H-Pro-Phe-OH is a dipeptide containing proline and phenylalanine, which can serve as a substrate for prolinase. H-Pro-Phe-OH can also be used for polypeptide synthesis, where phenylalanine is an aromatic amino acid that can inhibit the activity of Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE, HY-P2983)[1][2].
Vicenin 2 is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (IC50=43.83 μM) from the aerial parts of Desmodium styracifolium[1].
Mca-YVADAP-Lys(Dnp)-OH is a fluorogenic substrate for caspase-1 and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)[1].
Cyanidin 3-sambubioside chloride (Cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside chloride), a major anthocyanin, a natural colorant, and is a potent NO inhibitor. Cyanidin 3-sambubioside chloride is a H274Y mutation inhibitor, and inhibits influenza neuraminidase activity with an IC50 of 72 μM. Cyanidin 3-sambubioside chloride inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity and has antioxidant, anti-angiogenic and antiviral properties[1][2][3].
Bradykinin potentiator C is a potent angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with an IC50 of 7.1 μM for rabbit lung ACE. Bradykinin potentiator C is a postulated prototype of functional peptide[1].
Quinapril is a prodrug that belongs to the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor class of medications.Target: ACEQuinapril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Quinapril is rapidly de-esterified after absorption to quinaprilat (the active diacid metabolite), a potent angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Quinapril is now firmly established as an effective and well tolerated ACE inhibitor for the treatment of patients with hypertension and congestive heart failure. Quinapril 40 mg/day also significantly reduced the incidence of ischaemic events in patients undergoing CABG in one study [1, 2]. An overview of 32 clinical trials of ACE inhibitors in heart failure showed that no significant heterogeneity in mortality was found among enalapril, ramipril, quinapril, captopril, lisinopril, benazepril, perindopril and cilazapril. Initiation of therapy with captopril, ramipril, and trandolapril at least 3 days after an acute MI resulted in all-cause mortality risk reductions of 18 to 27% [3].
Ovotransferrin (328-332) has a protective activity on the blood pressure by inhibiting the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE), with the IC50 of 20 μM. Ovotransferrin (328-332) fragment has an activity against Cholinesterase (ChE), implicating in Alzheimer’s diseases[1][2].
Enalapril (MK-421) sodium is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, can be used for hypertensive diseases research[1][2].
Ovalbumin (154-159) is a fragment from ovalbumin. Ovalbumin (154-159) is a potent angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Ovalbumin (154-159) can be used for research of hypertension[1][2].
Resorcinolnaphthalein is a specific angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) enhancer and activates ACE2 activity with an EC50 value of 19.5 μM. Resorcinolnaphthalein can be used for the investigation of hypertension and renal fibrosis[1].
Icariside D2, isolated from Annona glabra fruit, inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme. Icariside D2 shows significant cytotoxic activity on the HL-60 cell line with the IC50 value of 9.0 ± 1.0 μM. Icariside D2 induces apoptosis [1][2].
FA-Phe-Phe is a furylacryloyl (fa)-amino acid derivative, targeting to Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE). FA-Phe-Phe is also a specific substrate of Cathepsin A[1][2].
Fosinopril-d5 sodium (SQ28555-d5 sodium) is the deuterium labeled Fosinopril sodium. Fosinopril Sodium is the ester prodrug of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used for the treatment of hypertension and some types of chronic heart failure[1][2].
Fosinopril (SQ28555) is the ester prodrug of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with the IC50 value of 0.18 μM[1]. Fosinopril demonstrates a non-competitive inhibition effect on ACE activity with a Ki value of 1.675 μM[2].
Quinaprilat hydrate is a non-mercapto Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, the active metabolite of Quinapril. Quinaprilat hydrate specifically blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II and inhibits the degradation of bradykinin. Quinaprilat hydrate acts as anti-hypertensive agent and vasodilator[1][2].
Alamandine, a member of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), a vasoactive peptide, is an endogenous ligand of the G protein-coupled receptor MrgD. Alamandine targets to protect the kidney and heart through anti-hypertensive actions[1][2].
Trandolapril (RU44570) hydrochloride is a nonsulfhydryl prodrug that is hydrolysed to the active diacid Trandolapril hydrochlorideat. Trandolapril hydrochloride is an orally active angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure (CHF), and after myocardial infarction (MI)[1].
Zofenopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with an IC50 of 81 μM.
Garcinone B, a xanthone derivative, is a nature product that could be isolated from the pericarp of Mangosteen. Garcinone B is a potent ACE2 and Mpro inhibitor. Garcinone B can be used in research of COVID-19[1].
Spirapril is a potent and cross the blood-brain barrier angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with antihypertensive activity. Spirapril competitively binds to ACE and prevents the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Spirapril is an orally active prodrug of Spiraprilat and can be used for the research of hypertension, congestive heart failure[1][2][3].
SBP1 peptide is a chemically synthesized 23-mer peptide fragment of the ACE2 PD α1 helix. SBP1 peptide associates with micromolar affinity to insect-derived SARS-CoV-2-RBD protein [1].
Perindopril is a long-acting ACE inhibitor of which is used to treat high blood pressure, heart failure or stable coronary artery disease.Target: ACEPerindopril is a long-acting ACE inhibitor. It is used to treat high blood pressure, heart failure or stable coronary artery disease in form of perindopril arginine (trade names include Coversyl, Coversum) or perindopril erbumine (trade name Aceon). According to the Australian government's Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme website, based on data provided to the Australian Department of Health and Aging by the manufacturer, perindopril arginine and perindopril erbumine are therapeutically equivalent and may be interchanged without differences in clinical effect. However the dose prescribed to achieve the same effect will differ due to different molecular weights for the two forms. Perindopril is one of the most prescribed inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme, has a large evidence base, which allows to use it in patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus type 2, coronary heart disease and chronic heart failure. In this review, the author focused on the evidence of organoprotecting properties of perindopril that lie outside lowering blood pressure.
Captopril-d3 is deuterium labeled Captopril. Captopril (SQ 14225), antihypertensive agent, is a thiol-containing competitive, orally active angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (IC50=0.025 μM) and has been widely used for research of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Captopril is also a New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 7.9 μM[1][2][3].
Indolapril hydrochloride (CI-907) is an orally active nonsulfhydryl angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Indolapril hydrochloride is highly specific in suppressing the contractile or pressor responses to Angiotensin I. Indolapril hydrochloride is a potent antihypertensive agent[1].
Benazepril-d5 (hydrochloride) is deuterium labeled Benazepril (hydrochloride).
H-Tyr-Lys-OH is a dipeptide that can be used as a biomarker for AJH-1. H-Tyr-Lys-OH has a good binding affinity to angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)[1].
Leucylarginylproline is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.27μM.
Deserpidine (Harmonyl) is an alkaloid isolated from the root of Rauwolfia canescens related to Reserpine. Deserpidine is used as an antihypertensive agent and a tranquilizer. Deserpidine is a competitive angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Deserpidine also decreases angiotensin II-induced aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex[1][2][3].
Etesevimab (JS016) is a recombinant neutralizing human IgG1 anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody[1].
Abz-Ser-Pro-3-nitro-Tyr-OH is the substrate of ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme-2)[1].