidyl toxin of the venom of Agelenopsis aperta, is a potent and selective P/Q type Ca2+ channel blocker. ω-Agatoxin TK inhibits the high K+ depolarisation-induced rise in internal Ca2+ in cerebral isolated nerve endings with an IC50 of of 60 nM. ω-Agatoxin TK has no effect on L-type, N-type, or T-type calcium channels[1][2][3].
Pantoprazole sodium salt(SKF96022; Protonix) is a proton pump inhibitor drug used for short-term treatment of erosion and ulceration of the esophagus caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease.IC50 value:Target: proton pump inhibitor
Cyclodrine hydrochloride is a cholinergic (muscarinic, nicotinic) (mAChR and nAChR) receptor antagonist.
Panadiplon (FG 10571; PNU 78875), a benzodiazepine receptor, is a 5GABAA partial agonist. Panadiplon exhibits selectivity for 5GABAA receptors versus 1GABAA receptors[1].
HBT1 is a novel potent AMPA receptor potentiator with lower agonistic effect compared with LY451395 and OXP1.
Apamin, an 18 amino acid peptide neurotoxin found in apitoxin (bee venom), is known to block Ca2+-activated K+ channels and prevent carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis.
Amlodipine is a long-acting calcium channel blocker.Target: Calcium ChannelAmlodipine is a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist (calcium ion antagonist or slow-channel blocker) that inhibits the movement of calcium ions into vascular smooth muscle cells and cardiac muscle cells. Experimental data suggest amlodipine binds to both dihydropyridine and nondihydropyridine binding sites. The contractile processes of cardiac muscle and vascular smooth muscle are dependent upon the movement of extracellular calcium ions into these cells through specific ion channels. Amlodipine inhibits calcium ion influx across cell membranes selectively, with a greater effect on vascular smooth muscle cells than on cardiac muscle cells. Negative inotropic effects, or decreased heart muscle contractility, can be detected in vitro, but such effects have not been seen in intact animals at therapeutic doses. Serum calcium concentration is not affected by amlodipine. Within the physiologic pH range, amlodipine is an ionized compound (pKa = 8.6), and its interaction with the calcium channel receptor is characterized by a gradual rate of association and dissociation with the receptor binding site, resulting in a gradual onset of effect. Amlodipine is a peripheral arterial vasodilator that acts directly on vascular smooth muscle to cause a reduction in peripheral vascular resistance and reduction in blood pressure. From Wikipedia.
GS967 (GS-458967) is a potent, and selective inhibitor of cardiac late sodium current (late INa ) with IC50 values of 0.13 and 0.21 μM for ventricular myocytes and isolated hearts, respectively.
ω-Conotoxin GVIA is an inhibitor of the N-type Ca2+ channel[1].
DDO-02005 is a potent Kv1.5 potassium channel inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.72 μM. DDO-02005 has good anti-atrial fibrillation (AF) effect in CaCl2-ACh AF rats model and effective anti-arrhythmic activity caused by aconitine[1].
Methyl kakuol shows agonistic activity against TRPA1 with an EC50 of 0.27 µM[1].
Dinotefuran is an insecticide of the neonicotinoid class, its mechanism of action involves disruption of the insect's nervous system by inhibiting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.Target: nAChR, Antiparasitic
GAL-021 a new intravenous BKCa-channel blocker.
(S)-(-)-HA 966 ((-)-HA 966), a γ-Hydroxybutyrate-like agent, is weakly active as an NMDA-receptor antagonist. (S)-(-)-HA 966 possesses muscle relaxant action and prevents enhanced mesocorticolimbic dopamine metabolism and behavioral correlates of restraint stress, conditioned fear[1][2].
MPX-004 is a potent GluN2A antagonist. MPX-004 inhibits GluN2A-containing NMDA receptors expressed in HEK cells with an IC50 of 79 nM. MPX-004 has no inhibitory effect on GluN2B or GluN2D receptor-mediated responses. MPX-004 has the potential for neuropsychiatric and developmental disorders research[1].
URAT1&XO inhibitor 1 (compound 29) is a dual inhibitor of both URAT1 (IC50=~10 μM) and Xanthine Oxidase (IC50=1.01 μM). URAT1&XO inhibitor 1 results hypouricemic effect in potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia rat model. URAT1&XO inhibitor 1 is used for hyperuricemia research[1].
L-Glutamic acid-d5 is the deuterium labeled L-Glutamic acid. L-Glutamic acid acts as an excitatory transmitter and an agonist at all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabotropic, kainate, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid shows a direct activating effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic terminals.